A A A E R I A L D J U S T M E N T R T I L E R Y (OF)

WOW! Look, Mommy!

I see a cool Army aviator!

Aerial Adjustment

Of Artillery

CWO BLUMEFire Support Instructor

Bldg 5911, Rm 325Ph#: 255-9712 DSN: 558-9712

HOME: 334-792-6882

• Food/Drink OK but keep the room & tables clean.

• Clean off maps.

• Break areas: Snacks, Latrines, Smoking

• If you are sleepy, do pushups!

• No Tobacco except on breaks

• Cells off or silent mode!

• Learn & Have fun!

RULES OF ENGAGEMENT (ROE)

Coffee ROE

1. Unplug pot when it is nearly empty.

2. Use stir sticks to stir coffee (not spoons).

3. Spoon in creamer can and with sugar.

No H1N1 zone.

Terminal Learning Objectives

• ACTION: Perform call for fire.

• CONDITION: Given a classroom and a student handout.

• STANDARD: 33 questions covering all material Must score 70% to achieve a GO; can miss up to 10. Failure will result in remedial training and retest. Maximum score on retest is 70%.

References

• FM 6-20-10 The Targeting Process• FM 6-20-20 Fire Support at BN TF and Below• FM 6-30 Observed Fire• FM 6-50 The Field Artillery Cannon Battery• FM 101-5-1 Operational Terms and Graphics• ST 6-50-20 Battery XO Leaders Handbook• AMC-P 700-3-3 Complete Round Chart of Artillery

Ammunitions

SAFETY REQUIREMENTS: NONE

RISK ASSESSMENT LEVEL: LOW

ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS: NONE

EXAM: 33 questions covering all material. Must score 70% to achieve a GO; can miss up to 10. Failure will result in remedial training and retest. Maximum score on retest is 70%.

Administrative Notes

ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVE A

ACTION: Select the six elements in a standard call for fire.

CONDITION: Given a classroom and a student handout.

STANDARD: 33 questions covering all material Must score 70% to achieve a GO; can miss up to 10. Failure will result in remedial training and retest. Maximum score on retest is 70%.

Call for Fire

“A1H16 de A1H34, AF, k”

FM 6-30 pg 4-7

“Grid AC 634328, k”

“Sniper, in a concrete high rise, Excaliber i/e, AMC, k”

• LANGUAGE OF THE ARTILLERY

• STANDARD FORMAT

– 6 ELEMENTS

– 3 TRANSMISSIONS

CALL FOR FIRE

Abbreviations

• de = “this is”

• K = “over”

• i/e = “in effect”

• i/o = “in the open”

• i/a = “in adjustment”

1 = “1 round”

I - OBSERVER IDENTIFICATION

W - WARNING ORDER/METHOD OF

TARGET LOCATION

L - TARGET LOCATION

D - TARGET DESCRIPTION

M - METHOD OF ENGAGEMENT

M - METHOD OF FIRE AND CONTROL

11

22

33

CALL FOR FIRE FORMAT

• FDC Callsign is “B1S40”

• Observer Callsign is “B1S30”

• “B1S40 de B1S30”

Use Phonetic Alphabet

I. Observer Identification

II. Warning Order

FM 6-30 pg 4-1/2

a. Type of Mission:

(1) Adjust Fire

(2) Fire For Effect

(3) Suppress

(4) Immediate Suppression

(5) Immediate Smoke

Adjust Fire

• “S40 de S30, AF, K”

Fire for Effect

•“S40 de S30, FFE, K”

B. Method of Target Location:

(1) Grid (Default.)

(2) Polar (Include Observer location.)

(3) Shift KN PT/ TGT (Include name / #.)

FM 6-30 pg 4-2

II. Warning Order(Continued)

Example Transmissions:(1) “S40 de S30, AF, K”

(2) “S40 de S30, AF, Polar, (Observer Location) AB 12345678, K”

(3) “S40 de S30, AF, Shift Known Point 1, K”

FM 6-30 pg 4-2

II. Warning Order(Continued)

• OBSERVER IDENTIFICATION

• WARNING ORDER/METHOD OF TARGET LOCATION

• TARGET LOCATION


III. Target Location

FM 6-30 pg 4-2

Grid: “Grid AB123456, K”

Polar: “Dir 310°mag, Dis 3200m, K”

Shift: “Dir 170°, L190, +400, D45, K”

• OBSERVER IDENTIFICATION

• WARNING ORDER/METHOD OF TARGET LOCATION

• TARGET LOCATION

• TARGET DESCRIPTION


IV. Target Description

Word picture of the target:•Type of Element• # of Elements•What is it doing• Degree of protection

“Infantry Platoon, stationary, i/o, K”FM 6-30 pg 4-3

(Last Mandatory CFF Element)

IV. Target Description

“Infantry Platoon, stationary, i/o, K”

FM 6-30 pg 4-3

(Last Mandatory CFF Element)

“3 Tanks, Moving on road, i/o, K”

• OBSERVER IDENTIFICATION• WARNING ORDER/METHOD OF

TARGET LOCATION• TARGET LOCATION• TARGET DESCRIPTION

• METHOD OF ENGAGEMENT


• DANGER CLOSE– 600 meters for

mortars and artillery

– 750 meters for 5” or smaller naval fire

– 1000 meters for greater than 5” less than 16” naval fire

– 2000 meters for 16” naval or MLRS fires

• MARK

• TRAJECTORY– Low Angle– High Angle

• AMMUNITION

• DISTRIBUTION– BCS Sheaf– Open– Converged– Linear

METHOD OF ENGAGEMENT

d. Trajectory:

(]) Low: Default.

(2) High: Once announced remains in effect until cancelled.

“T-62 behind hill, High Angle, K”

FM 6-30 pg 4-4 / FM 3-09.30 pg 6-6

V. Method of Engagement(Continued)

Low Angle

High Angle Fire

FM 6-30 pg 7-3 / FM 3-09.30 pg 9-8

e. Ammunition:

(1) In adjustment/In effect projectile (HE)

(2) In adjustment/In effect fuze (Q)(VT)

(3) Volume of fire in the FFE (1)

FM 6-30 pg 4-4 / FM 3-09.30 pg 6-6


Example Transmissions:

“2 Mi-24s fueling i/o, WP, 3 rds i/e, K”

“3 BMPs i/o, WP i/a, ICM i/e, K”

Ammunition

BCS Sheaf:

Distribution


DEFAULT

Computer Generated

BC Sheaf

X = Aim PointsFM 6-30 pg 4-4 / FM 3-09.30 pg 6-6

Open Sheaf

FM 6-30 pg 4-4, pg 5-7 fig 5-8 / FM 3-09.30 pg 6-6

Converged Sheaf

FM 6-30 pg 5-7

Linear Sheaf

X= Aim Points

CENTER GRID

ATTITUDE

&

LENGTH

OR TWO END POINTS

FM 6-30 pg 4-4 / Square to FM 6-20-20 pg 1-27

• OBSERVER IDENTIFICATION• WARNING ORDER/METHOD OF TARGET

LOCATION

• TARGET LOCATION

• TARGET DESCRIPTION• METHOD OF ENGAGEMENT

• METHOD OF FIRE AND CONTROL


1

2

3

• CANNOT OBSERVE

• TIME ON TARGET (TOT)

• CONTINUOUS

ILLUMINATION

• COORDINATED

ILLUMINATION

• CONTINUOUS FIRE

• CEASE LOADING

• CHECK FIRING

• AT MY COMMAND (AMC)

METHOD OF FIRE AND CONTROL

• Cease Loading:– Routine.– Target destroyed before all rounds

have been fired.– Gunline fires rounds in the howitzer

and does not load anymore rounds.

VI. Method of Fire and Control

• Check Firing:

– Big Deal! (-like calling MAYDAY!)

– All units on the net stop firing immediately.

– Gunbunnies immediately move away from howitzer, even if rounds are in the tube.

VI. Method of Fire and Control

• REPEAT

• FOLLOWED BY

• WHEN READY

(DEFAULT)

AT MY COMMAND (AMC)CANNOT OBSERVETIME ON TARGET (TOT)CONTINUOUS ILLUMINATIONCOORDINATED ILLUMINATIONCONTINUOUS FIRE CEASE LOADINGCHECK FIRING

METHOD OF FIRE AND CONTROL

Sample Grid Mission

“H16 de H34, AF, k”

“Grid AC 634328, k”

“POL site i/o, WP i/e, AMC, k”

FM 6-30 pg 4-7

Sample Polar Plot Mission1st Transmission:

“H16 de H34, AF, polar, AA12345678, k”

2nd Transmission:

“Dir 090° magnetic, Dis 3100, U40, k”

3rd Transmission:

“Infantry squad in the prone, ICM i/e, k”

FM 6-30 pg 4-8

Sample Shift Mission

“H16 de H34, AF, shift KN PT 1, k”

“DIR 010° mag, L 320, + 400, U 60, k”

“2 BMPs i/o, ICM i/e, k”

FM 6-30 pg 4-5

How many elements in a CFF?

6

How many transmissions and elements per transmission?

3 and

2, 1, & 1-3

List the six elements.

I, W, L, D, M,M

What information is contained in each element?

> I : ID

> W: AF, FFE, Immediate Suppression, Immediate Smoke, Suppression

Grid, Shift, Polar

> L: Location to match method in Warning Order

> D: Description. Incl #, size, activity, cover, etc

> M: Method of engagement. Danger close, Marking

> M: Method of Control. AMC, TOT, WR, Repeat, etc

Scrambled CFFGiven: VT i/e, AF, F23 de G46,

grid AB 462374, at my command, troops dug-in,

Answer: F23 de G46, AF, k Grid AB 462374, k Troops dug-in, VT i/e, AMC, k

Scrambled CFFGiven:

BMP with dismounts, FFE, ICM,

DIS 4600, polar, DIR 020° mag,

W18 de Z24, (obs loc) AB 12344321.

Answer:

W18 de Z24, FFE, polar, AB12344321, k

Dir 020° mag, Dis 4600, k

BMP with dismounts, ICM, k

Given: AF, shift KN PT 3, R 400, ZSU 23-4 i/o, + 800, Dir 330°mag, ICM i/e, J33 de K42

Answer: J33 de K42, AF, shift KN PT 3, k

Dir 330°mag, R 400, + 800, k

ZSU 23-4 i/o, ICM i/e, k

Scrambled CFF

Talking Dogs

QUESTIONS?QUESTIONS?

ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVE B

ACTION: List the elements of the message to observer (MTO).

CONDITION: Given a classroom and a student handout. STANDARD: 33 questions covering all material Must score 70% to achieve a GO; can miss up to 10. Failure will result in remedial training and retest. Maximum score on retest is 70%.

Message to Observer (MTO)

1. Unit to fire

2. Adjusting unit

3. Changes or additions to CFF

4. Number of rounds in FFE

5. TGT number

6. Additional information

FM 6-30 pg 4-6


1. Unit to fire Delta

2. Adjusting unit Tango

3. Changes or additions to CFF VT i/e

4. Number of rounds in FFE 3

5. TGT number AA7503

6. Additional information TOF 62

FM 6-30 pg 4-6

“MTO, D, T, VT i/e, 4 rds,

TGT # AA7732, 34 secs, K”


Example Transmission:

• READY

– Battery is laid and ready to fire

OTHER INFORMATION

• READY: Battery is laid and ready to fire

• SHOT

– Rounds are leaving the tubes

OTHER INFORMATION

• READY: Battery is laid and ready to fire• SHOT: Rounds are leaving the tubes

• SPLASH

– XMITED 5 seconds before impact

OTHER INFORMATION

• READY: Battery is laid and ready to fire• SHOT: Rounds are leaving the tubes• SPLASH: XMITED 5 seconds before impact

• ROUNDS COMPLETE

– FFE is complete

OTHER INFORMATION



1. Unit to fire Delta

2. Adjusting unit Tango

3. Changes or additions

to CFF VT i/e

4. Number of rds in FFE 3

5. TGT number AA7503

6. Additional information TOF 62

FM 6-30 pg 4-6

ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVE C

ACTION: Determine subsequent corrections.

CONDITION: Given a classroom and a student handout STANDARD: 33 questions covering all material Must score 70% to achieve a GO; can miss up to 10. Failure will result in remedial training and retest. Maximum score on retest is 70%.

OT DIR

OV ER

SHO RT

ON LINELEFT RIGHT

DOUBTFUL DOUBTFUL

RANGECORRECT

RANGECORRECT

SPOTTINGS

Observer

TGT

ON LINE AND SHORT

ADJUSTMENTS

ON LINE AND OVER

ADJUSTMENTS

Observer

TGT

RANGE CORRECT AND RIGHT

ADJUSTMENTS

Observer

TGT

RANGE CORRECT AND LEFT

ADJUSTMENTS

Observer

TGT

TGT

TARGET

ADJUSTMENTS

Observer

• FDC needs a spotting line to apply observer corrections.

• Two types:– Gun Target Line– Observer Target Line

SPOTTING LINES

• Standard spotting line for aerial observation.

• Azimuth drawn from guns to the target.

• FDC will use this if observer does not send a direction to the target.

• Standard spotting line for aerial observation.

• Azimuth drawn from guns to the target.

• FDC will use this if observer does not send a direction to the target.

GUN - TARGET (GT) LINE

• Azimuth drawn from the observer to the target.

• Allows observers to make corrections based on how they see the rounds impact in relationship to the target.

OBSERVER - TARGET (OT) LINE

• Standard spotting line for aerial observation.• Azimuth drawn from guns to the target.• FDC will use this if observer does not send a

direction to the target.

• Azimuth drawn from the observer to the target.• Allows observers to make corrections based on how they see the rounds impact in relationship to the target.

GUN - TARGET (GT) LINE

OBSERVER - TARGET (OT) LINE

Obs

erve

r-Tar

get L

ine

Gun-Target Line

Observer

TGT

SPOTTING LINES

Obs

erve

r-Tar

get L

ine

Gun-Target Line

Observer

TGT

SPOTTING LINES

Obs

erve

r-Tar

get L

ine

Gun-Target Line

Observer

TGT

SPOTTING LINES

• HEADING INDICATOR

• COMPASS

• MAP

• ESTIMATE

• Sun

• Moon

• Stars

• Moss?

DETERMINING DIRECTIONDETERMINING DIRECTION

1. Initial CFF when doing a polar mission or shift from known point.

2. First subsequent correction during a grid mission.

3. Anytime direction changes more than 10 degrees or 100 mils.

• When must direction be sent to the FDC?

DIRECTION

Once direction has been determined, send it to the FDC to the:

Nearest degree magnetic;

- or -Nearest 1 mil

- or -the FDC will use the Gun-Target line.

SUBSEQUENT CORRECTIONS

The artillery prefers to use mils because they are a more accurate form of measurement. They are more

accurate because they are a smaller increment.

360 degrees in a circle

=6400 mils in a circle

Approximately 18 mils in a degree

Did you know?

One mil of angular deviation

equals approx. one meter

of distance on the ground

at 1000 meters (1 KM).

Mil Relation Formula

The mil is used because of its accuracy and the mil relation formula, which is based on the assumption that an angle of 1 mil will subtend an arc of 1 meter at a distance of 1,000 meters.

Mils

1m 1 Meter 3 Meters2 Meters

1000 meters2000 meters

3000 meters


3150 or 5,600 mils

2700 or 4,800 mils

2250 or 4,000 mils

1800 or 3,200 mils

N

NE

SE

S

EW

SW

NW

1350 or 2,400 mils

900 or 1,600 mils

450 or 800 mils

00 or 3600

0 or 6,400 MILS

3150 or 5,600 mils

2700 or 4,800 mils

2250 or 4,000 mils

1800 or 3,200 mils

N

NE

SE

S

EW

SW

NW

1350 or 2,400 mils

900 or 1,600 mils

450 or 800 mils

00 or 3600

0 or 6,400 MILS

3150 or 5,600 mils

2700 or 4,800 mils

2250 or 4,000 mils

1800 or 3,200 mils

N

NE

SE

S

EW

SW

NW

1350 or 2,400 mils

900 or 1,600 mils

450 or 800 mils

00 or 3600

0 or 6,400 MILS

Cardinal Directions


The mil relation formula (W = R X m) has several applications in

observed fire procedures.

Determine the width of a lateral shift (W) from a known point to a new

target.

Determine deviation corrections in adjustment of fire procedures based

on deviation spotting in mils and OT distance factor.

W = R x m (mils)


Target

Observer-Target (OT) Line

W

m

Observer

R

W = R x mils

W = R X m, where

W = Lateral shift in meters (nearest 10 meters)

m = angular deviation in mils (to nearest 1 mil)

R = Range to target to the nearest 100 meters expressedIn thousands

DETERMINE MILSUsing Hand Measurement:


OBSERVER TARGET FACTOR

• Determine Range to Target.

• Divide Range by 1000.

• Round off to the nearest whole number.

– If the result is a .5, round to the nearest whole even number.


OBSERVER TARGET FACTOR

Or,

Round to the nearest KM

Remember, ½ KM

rounds to the nearest even KM.


• 2.2 =

• 5.5 =

• 4.4 =

• 4.6 =

• 8.5 =


2

64

58

Round off to the nearest whole number.

Artillery Express = If the result is a .5, round to the nearest whole even number.

• 2.6 =

• 5.4 =

• 4.5 =

• 8.3 =

• 8.9 =


3

54

89

Round off to the nearest whole number.

Artillery Express = If the result is a .5, round to the nearest whole even number.

DETERMINE DEVIATION

N

3 FINGERS

• Three fingers equals 100 mils.

• The target is 5000m away.

• Range divided by 1000 gives an OT factor of 5.

• W = R x m

• 5 x 100 = 500.

• Therefore the deviation is R 500 meters.

5000

meters

Observer

TGT


YOU DETERMINE DEVIATION

N

• Two fingers equals?

• 70 mils

• The target is how far away?

• 3400m away

• Range divided by 1000 gives an OT factor of ?

• 3.4 = 3

• Then we do what?

• 3 x 70 = 210

• Therefore the deviation is?

• 210 meters

3400

meters

Observer

TGT


2 FINGERS

R 210

CORRECTION ACCURACIES

• DEVIATION - Nearest 10 meters (until within bursting radius).

– Example: ROUND IMPACTS L125 -- R120

– Example: ROUND IMPACTS L30 -- No adjustment needed.


RANGE - Nearest 100 meters.

No correction necessary if within 50 meters.

Example:

ROUND IMPACTS OVER 340-- D300

ROUND SHORT 70M -- A100 FFE, OVER


HEIGHT OF BURST - Nearest 5 meters.

If first spotting is a ground burst, the correction will be “UP 40” – implies use of mechanical time fuse.

Aerial observer requiring an air burst should ask for fuse variable time (VT).


• DEVIATION - Nearest 10 meters (until within bursting radius).

– Example: ROUND IMPACTS L125 -- R120– Example: ROUND IMPACTS L30 -- No adjustment needed.

• RANGE - Nearest 100 meters.– No correction necessary if within 50 meters.– Example: ROUND IMPACTS OVER 340-- D300

ROUND SHORT 70M -- A100 FFE, OVER

• HEIGHT OF BURST - Nearest 5 meters.– If first spotting is a ground burst, the correction will be “UP 40” – implies use of

mechanical time fuse.– Aerial observer requiring an air burst should ask for fuse variable time (VT).

Initial Round Impacts

Observer

TGT

ONE ROUND ADJUSTMENT

N

Determine Direction

45 degrees magnetic (800 mils) to the target.

Observer-Target Line

Observer

TGT


N

Estimate Distance to Target

Range is 2200 meters.

Observer

TGT


N

Estimate Deviation Correction

OT factor =

A fist is approximately

2 X 180 =

Therefore the deviation is 360 meters.Observer

TGT


2200/1000 = 2.2 (2)

180 Mils

3602200 meters

N


The round impacted to the left of the target.

The correction is “Right 360”.

Observer

TGT


N

Estimate Range Correction

Range error is

estimated at 120 meters.

Observer

TGT


45 degrees

Observer

TGTN

Send One-Round Adjustment

What is the proper correction call?

H28 this is Y67,

Direction 045 Deg Mag,

Right 360, Add 100,

Fire for effect, over.



A round may be spotted as lost for a number of

reasons:• The round was a dud.

• Terrain prevented you from seeing it.

• Weather prevented observation (fog for example).

• Enemy fire kept you from seeing it.

• You weren’t looking in the right place at the right

time.

• The FDC or gun line made an error.

LOST ROUND PROCEDURES

LOST ROUND PROCEDURES

What should you do?

• Check your data (target location).

• Repeat with a smoke round. (Safer than moving round.)

• 200 meter air burst (better be careful aviator!!)

• Repeat.

• End the mission and start a new one.

Once you achieve the desired effects on the target it’s time for the:

1. RECORD AS TARGET (OPTIONAL)

2. END OF MISSION

3. BATTLE DAMAGE ASSESSMENT (BDA)

TERMINATION OF THE MISSION

RREMS

USE “RREMS”REFINEMENTS

“RECORD AS TARGET”

“END OF MISSION”

SURVEILLANCE (BDA)


OBSERVER:OBSERVER: RECORD AS TARGET,END OF MISSION,ESTIMATE 1 VEHICLE DESTROYED, 5 KIAS, OVER.

FDC:FDC: RECORD AS TARGET,END OF MISSION,ESTIMATE 1 VEHICLE DESTROYED, 5 KIAS,TARGET # AB7031, PV 1234 5678, OVER.

TARGET # AB7031, PV 1234 5678, OUTOBSERVER:OBSERVER:


OBSERVER:OBSERVER: END OF MISSION,

ESTIMATE 1 VEHICLE DESTROYED, 5 KIAS, OVER.

FDC:FDC: END OF MISSION,

ESTIMATE 1 VEHICLE DESTROYED, 5 KIAS, OUT.



PE in SHO?PE in SHO?

REVIEW DAY 1 REVIEW DAY 1


A A ADay 2

PE in SHO?PE in SHO?

REVIEW DAY 1 REVIEW DAY 1


What is the default target line?

Gun-Target Line.

What target line is best for an aerial observer when adjusting rounds?

Observer-Target Line.

W = R x m

R =

m =

Observer-Target Factor (OT factor)

Angle in mils.

The observed round appears to be 160m beyond the target.

+ or - _____ m?

- 200

Observer

TGT

Initial Round Impacts

ONE ROUND ADJUSTMENTONE ROUND ADJUSTMENT

Observer

TGTN

Determine Direction

039°

mag

netic

Observer-Target Line


Observer

TGTN

Estimate Distance to Target

Range is 2700 meters.


Observer

TGTN



2700

m

OT factor = 2700/1000 = 2.7 (3)

A fist is approximately 180 mils.

3 X 180 = 540 meters

Therefore the deviation is 540 meters.

Observer

TGTN


The round impacted to the left of the target.

The correction is “Left 540”.


Observer

TGTN

Estimate Range Correction

Range error is

estimated at 160 meters.


TGT

Observer

N

Send One-Round Adjustment

H28 this is Y67,

Direction 039° Mag,

Left 540, Add 200,

Fire for effect, over.



ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVE D

ACTION: Select the transmissions for a shift from known point call for fire.


KNOWN POINTS must be “known” by both the FDC and the observer.

They can be established by:

• Using terrain identifiable on a map and on the ground.

• Using a laser or G/VLLD.

• Using a target location for which you have had effects and for which the FDC has saved firing data.

SHIFT FROM A KNOWN POINT

300 meters

KNOWN DATA

TARGET

# BA1005

Range to Target is 3500 meters

N

Heading indicator shows direction to target to be 90 degrees magnetic

260 meters


Elevation 390 M

Elevation 330 M

TARGET # BA1005

M81 this is M82, adjust fire, shift BA1005, over.Direction 090 deg mag, R 300, + 300, D 60, over.Stationary SP Artillery, DPICM in effect, AMC, over.

MTO, M, A, 2 ROUNDS, TGT # AB1050, 20 SECS, OVER.


First Round Impacts

TARGET

# BA1005N


Direction 090°, Range 3500 M

Adjusting Data

Direction ? Not necessary.

L/R ?

+/- ?

U/D ?

Command ?

First Round Impacts

TARGET

# BA1005

30mils

N


Direction 090°, Range 3500 M

W = R X mW = 4 X 30 = 120 M

Adjusting Data

Direction ? No, no change

L/R ? R 120

+/- ?

U/D ?

Command ?

First Round Impacts

TARGET

# BA1005

Estimated Range is 3500.

4 x 30 = 120

Correction is:

Right 120, drop 100.

80 meters


Fire for Effect

TARGET

# BA1005

M81 this is M82, right 120, drop 100, fire for effect, over.


In what way is a shift from a known point CFF different from a grid CFF?

1. You must state “shift known point XXX” in the warning order.

2. You must give OT line, deviation, range, and height from the known point to the target in the location (second transmission.)


ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVE E

ACTION: Select the correct suppression mission.


FM 6-30 pg 4-1/2

Type of Mission

(1) Suppress

(2) Immediate Suppression

(3) Immediate Smoke

S E A D

SUPPRESSION

One One

Transmissio

n

Transmissio

n Pre-Planned

S E A D

Time on Target (TOT)

On Call

SUPPRESSION – T O T

• SEAD along route of flight

• LZ preparation

• SEAD around LZ

“M81 this is M82,

Suppress AB1234 over.”

Suppression missions are utilized against a PLANNED target to limit the enemy’s ability to operate for a specified period of time. You will

generally receive HE/VT or smoke.

SUPPRESSION

IMMEDIATE SUPPRESSION

One One

Transmissio

n

Transmissio

n

“M81 this is M82,

Immediate Suppression,

PK123456, over.”

- To assist the friendly element in disengaging from the enemy.

- Utilized against an UNPLANNED target.

- You will generally receive HE/VT.

One One

Transmissio

n

Transmissio

n

IMMEDIATE SUPPRESSION

IMMEDIATE SMOKE

“M81 this is M82,

Immediate Smoke,

PK 123456 over.”

• Employed against a planned or unplanned

target.

• Purpose: to suppress the enemy by obscuring his vision for a short period of time.

• (Max Diameter = 150m)

IMMEDIATE SMOKE


What is the purpose of Immediate suppression/smoke and

suppression calls for fire?

To break contact and relocate and/or continue your mission.

Immediate suppression/smoke is preplanned. True or false?

False.

What are the two ways to execute a preplanned suppression mission?

TOT or ON Call

You are unexpectedly engaged and forced to take cover.

What call would you send to break contact and continue your mission?

Arty de AVN, Immediate suppression/smoke, Grid AB 123456, K

You have planned a suppression mission for a possible threat. How would you call to execute

this mission?

Guns de Aviator,

Suppress, AB 1234, K

ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVE F

ACTION: Select the correct call for fire format and make appropriate adjustments for a Danger Close mission.

CONDITION: Given a classroom and a student handout. STANDARD: 33 questions covering all material Must score 70% to achieve a GO; can miss up to 10. Failure will result in remedial training and retest. Maximum score on retest is 70%.

“Danger Close” is announced in the method of engagement when rounds will impact within certain distances of friendly units.

DANGER CLOSE

• “Danger Close” is announced in the method of engagement.

• All howitzers will fire in the adjustment phase of a Danger Close mission.

• Danger Close criteria is dependent on the weapon

system/munition that is being employed.

• 600 meters for mortars and artillery

• 750 meters for 5” or smaller naval fire

• 1000 meters for greater than 5” less than 16” naval fire

• 2000 meters for 16” naval or MLRS fires

DANGER CLOSE

• Creeping Fires are used in danger close missions.

• Corrections should be made by creeping the fires to the target by using corrections of 100 meters or less if the rounds are moving toward friendly locations.

• If correction moves the impact outside of danger close range the observer should announce “CANCEL DANGER CLOSE”.

DANGER CLOSE

400 m

M81 this is M22, adjust fire, over.

PV 123 567, over.

Infantry Squad in the open, Danger Close, AMC, over.175 m

DANGER CLOSE

400 m

M81 this is M22, 135o degrees magnetic, right 100, over.

135 degrees magnetic

175 m

DANGER CLOSE

400 meters

100 meters

M81 this is M22, right 100, FFE, over.

135 degrees magnetic

Enemy has moved 25 meters forward in it’s assault of our

friendly location.

DANGER CLOSE

400 meters

DANGER CLOSE

M81 this is M22, EOM, six KIAs, over.

• There are special considerations when using improved conventional munitions in a danger close mission.

• Start the adjustment at least 600 meters from friendly troops.

• Pay particular attention to wind speed and direction.

• Adjust with the entire battery, making corrections based on the “near” edge of the effects pattern.

DANGER CLOSE

I THUNDER 35 de SABER 14,W FFE k

L PA 35642177 k

D 7 dismounts i/oM Danger Close, HE,M AT MY COMMAND k

CALL FOR FIRE

• Each weapon should be adjusted into place.

• FPF is announced instead of a target description.

• Attitude and Danger Close are announced in the method of engagement.

• Start adjusting with the FLANK piece impacting CLOSEST to friendlies.

FINAL PROTECTIVE FIREFINAL PROTECTIVE FIRE

• A FPF is an immediately available preplanned barrier of direct and indirect fire designed to provide close protection to friendly positions.

Final Protective Fire

OP

16

I THUNDER 35 de SABER 14,W FFE k

L PA 35642177 k

D Final Protective Fire,M Linear Sheaf, 130° mag, 600M, Danger Close,M AT MY COMMAND k

CALL FOR FIRE

ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVE G

ACTION: Select the appropriate call for fire for a marking round mission.

CONDITION: Given a classroom and a student handout. STANDARD: 33 questions covering all material.

Must score 70% to achieve a GO; can miss up to 10. Failure will result in remedial training and retest.

Maximum score on retest is 70%.

FSCLFLOT

xxx

Used When Visibility is Poor,

on Deceptive Terrain, Unreliable maps

PRIMARILYIN CONJUNCTION WITH THE EXECUTION

OF A CLOSE AIR SUPPORT MISSION

MARKING ROUNDSMARKING ROUNDS

Description of the Target (None given) D

Method of Engagement Marking round, WP, M

Method of Fire and Control At my command, over. M

First TransmissionFirst TransmissionObserver Identification: M81 this is M82, I

Warning Order: FFE (or AF), over. W

Second TransmissionSecond TransmissionTarget Location: PK 495 197, over. L

Third TransmissionThird Transmission

MARKING ROUNDS

MARKING ROUND(HEXOCHLOROETHANE (HC) SMOKE)

Ground Burst• UP 100

Canisters bouncing excessively• UP 50

Canisters too spread out• DOWN 50

MARKING ROUNDS

MARKING ROUND(GROUND BURST ILLUMINATION)

•Determine DOWN correctionby measuring how far abovethe ground the flare ignited.

•Height of burst correctionssent to the nearest 50 meters.

MARKING ROUNDS


In a CFF, what is the correct descriptionfor a marking round?

There is no target to describe.

In what element of the CFF do you announce “mark or marking round?”

In the method of engagement.


A A ADay 3

ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVE H

ACTION: Determine the trigger point for a close air support marking round mission.

CONDITION: Without the use of notes.

STANDARD: IAW FM 6-30.

Description of the Target (None given) D

Method of Engagement Marking round, WP, M

Method of Fire and Control At my command, over. M

First TransmissionFirst TransmissionObserver Identification: M81 this is M82, I

Warning Order: FFE (or AF), over. W

Second TransmissionSecond TransmissionTarget Location: PK 495 197, over. L

Third TransmissionThird Transmission

MARKING ROUNDS

CAS Execution with Non- Joint Terminal Attack Controller

Personnel• Air Force considers this Emergency CAS

• Units with a reasonable expectation to conduct terminal attack control need to have certified JTAC/Joint Forward Observer (JFO) available.

• In rare circumstances, the ground commander might require CAS when no JTAC is available.

• • Non-JTAC controllers must clearly state to

attacking aircraft that they are “non-JTAC qualified.”

• Ground personnel will:– Identify themselves as “non-JTAC

qualified” on aircraft check-in.

– Make every effort to involve a qualified JTAC / JFO in the situation.

– Provide as much of the 9-Line briefing as possible.

– As a minimum, pass target elevation, target location, target description, and restrictions.


CAS Aircrew in this situation will:

– Make every effort to involve a qualified JTAC / JFO in the situation.

– Be prepared to “PULL” information to complete critical portions of the CAS briefing.

– Exercise vigilance with target identification, weapons effects, and friendly location.


Personnel

• Contact Point (CP): The point at which communications is established between the CAS flight leader and the CAS controller.• Initial communications established between the aircraft and the JFO/Joint Terminal Air Controller (JTAC). • Pilot sends the CAS check-in Brief. • Observer/JTAC sends the situational update to pilot.

CONTACT POINT (CP)

AIRCRAFT: (Cool Army Aviator) de Warthog MSN # A1572 A-10sCurrently located W of Faluja 14NMEach Aircraft has 1 30mm gun and 4 MK84 2000lbsWe have approximately 20 min of playtimeAbort code-AerosmithOver

Example Check in brief.

YOU: There is no qualified J-TAC/JFO in area.RPGs located around target.Size: TGT is a small pick up truck with dismounts.Activity: They are observing a green zone.Location: TGT Location is MB 4018 8831.Uniform: Civilian Attire.Time: Time now.Equipment: RPG, AK-47, Civilian vehicle.Friendly units are 1 Kiowa circling vic grid MB 3914 9030. Artillery will have shot one marking round before your arrival to the target area.3BCT commander has giving me approval for final clearance.4 2000lbs.No restrictions.No Hazards, k

EXAMPLE Sit. Update

Determining Initial Point

• Initial Point (IP). The geographic location over which the aircraft will loiter/hold awaiting permission to start its timed run to the TGT.

• An effective and efficient method for selecting an IP is to anchor the location of that IP off of the target.

• When CAS aircraft are passed to a JTAC from a contact point, the JTAC should immediately pass target coordinates (precise if able) to those CAS players

• Then anchor their initial point of the target with a direction and distance.

Determining Initial Point (IP)

• The JTAC selects the IP based on

– enemy threat capabilities

– target orientation

– friendly location

– weather

– aircraft capabilities

–fire support coordination requirements

Keyhole Method

• Letters ABCD represent NESW and TGT

• Give direction and distance

• Example• A8 = North of target

8 NM.

Example Transmission

• JTAC: “Warthog 11, advise when ready to copy target coordinates.”

• Aircraft: “Warthog 11, ready to copy.”• JTAC: “Ten-digit grid to follow. NU 87138 50874,

elevation 1456.”• Aircraft: “I copy NU 87138 50874, elevation 1456.”• JTAC: “Warthog 11, proceed to Alpha 8, angels 15,

report established.”• Aircraft: “Warthog 11, established Alpha 8, angels

15.”

Close Air Support 9-Line Briefing

• Do not transmit line numbers.

• Units of measure are standard unless briefed.

• Lines 4, 6, and restrictions are mandatory read back.

• JTAC may request additional read back.

Example 9 line brief

AIRCRAFT: (CAA) de Death Stalker 6 XXXX X established.YOU: Good CopyYOU: Warthog 11 de (CAA)“Type 2 Control no qualified JTAC or JFO”1. IP/BP: XXXX X2. Heading: XXX3. Distance: X4*. Target Elevation: XXX (In feet MSL)5. Target Description: 1 small pickup truck w/ dismounts.6*. Target Location: MB 4018 88317. Type Mark: Artillery WP8. Location of Friendlies: W 2000m9. “Egress: Back to IPRemarks (as appropriate): 4 2000lbs

• Observer/JTAC initiates the Marking Round mission.

- They will receive the TOF in the MTO.- Buildup time is standard.

• Ask the Pilot for the IP to Target run time.

• Calculate the time trigger to send command “FIRE”

Arrival/Holding at Initial Point (IP)

IP Target Area

120 SECONDS

TOF)RUN TIME (BUILD UP TIME +_

MARKING ROUND TIMING

IP Target Area

120 SECONDS

RUN TIME (BUILD UP TIME + TOF)

120 SEC (from Pilot)

20 SEC (WP)

20 SEC (MTO)

_


IP Target Area

120 SECONDS

RUN TIME (BUILD UP TIME + TOF)

BACK OFF TIME = 120 – ( 20 + 20) = 80 SEC

Trigger Point = 80 seconds

Send command “FIRE” to the FDC 80 seconds after aircraft reports “DEPARTING IP”.

_


• Clear the pilot to depart the IP.• Start count down for the time trigger for the command to “fire” when the pilot reports departure.• Send the command to “fire”.• Observe the round impact.

Execution of CAS

Orient the flight leader onto the TGT based upon the location of the marking round by one of the following:

1. Direct the pilot to the marking round using clock direction with the nose of the aircraft at 12 o’clock.

2. Direct the pilot from the marking round to the target using cardinal directions and distance in meters. (Cardinal directions are north, east, south, west, northeast, northwest, etc.)

Target Area


3150 or 5,600 mils

2700 or 4,800 mils

2250 or 4,000 mils

1800 or 3,200 mils

N

NE

SE

S

EW

SW

NW

1350 or 2,400 mils

900 or 1,600 mils

450 or 800 mils

00 or 3600

0 or 6,400 MILS

3150 or 5,600 mils

2700 or 4,800 mils

2250 or 4,000 mils

1800 or 3,200 mils

N

NE

SE

S

EW

SW

NW

1350 or 2,400 mils

900 or 1,600 mils

450 or 800 mils

00 or 3600

0 or 6,400 MILS

3150 or 5,600 mils

2700 or 4,800 mils

2250 or 4,000 mils

1800 or 3,200 mils

N

NE

SE

S

EW

SW

NW

1350 or 2,400 mils

900 or 1,600 mils

450 or 800 mils

00 or 3600

0 or 6,400 MILS

Cardinal Directions

• CARDINAL DIRECTION/DISTANCE

Northeast 500 meters

12

ORIENTATION TO THE TARGET

Final Clearance

• Once Pilot has identified Target send“CLEARED HOT”

• You can abort the mission any time before ordinance is released by announcing "ABORT" or the abort code sent in the 9-Line brief.

• Assess if target needs to be re-attacked

– If JTAC/JFO or Pilot feel target needs to be re-attacked announce:

"CLEARED FOR RE-ATTACK".


One of those days; just going along minding my own business …….then

WHACK!!!

What times are required to compute a trigger point for a CAS mission?

1. Aircraft run time.

2. Round TOF.

3. Build up time.

What is the formula for a CAS trigger point?

Run time - (TOF + Build up time) = Trigger point.


Map, pen, protractor.Lamp on.

Map, pen, protractor.Lamp on.

CFFT PECFFT PE

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