LEARNING A FOREIGN LANGUAGE TIME 1: ?
- Меnd.- Mend. - Chini nern kemb? - Mini nern Kermen. Chini nern kemb? - Mini nern Anton.- Tanla tanldkhdan bairldzhanav!- Tanla tanldkhdan bairldzhanav!
Magdalena Fijalkowska, Warsaw Summer School 2012
REPUBLIC OF KALMYKIA
Magdalena Fijalkowska, Warsaw Summer School 2012
POLAND
Magdalena Fijalkowska, Warsaw Summer School 2012
YOU1. Find someone who was born in the
same month as you.2. Find someone who likes the same food.3. Find someone who likes your favourite
movie.4. Find someone who likes your favourite
book.5. Find someone who has similar hobbies
as yourself.Magdalena Fijalkowska, Warsaw Summer School 2012
YOU AS A TEACHER1. What does your classroom look like?2. What’s the most important thing about your
lessons?3. What’s necessary for students to be
successful?4. What are your favourite activities?5. How do you feel about using technology in
the classroom?6. How do you and your students feel in class,
before and after?Magdalena Fijalkowska, Warsaw Summer School 2012
YOUR TEACHING ASSOCIATIONS?
,
Magdalena Fijalkowska, Warsaw Summer School 2012
YOUR ELT GURUS
Magdalena Fijalkowska, Warsaw Summer School 2012
LEARNING A FOREIGN LANGUAGE TIME 2: LATIN
Errare humanum est.Veritas vos liberabit.Vox populi vox dei.Amor vincit omnia.Facta non verba.In vino veritas.Memento mori.Tempus fugit.
Nil desperandum.Docendo discimus.
Magdalena Fijalkowska, Warsaw Summer School 2012
METHODS, APPROACHES, PROCEDURES, TECHNIQUES
?
Magdalena Fijalkowska, Warsaw Summer School 2012
METHODS, APPROACHES, PROCEDURES, TECHNIQUES
•Approach – theories about the nature of language and language learning; it describes how people learn languages and conditions for successful learning•Method – practical realization of the approach; a set of procedures and techniques•Technique – e.g. running dictation or silent viewing•Procedure – an ordered sequence of technique
Magdalena Fijalkowska, Warsaw Summer School 2012
What is a BLT sandwich?
Magdalena Fijalkowska, Warsaw Summer School 2012
What is a BLT sandwich?
Magdalena Fijalkowska, Warsaw Summer School 2012
ELT BLTs
PPP, TTT, ARC, DOGME, TPR, CLL, TBL, ESA, CLIL, 121, LAD
Magdalena Fijalkowska, Warsaw Summer School 2012
ELT METHODS TIMELINE1800190019301945195019701980199020002010
Magdalena Fijalkowska, Warsaw Summer School 2012
ELT METHODS TIMELINE
1800 Grammar Translation1900 Direct Method
1930 The Oral Approach/Situational Language Learning
1945 The Audio-Lingual Method1950 Silent Way
Magdalena Fijalkowska, Warsaw Summer School 2012
ELT METHODS TIMELINE1970 Suggestopedia
1970 Total Physical Response1970 Neuro Linguistic Programming
1977 The Natural Approach1980 Communicative Approach
1983 Multiple Intelligences1987 Task Based Learning
1990 Lexical Approach2002 Dogme
Magdalena Fijalkowska, Warsaw Summer School 2012
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fOF0UIk1YBM
Magdalena Fijalkowska, Warsaw Summer School 2012
LEARNING A FOREIGN LANGUAGE TIME 3: GERMAN
Ein Mann geht ins Lokal,sucht die Dame seiner Wahl.
Und mit Worten oed und schalbringt dieselbe er zu Fall.
Und das geht so:Dideldum didieldei,
ist da noch ein Platzerl frei?So allein, schoene Frau?Mei san ihre Augen blau!
Tirili, irgendwie,tirilo,kenn' ich Sie von irgendwo.
Schalali, schalala,Herr Ober, bringen's uns no zwa!!
Pommery, Pommeru,stoss' ma an und sog'n ma Du!
Und weil wir so einsam san,trink' ma aus und geh'n ma ham.
Magdalena Fijalkowska, Warsaw Summer School 2012
Magdalena Fijalkowska, Warsaw Summer School 2012
DIRECT METHOD• the Natural Method (Saveur) leading to the Direct
Method (Berlitz) 1900s• revolutionary, encouraging direct and spontaneous
use of language• classroom instructions only in target language• only every day vocabulary and sentences taught• oral progression through systematic question-answer
exchanges between teacher and students• use of demonstration, objects, pictures
Magdalena Fijalkowska, Warsaw Summer School 2012
Magdalena Fijalkowska, Warsaw Summer School 2012
THE ORAL APPROACH / SITUATIONAL LANGUAGE LEARNING
• movement lead by Palmer and Hornby in 1930s
• vocabulary control (frequency studies)• focus on grammar content selection (spoken
language grammar)• principles of selection, gradation, presentation• new language practised situationally
Magdalena Fijalkowska, Warsaw Summer School 2012
LEARNING A FOREIGN LANGUAGE TIME 4: FRENCH
Magdalena Fijalkowska, Warsaw Summer School 2012
Magdalena Fijalkowska, Warsaw Summer School 2012
Magdalena Fijalkowska, Warsaw Summer School 2012
Magdalena Fijalkowska, Warsaw Summer School 2012
Magdalena Fijalkowska, Warsaw Summer School 2012
Magdalena Fijalkowska, Warsaw Summer School 2012
Magdalena Fijalkowska, Warsaw Summer School 2012
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CpoLxEN54ho
Magdalena Fijalkowska, Warsaw Summer School 2012
AUDIO- LINGUALISM
•1945•stems from behaviourist models of learning•stimulus – response – reinforcement•drills used to form habits•language de-contextualised
Magdalena Fijalkowska, Warsaw Summer School 2012
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=85P7dmPHtso
Magdalena Fijalkowska, Warsaw Summer School 2012
THE SILENT WAY
•by Caleb Gategno, 1950s•teacher says as little as possible•learner discovers and creates language•learner in the driving seat, teacher facilitates•Cuisenaire rods, pointing at objects
Magdalena Fijalkowska, Warsaw Summer School 2012
Magdalena Fijalkowska, Warsaw Summer School 2012
NOAM CHOMSKY ON LANGUAGE ACQUISITION CARTOON
1950-1970s
Magdalena Fijalkowska, Warsaw Summer School 2012
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WVfrrGOnFJk&feature=related
What are the main points?
NOAM CHOMSKY THEORY OF ACQUISITION
• 1950s – 1970s• principle of innateness• children have natural pre-condition for language
learning• babies are born with the innate knowledge of
language structure• LAD is a mental model of how languages work
Magdalena Fijalkowska, Warsaw Summer School 2012
STEPHEN KRAHSEN ON LANGUAGE ACQUISITION 1970-80s
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NiTsduRreug
Magdalena Fijalkowska, Warsaw Summer School 2012
LEARNING A FOREIGN LANGUAGE TIME 6: ENGLISHan outrageous statement
the age of individual variationdigest food
to point out counter examplescomprehensible input
come as a bit of surpriseemerge gradually
break into component partssilent period
teacher’s faultaffective filter hypothesis
Magdalena Fijalkowska, Warsaw Summer School 2012
THE NATURAL APPROACH
• By Steven Krashen, 1970s• all students learn in the same way• comprehensible input in a low anxiety
environment• speaking does not help learning• the quiet listening stage• motivation / self-esteem / zero anxiety
Magdalena Fijalkowska, Warsaw Summer School 2012
LEARNING A FOREIGN LANGUAGE TIME 7: ITALIANO
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DlOO-EkdTCM
CANTARE CHITARRA PIANO ITALIANOBUON GIORNO AL DENTE PRESIDENTE
FINESTRA ARTISTI AMORE MARIA MALINCONIACAFE RISTRETTO
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=frr65AEiFs8
Magdalena Fijalkowska, Warsaw Summer School 2012
OVER TO YOU
NLPMI
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QeyQ9Rk9Zvk
Magdalena Fijalkowska, Warsaw Summer School 2012
Magdalena Fijalkowska, Warsaw Summer School 2012
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NRJG7fLpm1c&feature=related
Magdalena Fijalkowska, Warsaw Summer School 2012
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yX4JFEUgqlg Lonny Gold 1/5 Lonny loves teaching and baroque music
SUGGESTOPAEDIA• by Georgi Lozanov, 1970s• physical surroundings and atmosphere in the
classroom• ‘infantilisation’, parent-teacher relationship• part 1: oral review, previously learnt material
used for discussion• part 2: presentation and discussion of new
dialogue material• part 3: ‘concert’ – baroque music and listening
to teacher reading the dialogue• music frequently used in class
Magdalena Fijalkowska, Warsaw Summer School 2012
LEARNING A FOREIGN LANGUAGE TIME 8 MAYBE
Magdalena Fijalkowska, Warsaw Summer School 2012
TOTAL PHYSICAL RESPONSE• by James Asher• foreign language learning similar to first language
acquisition• actions, physical response• language processing matched with physical
response• pre-speaking stage important• http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=bkMQXFOqyQA [Gerngross]
Magdalena Fijalkowska, Warsaw Summer School 2012
Magdalena Fijalkowska, Warsaw Summer School 2012
Magdalena Fijalkowska, Warsaw Summer School 2012
Nim Chimpsky
The story of Nim, the chimpanzee who in the 1970s became the focus of a landmark experiment which aimed to show that an ape could learn to communicate with language if raised and nurtured like a human child.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=endscreen&NR=1&v=-qXJMFxiEyU
Magdalena Fijalkowska, Warsaw Summer School 2012
LEARNING A FOREIGN LANGUAGE TIME 9: ENGLISH
Magdalena Fijalkowska, Warsaw Summer School 2012
Magdalena Fijalkowska, Warsaw Summer School 2012
COMMUNITY LANGUAGE LEARNING
• by Charles Curran, a Jesuit priest and professor in psychology in Chicago
• students sit in a circle• students decide what they want to talk about• a counsellor standing on the outside provides
correct language• students utterances recorded to be analyzed
later• class is ‘community’
Magdalena Fijalkowska, Warsaw Summer School 2012
HUMANISTIC TEACHING• influenced by CLL and Suggestopaedia• Caring and Sharing in the Foreign Language
Classroom, Gertrude Moscowitz• making students feel good and remember happy
times while at the same time practising the language
• working with real lives and feelings• using the students themselves as the topic[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6s3XAtfG0Q]
Magdalena Fijalkowska, Warsaw Summer School 2012
THE COMMUNICATIVE APPROACH
• a desire to communicate• a communicative purpose• content not form• variety of language• no teacher intervention• no materials control
Magdalena Fijalkowska, Warsaw Summer School 2012
PRESENTATION, PRACTICE, PRODUCTION
•A variation on audio-lingualism•a situation gives context•P: presentation makes use of a picture•P: cue-response drill practice•P: production: immediate creativity
Magdalena Fijalkowska, Warsaw Summer School 2012
TBL - TASK BASED LEARNING
• popularized by N Prabhu, working with schools in India 1985
• focus on non-linguistic problem• deep end strategy• stages: pre-task / task cycle / language focus• teacher no longer in controlhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QirhNeIwQ0w
Magdalena Fijalkowska, Warsaw Summer School 2012
WWW
Magdalena Fijalkowska, Warsaw Summer School 2012
Magdalena Fijalkowska, Warsaw Summer School 2012
THE INTERNET
The commercialization of what was by the 1990s an international network resulted in its popularization and incorporation into virtually every aspect of modern human life. As of 2011, more than 2.2 billion people – nearly a third of Earth's population — use the services of the Internet.[1]
Magdalena Fijalkowska, Warsaw Summer School 2012
MOVIES INSPIRED ELT METHODOLOGY?
Dogme'95 is the movement of filmmaking within avant-garde. The movement started in 1995 by Lars Von Trier and Thomas Vinterberg, Danish directors and creators of the Vow of Chastity, a signed transcript for all Dogme'95 Filmmakers to certify that their work follows the Dogme'95 manifesto and rules. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9pZXZbLCEJ0
Magdalena Fijalkowska, Warsaw Summer School 2012
OVER TO YOU
CLILDOGME
Magdalena Fijalkowska, Warsaw Summer School 2012
DOGME, SCOTT THORNBURY
• popularized by Scott Thornbury (2002)• interactivity and engagement• dialogic processes and scaffolded
conversations• emergence, affordance• voice, empowerement• critical use, relevance
Magdalena Fijalkowska, Warsaw Summer School 2012
CONTENT AND LANGUAGE INTEGRATED LEARNING
• foreign language used as the medium to introduce curriculum subjects
• e.g. Vichy France, Nazi Germany, the Spanish Civil War
• builds intercultural knowledge and understanding• develops intercultural communication skills• increases learners' motivation and confidence in
both the language and the subject being taught
Magdalena Fijalkowska, Warsaw Summer School 2012
THE SECRET HISTORY OF METHODSSCOTT THORNBURY AT NEW SCHOOL,
NEW YORK
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L2q9B2BEV2U
Magdalena Fijalkowska, Warsaw Summer School 2012
Magdalena Fijalkowska, Warsaw Summer School 2012
HOW DO TEENAGERS LEARN TODAY?sourrounded by info, news, films in English
modern toolscuriosty
independencein need of entertainment
in need of respectteacher as a facebook friend
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0BxckAMaTDc
Magdalena Fijalkowska, Warsaw Summer School 2012
Magdalena Fijalkowska, Warsaw Summer School 2012
Magdalena Fijalkowska, Warsaw Summer School 2012
KHAN ACADEMY
http://www.khanacademy.org/talks-and-interviews/v/khan-academy--the-future-of-education
1.What’s different about it?2.What’s the role of the teacher?3.What are the implications for ELT?
Magdalena Fijalkowska, Warsaw Summer School 2012
Magdalena Fijalkowska, Warsaw Summer School 2012
WHY ARE WE DOING IT?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iiJmiyI6rDM&feature=youtu.be
Magdalena Fijalkowska, Warsaw Summer School 2012
Magdalena Fijalkowska, Warsaw Summer School 2012