A Brief Review on: Evolution of Communication Technologies

Presentation On

Presented By: Radha R. Mahalle1st Year M.tech (ESC)Id:16055017

Guided By: Prof. S.S. MathurkarAssistant Prof.(Electronic and telecommu.Dept.)

Government College of Engineering, Amravati (An autonomous Institute of Government of Maharashtra)

Courtesy: Reference[11]

Contents

o Introductiono Literature Reviewo Types of Communication channelso Wired communication Technologyo Wireless communication Technologyo M2M Communication Technologyo Internet of Thingso Future Scopeo Conclusiono References

Introduction

o The transfer of data between point to point or multipoint communication is done by using transmitter and receiver.

o Examples of such: optical fiber, copper wires, wireless communication channels ,etc.

o Data is represented as an electromagnetic signal, such as voltage, microwave, etc.

Fig: Block Diagram of Communication System

Transmitter Channel Receiver

Noise

Sr No Paper Title Author Year of Publication

Conclusion

1 Comparisons of wired and wireless

network:A Review

1.Navpreet Kaur2.Sangeeta

Monga

2014 The wired Computer Networks provide a secure and faster means of connectivity but the need of mobility i.e. anywhere, anytime and anyone access is tilting the network users towards wireless technology. Wireless technology has high mobility.

2. Comparative Study of Communication Technologies for Power Optimized Automation Systems: AReview and Implementation

Amol Baviskar, Jaypal Baviskar, Swapnil Wagh, Afshan Mulla, Piyush Dave

2015 The paper summarizes all the specifications and features provided by ZigBee, UWB, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, GSM, Z-Wave and Insteon technologies. It gives information about applications which are specific to automation sector and provides suitablestandards to be deployed

Literature Review

Sr No.

Paper Title Author Name Year of Publication

Conclusion

3 The Evolution of M2M into IoT

1. Mahbubul Alam

2. Rasmus H. Nielsen

3. Neeli R. Prasad

2013 In this Some of the considerations to be made when moving from M2M and into the commercialization of IoT as it is envisioned.

4. A Survey on IOT Architecture,

Protocols,Applications,

Security, Privacy, Real-world

Implementation and future trends.

1. Surapon Kraijak,

2. Panwit Tuwanut1

2015 The paper describes the evolution and how important of IoT in daily life, the generic architecture, its most widely used protocols,numerous possible applications, future trends.

5 Internet of Things: Comparative Study on Classification

Algorithms (k-NN, Naive Bayes and

Case based Reasoning)

1. Roshna Chettri

2. Shrijana Pradhan

3. Lekhika Chettri

November 2015

Among three algorithm that have been discussed case base

reasoning is better according to study as case base reasoning

reduces the computational time and solve more complicated cases and also work with the huge data .

Literature Review

Types Of Communication Channel

Communication Channel

Wireless ChannelWired Channel

o A channel is way to convey a messageo It refers to either a physical transmission such as a wire or to a logical

connection over a multiplexed medium such as a radio channelo Modes of transmission are: simplex, half duplex or full duplexo Types of transmission are: parallel and serial

Wired communication technology

o Wired technology is more associated with wired communication i.e. it uses the wired channel

o Wired communication refers to the transmission of data over a wire-based communication technology.

o Examples include telephone networks, cable television or internet access, and fiber-optic communication

Courtesy: Reference[10]

o Advantages1.Security-it offers a more secure connection2. Reliability-offers a more reliable connection3. High Speed Communication e.g: Cat5 ethernet cabling runs at 100Mbps or 1Gbps speed

o Disadvantages1. Large Number of physical Connections Required2. More expensive to set up3. More time consuming

Wired communication technology

o The term wireless refers to the communication over a distance without requiring wires, cables.

o Information is transmitted through air, without requiring any cables by using electro-magnetic waves like radio frequencies, infrared, satellite etc.

o There are many wireless communication technologies such as wifi, bluetooth, zig-bee, wi-max etc

courtesy: Mtz&Rdz´s company

Wireless communication technology

o Comparison of Wireless Technologies

Parameter Bluetooth Zig-Bee Wi-fi Wi-Max

IEEE Standard IEEE 802.15.1

IEEE 802.15.4

IEEE 802.11 a/b/g

 IEEE 802.16

Frequency Band 2.4 GHz 2.4 GHz 2.4 GHz to5 GHz

2 - 11GHz ;10 – 66GHz

Speed 0.75 Mbps 250 Kbps 54Mbps Up to 80Mbps

Access Technique

TDMA CSMA-CA CSMA-CA SOFDMA

Rang 10Meter 10 to 20 Meters

100Meter 50Km

Wireless communication technology

o A machine-to-machine (M2M) refers direct connections between devices (e.g., sensors, vending machines ,vehicles ,etc).

o Cellular wireless technologies will be a potential candidate for providing the last mile M2M connectivity.

o Example: Telemedicine is a common area in which the M2M is uses. courtesy: Reference [9]

M2M Technology

o The Internet of things  is the interworking of physical devices, vehicles ,buildings and other items embedded with electronics, software, sensors, actuators, and network connectivity that enable these objects to collect and exchange data.

o The IoT is Based On the M2M Connections between the various devices, sensors, software etc.

Courtesy: Reference[ 7]

Internet of Things(IoT)

Fig: The Five layer architecture of IoT

Business Layer

Middleware Layer

Network Layer

Perception Layer

Application Layer

o Architecture of IoT :

Internet of Things(IoT)

o IoT Protocols

Most frequently used protocols for making Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communication in IoT are:

1. MQTT (Message Queue Telemetry Transport)

• MQTT is a subscribes messaging transport protocol. The protocol runs over TCP/IP or over other network protocol that provided ordered, lossless, bi-directional connections.

• It provides Features of one-to-many message distribution

• It also required less bandwidth and low power as compare to the http

Internet of Things(IoT)

2. CoAP (Constraint Application Protocol)

• CoAP is a specialized web transfer protocol for use with constrained nodes and constrained networks

• CoAP provides a request and response interaction model between application end points

• CoAP is designed to friendly interface with HTTP for integration with the Web while meeting specialized requirements such as multicast support, very low overhead and simplicity for constrained environments

Internet of Things(IoT)

o Algorithms for IoT

The Algorithms used for computing of data in IoT are:

1. K-nearest neighbors algorithm

2. Case Based Reasoning

3. Naive Bayes

Internet of Things(IoT)

1. K-nearest neighbors algorithm• KNN is an non parametric lazy algorithm.

• K decides how many neighbors influence in the classification, this is usually an odd number

Name Acid durability (X1)

Strength (X2)

Class

Type-1 7 7 Bad

Type-2 7 4 Bad

Type-3 3 4 Good

Type-4 1 4 Good

Task: For Type-5 Tissue, Find Class for Acid durability(X) = 3 Strength(Y)=7

Example:

Internet of Things(IoT)

Step1: Calculate Distance

Formula: D=squrt((X1-X)²+(X2-Y)²), Where, X=3 and Y=7

Name Acid durability (X1)

Strength (X2)

Distance(D)=squrt((X1-X)²+(X2-Y)²)

Type-1 7 7 Squrt((7-3)²+(7-7)²)=4

Type-2 7 4 5

Type-3 3 4 3

Type-4 1 4 3.6

Distance Rank It is included in 3 nearest Neighbor

4 3 Yes

5 4 No

3 1 Yes

3.6 2 Yes

Step2: Determine Nearest Neighbor Now Cosider K=3

Internet of Things(IoT)

Name Acid durability

(X1)

Strength (X2)

Distance Rank It is included in 3 nearest Neighbor

Category Z

Type-1 7 7 4 3 Yes Bad

Type-2 7 4 5 4 No ---

Type-3 3 4 3 1 Yes Good

Type-4 1 4 3.6 2 Yes Good

Step3: Gather the Category Z of the nearest neighbor

Step4: Use simple majority of the category of the nearest neighbor

We have seen that there are two goods and one bad, the prediction is based on the. Therefore the type-5 tissue is belongs to Class-Good.

Internet of Things(IoT)

Future Scope

o IoT will derive the future technology, with various innovation and creative product.

o The IoT can be used different sectors, the IoT based smart home will save power consumption up to 10%

o Following subsection show three example of the IoT trend will matter:- Low power sensing unit- High Efficiency in connectivity- Reliable communication

Conclusions

o Wired technology is more secure, reliable, cheaper and has higher data transmission rates over wireless technology but one huge advantage that has made wireless technology popular is mobility

o M2M provides connectivity between the various devices for exchanging the data, using wired and wireless technologies.

o M2M technology is base of the IoT, if the IoT is tree then the roots of that tree are nothing but the M2M

o We can implements the IoT in various application such as smart city, smart parking, smart hospital, smart home etc

References

Papers: [1] Navpreet Kaur, Sangeeta Monga(2014) Comparison of Wired and Wireless Network :A Review Kaur et al., International Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology E-ISSN 0976-3945 Int J Adv Engg Tech/Vol. V/Issue II/April-June,2014/34-35

[2] Amol Baviskar, Jaypal Baviskar, Swapnil Wagh, Afshan Mulla, Piyush Dave (2015) Comparative Study of Communication Technologies for Power Optimized Automation Systems: A Review and Implementation. 2015 Fifth International Conference on Communication Systems and Network Technologies.

 [3] Mahbubul Alam, Rasamus H. Nielsen, Neeli R Prasad (2013) The Evolution Of M2M into IoT . First International Black Sea Conference on Communications and Networking (BlackSeaCom)

[4] Surapon Kraijak, Panwit Tuwanut(2015) A survey on IoT  architectures, protocols,  applications, security, privacy, real world  implementation  and future trends. 11th International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing (WiCOM 2015).

[5] Roshna Chettri ,Shrijana Pradhan, Lekhika Chettri (2015) Internet of Things: Comparative Study on Classification Algorithms (k-NN, Naive Bayes and Case based Reasoning) International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887) Volume 130 – No.12, November 2015.

Website:[6]

http://www.postscapes.com/internet-of-things-protocols/#iot-architecture-graphics on dated-10/12/2016

[7] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_of_things#Applications on dated-07/12/2016

References

[8] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_to_machine on dated- 07/12/2016

[9] http://www.libelium.com/smart_cars_m2m_accident_prevention/ on dated 13/12/2016

[10] http://www.expertsmind.com/blog/post/ict-the-extend-synonym-of-information-technology-in-education-732.aspx On dated-13/12/2016

[11] http://bizblog.simplex-it.com/4624/effective-project-communications-webinar/ on dated-13/12/2016

References

Thank You