A centre of expertise in digital information management How Small Museums Can Exploit The Social Web...

A centre of expertise in digital information management

www.ukoln.ac.uk

How Small Museums Can Exploit The Social WebBrian Kelly, UKOLN,

University of Bath

Bath, UK

UKOLN is supported by:This work is licensed under a Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.0 licence (but note caveat)

Acceptable Use PolicyRecording/broadcasting of this talk, taking photographs, discussing the content using email, instant messaging, blogs, SMS, etc. is permitted providing distractions to others is minimised.

Acceptable Use PolicyRecording/broadcasting of this talk, taking photographs, discussing the content using email, instant messaging, blogs, SMS, etc. is permitted providing distractions to others is minimised.

http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/cultural-heritage/events/yorkshire-federation-2009/http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/cultural-heritage/events/yorkshire-federation-2009/

Resources bookmarked using 'yorkshire-federation-2009' tag Resources bookmarked using 'yorkshire-federation-2009' tag

Email:[email protected]

Twitter:http://twitter.com/briankelly/

Blog:http://ukwebfocus.wordpress.com/


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Contents

Introduction• About me and UKOLN’s work for museums

• About you

The Social Web• What is it?

• How can it be used to support museums

Addressing Barriers• I don’t understand it

• My bosses don’t get it

• We get it – but have limited technical expertise

• We can’t afford it

• We get it, have the skills & resources but we’re concerned about legal issues, accessibility, interoperability, long term preservation; …

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About Me

Brian Kelly:• UK Web Focus: a national Web advisory

post• Based at UKOLN, a national centre of

expertise in digital information management• Located at the University of Bath• Funded by JISC and the MLA• Involved in Web since Jan 1993• Currently advising on best practices for

Web 2.0 & the Social Web

Introduction

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Recent Work For MuseumsUKOLN has been proactive in providing support for the cultural heritage sector

Over 30 briefing documents have been publishedOver 30 briefing documents have been publishedA series of workshops and talks have been givenA series of workshops and talks have been given

UKOLN’s cultural heritage blog provides:

• Dissemination• User

engagement• Access to other

resources


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About You

How many of you:• Have heard of Web 2.0/ the Social Web?• Have read content in a blog or wiki?• Use Facebook?• Have used MSN Messenger, Skype, …?• Use photo sharing sites (e.g. Flickr)?• Have viewed video clips on YouTube?

Do you:• Use the tools for work? • Use the tools for social purposes (e.g.

communicating with your children)?

Introduction

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You Are Not AloneWetPaint wiki provided to allow participants at workshops to share information about their background and interests

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UKOLN has run several Web 2.0 workshops for MLA Regional Agencies, Renaissance Hubs & other cultural heritage organisations on benefits of Web 2.0 and approaches to addressing the challenges

UKOLN has run several Web 2.0 workshops for MLA Regional Agencies, Renaissance Hubs & other cultural heritage organisations on benefits of Web 2.0 and approaches to addressing the challenges


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Contents

Web 2.0 – What Is It? (Talking …)• Blogs Wikis• Mashups Comms tools

Social Networks (… exploring …)• Facebook: opportunities and challenges• Ning – grow your own social network

Deployment Strategies (… doing)• Institutional barriers User focus• Information literacy Staff

development• Risk assessment …

Introduction


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Let’s Do It Now!

Let’s not just talk about Web 2.0 – let’s use it now (assuming WiFi network available!):

Let’s Talk• Go to

http://www.gabbly.com/ and in box enter yhfed.org.uk

Let’s Share Resources• Go to <http://del.icio.us/

lisbk/yorkshire-federation-2009> to access resources

NoteYou can set up a chat facility in 10 seconds.But this doesn’t mean you should built a service using it!

NoteYou can set up a chat facility in 10 seconds.But this doesn’t mean you should built a service using it!

Introduction

http://www.gabbly.com/...http://www.gabbly.com/...


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Let’s Do It Now! – Backup Plan

Problem:• Service is

unreliable• Company goes

bankrupt• Firewall blocks

access• Service isn’t good

enough

Solution:• Have alternative

prepared

The TinyChat.com service enables online chat rooms to be created easilye.g. <http://www.tinychat.com/5vw7>

Introduction


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Web2MemeMap, Tim O’Reilly, 2005 (or see Wikipedia )

Characteristics Of Web 2.0

• Network as platform• Easy-to-use (Ajax)• Always beta• Remix and mash-ups

Syndication (RSS)• Architecture of participation

Blogs & Wikis Social networking Social tagging

(folksonomies)• Trust and openness

Characteristics Of Web 2.0

• Network as platform• Easy-to-use (Ajax)• Always beta• Remix and mash-ups

Syndication (RSS)• Architecture of participation

Blogs & Wikis Social networking Social tagging

(folksonomies)• Trust and openness

Web 2.0

What Is Web 2.0?

Marketing term (derived from observing 'patterns') rather than technical standards - “an attitude not a technology”

Web 2.0


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Web 2.0: Why?

Realisation of Sir Tim Berners-Lee’s dream:• Web was meant to be participative & user-driven

Technical infrastructure now in place• But only now are standards in place, use cases

tested, commercial infrastructure deployed, …

User acceptance:• Many users love it – look at popularity of SNs

Saving scarce in-house resources:• Institutions can now focus on relevant areas,

rather than duplicating services already available• Enhancing quality of what we do do• Developing digital citizenship• Addressing the gaps (e.g. information literacy, …)

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BlogsBlogs – social phenomenon of the C21st?Need for information professionals to:

• Understand blogging & related technologies (e.g. RSS, Technorati)

• Be able to find resources in the 'Bloggosphere'

• Explore how to blogs to support business functions (support users, staff & organisation)

Web

2.0

http://piclib.nhm.ac.uk/antarctica/http://piclib.nhm.ac.uk/antarctica/

This blog … tells what it's like spending the winter in Antarctica conserving artefacts from the explorer's hut left behind by Ernest Shackleton in 1908.

This blog … tells what it's like spending the winter in Antarctica conserving artefacts from the explorer's hut left behind by Ernest Shackleton in 1908.

http://www.archiveshub.ac.uk/blog/

Increasingly professional (e.g. developers) use blogs to describe what they're doing.Note that a Comments field can allow you to engage in discussions

Increasingly professional (e.g. developers) use blogs to describe what they're doing.Note that a Comments field can allow you to engage in discussions

OpennessSyndication

Collaboration

Key Characteristics


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Blogs - Reading

How do you keep informed of developments?

• Do you use a dedicated blog reader?

• Are you alerted of changes to key blogs?

• Do you focus on the content and avoid the distractions of ads, etc.?

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Google Reader – a Web-based Blog reader. You are informed of changes since you last viewed the page.

Google Reader – a Web-based Blog reader. You are informed of changes since you last viewed the page.

http://www.google.com/reader/viewhttp://www.google.com/reader/view

OpennessSyndication

Collaboration


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Enriching Your Blog

UKOLN’s Cultural Heritage blog is aimed at practitioners and policies makers in museums, libraries and archives

A blog ‘widget’ provides automated feeds of other content (events & briefing documents)

Beware, though, of having too much ‘blog bling’!


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Blogs and RSS

Blog content is available is RSS format, which can be read by RSS readers.

Netvibes is another example of an RSS reader

OpennessSyndication

Collaboration

As well as blog posts, other content can be syndicated using RSS

Here UKOLN blog posts, details of events & briefing documents are available in RSS, allowing the content to be reused elsewhere


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Finding Resources

Technorati can help find Blog articles, etc.

Technorati search for "Museum of Antiquities" finds:

• Blog posting about current exhibition posted 11 minutes ago!

Google search finds:• Museum home page

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http://www.technorati.com/ …http://www.technorati.com/ …

What do users want: the home page and what people are saying today. Google & Technorati are valuable tools, so organisations should ensure that their Web site can be found in both.

RSSSyndication


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WikisWikis – collaborative Web-based authoring tools

I use wikis for:• Collaborative

papers (avoiding emailed MS Word file around)

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Google Docs – Web-based word processor or Wiki? Does it matter, it does the job

Google Docs – Web-based word processor or Wiki? Does it matter, it does the job

http://docs.google.com/http://docs.google.com/http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/interop-focus/community/index/IWMW2006_Discussion_Group_Notes_for_Group_A

http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/interop-focus/community/index/IWMW2006_Discussion_Group_Notes_for_Group_A

• Note-taking at events

Remember when notes were trapped in the non-interoperable world of flip charts & paper. This need no longer be the case.

Remember when notes were trapped in the non-interoperable world of flip charts & paper. This need no longer be the case.

• Social discussions at events

http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/interop-focus/community/index/IWMW2006_Information_About_Social_Aspects

http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/interop-focus/community/index/IWMW2006_Information_About_Social_Aspects

OpennessSyndication

Collaboration


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Wikipedia

Wikipedia – not only a community-developed encyclopedia, but also a well-linked Web site, which boosts Google rankings

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Museumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Museumhttp://www.google.co.uk/search?q=british+museum

http://www.google.co.uk/search?q=british+museum

In top 10 in Google list

http://www.google.co.uk/search?q=culturehttp://www.google.co.uk/search?q=culture

Do you try and ensure your Web site is easily found when searching? If so, then an entry in Wikipedia could help with this business objective

Do you try and ensure your Web site is easily found when searching? If so, then an entry in Wikipedia could help with this business objective


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Sharing - Flickr

Web 2.0 includes community-buildingYou can help support your community-building by making it easy to share photos at events (e.g. this seminar)Simply suggest a tag e.g. ‘renaissance-west-midlands-2009’ and encourage delegates to upload their photos with this tag

Web

2.0

http://www.flickr.com/search/?w=all&q=iwmw2006&m=text

http://www.flickr.com/search/?w=all&q=iwmw2006&m=texthttp://www.flickr.com/photos/tags/iwmw2006/interesting/?page=6

http://www.flickr.com/photos/tags/iwmw2006/interesting/?page=6

OpennessNetwork effect

SyndicationCollaboration


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Sharing – del.icio.us

Another aspect of sharing is sharing bookmarksThis can be used to:

• Manage your bookmarks• Allow others to contribute

resources• Allow lists of bookmarks

to be repurposed• Carry out impact analysis

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OpennessNetwork effect

SyndicationCollaboration

National Archives Web site now bookmarked by 798:

• Who are they?• What else are they

interested in?

http://del.icio.us/lisbk/renaissance-west-midlands-2009http://del.icio.us/lisbk/renaissance-west-midlands-2009


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Podcasts

Podcasts are syndicated MP3 files

New items in a podcast can appear automatically in your Podcast client (e.g. iPod) or RSS reader

Resources can be accessed via iTunes

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OpennessSyndication

http://www.podanza.com/podcast/...http://www.podanza.com/podcast/...

The University of Bath won a European award for its podcasts from guest lecturers, etc. We can regard this as maximising impacts of the ideas and promoting the University, at little cost

The University of Bath won a European award for its podcasts from guest lecturers, etc. We can regard this as maximising impacts of the ideas and promoting the University, at little cost


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Video Blogs

Use of video is becoming more popular:

• Cheap consumer devices• Easy-to-use services

such as YouTube & Google Video

As well as Web interface, other tools can display video clipsAs well as Web interface, other tools can display video clips

I am experimenting with video chat tools such as Seesmic to:

• Encourage video debate• Reuse content in talks


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From Maps To Reusable Maps

We’ll have maps showing the location of our organisations.

But are these maps:

• Zoomable?• Configurable?• Embeddable?• Reusable?• Personalisable?

Google Maps allows me to have a personalised route planner Google Maps allows me to have a personalised route planner


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Web

2.0 Google Maps Mashups

Google Map ‘mashup’ used for IWMW 2006 event:

• ~ 20 lines of JavaScript.

• Code taken from Google Maps Web site and coordinates added

http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/web-focus/events/workshops/webmaster-2006/maps/

http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/web-focus/events/workshops/webmaster-2006/maps/http://northumbria.ac.uk/browse/radius5/http://northumbria.ac.uk/browse/radius5/

More sophisticated mapping applications are being developed, such as Radius 5 at Northumbria Univ.

OpennessMashup

APIs


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Communications

We said:• Content is king!

But maybe:• Communications is king!

Communications tool include:• Chat tools (MSN

Messenger)• Audio & video (including

MSN Messenger, Skype, …)• …

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Web 2.0

Also note Web-based video chat services such as TokBox and Seesmic

Also note Web-based video chat services such as TokBox and Seesmic


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Creative Commons

Let’s allow others to legitimately reuse our content.

I do this for my event details:

• Creative Commons licence assigned to publicity details

I also do this for my blog posts, slides, etc

Web

2.0

http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/web-focus/events/workshops/webmaster-2006/publicity/

http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/web-focus/events/workshops/webmaster-2006/publicity/

OpennessTags

Collaboration

Note that the openness is a key aspect of Web 2.0: open source; open standards and open content can all help to bring benefits through maximising usage of services

Note that the openness is a key aspect of Web 2.0: open source; open standards and open content can all help to bring benefits through maximising usage of services


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Renaissance East MidlandsOpenness

SharingCollaboration

Benefits:• Maximise impact • Outreach to new

audiences• ‘LOCKSS’ approach for

long term access• Content reused in

alternative format• Marketing by UKOLN• Closer links established

Renaissance East Midlands published Simple Guide to Digitisation & provided CC licence to allow reuse.


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Integration of ServicesWeb 2.0 applications can be used in isolationThey can also be integration into other services (e.g. widgets in blogs and Web sites)Facebook is (currently) the leading platform for integrating many Web 2.0 tools

Let’s look at Facebook in more detail, as an example of a popular Web 2.0 service

Let’s look at Facebook in more detail, as an example of a popular Web 2.0 service

Facebook


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The Facebook platform provides access to (a) Skype (b) Twitter micro-blogging service (c) mini-questions

The Facebook PlatformFacebook


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What is Facebook?Facebook:

• A social networking Web site

• Had the largest number of registered users among college-focused sites with over 30 million members worldwide

• Ranked between top 10–20 Web sites

• Seventh most visited site in the US

From Wikipedia

Facebook

Let’s now look at one very popular Web 2.0 application – the Facebook social networking service

Let’s now look at one very popular Web 2.0 application – the Facebook social networking service


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Your Profile Page

Here’s an example of a profile page:

• Your details• Access to default

applications • Access to applications

your addedFacebook could be used as a personalised portal to various applications

And here’s how others may see your profileBoring isn’t it!

Facebook


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It’s a Social Network (1)

The strength of Facebook is when it is used as a social network. Here people can see:

• My updates to my Facebook account

• Applications I’ve installed

• Groups I’ve joined

• Photos & videos I’ve uploaded

• Blogs posts I’ve written

• Messages I’ve sent & received

• …

Facebook


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It’s a Social Network (2)

Here’s the page of a former colleague (now at Eduserv). This is valuable to me:

• Spot friends in common

• Keep informed of Andy’s professional interests (of interest to me)

• Keep informed of Andy’s discussions with others

• …

Facebook


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It’s Not Just For People

Facebook can now be used by organisations

Facebook


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The Opportunities

Facebook provides great opportunities for the sector:• It’s popular• It’s easy-to-use• No need for in-house development or to purchase

software• Useful for staff and users too• We can easily integrate our resources into

Facebook (e.g. RSS feeds, blogs, etc.)• It can provide alternative access to our services

cf. Artshare app: “Share works of art from Museums around the world”

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Facebook


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What’s The Downside?

Various concerns have been expressed about:• Privacy (is Facebook a private or public space?)• Is Facebook a space for students or for all?• Is Facebook a closed environment?• …

Various concerns have been expressed about:• Privacy (is Facebook a private or public space?)• Is Facebook a space for students or for all?• Is Facebook a closed environment?• …

Facebook


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Not Forgetting Twitter

Twitter can provide various benefits:

• Outreach • User engagement• Community-

building

Effective use of Twitter can be helped through use of dedicated Twitter clients such as Tweetdeck

Effective use of Twitter can be helped through use of dedicated Twitter clients such as Tweetdeck


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Deployment Strategies

I want to do use the Social Web but:

• The IT Services department bans it

• The council bans it• My boss doesn’t

approveArea of interest to UKOLN:

• “Just do it”• Subversive approach –

‘Friends of Foo’ if Foo can’t use it

• Encourage enthusiasts• Don’t get in the way

UKOLN briefing papers available with Creative Commons licence. (over 30 docs published)

UKOLN briefing papers available with Creative Commons licence. (over 30 docs published)

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The Challenges

Challenges

Resources

ExpertiseTime

Money

Understanding

Legal Issues IT Services

Colleagues

Management

Accessibility

Sustainability

Reliability

Culturalissues

Technical Issues

Interoperability

Privacy, DPA, FOI, ..

Council

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Take-up Of New TechnologiesThe Gartner curve

Developers

Rising expectations

Trough of despair

Service plateau

Enterprise softwareLarge budgets…

Early adopters

ChasmFailure to go beyond developers & early adopters (cf Gopher)Need for:

• Advocacy• Listening to users• Addressing concerns• Deployment strategies• …

This talks looks at approaches for avoiding the chasm & reshaping the curve

This talks looks at approaches for avoiding the chasm & reshaping the curve

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The Backlash Is Predictable

When significant new things appear:• Enthusiasts / early adopters predict a

transformation of society• Sceptics outline the limitations & deficiencies

There’s a need to:• Promote the benefits to the wider community

(esp. those willing to try if convinced of benefits)• Be realistic and recognise limitations• Address inappropriate criticisms

Web 2.0: It’s a silly name. It’s just a marketing term. There are lots of poor Web 2.0 services. There wasn’t a Web 1.0. What follows it?It does have a marketing aspect – and that’s OK. It isn’t formally defined – it describes a pattern of related usage. There will be poor (and good) Web 2.0 services – just like anything else. Any usage will arrive at a follow-up term.

Web 2.0: It’s a silly name. It’s just a marketing term. There are lots of poor Web 2.0 services. There wasn’t a Web 1.0. What follows it?It does have a marketing aspect – and that’s OK. It isn’t formally defined – it describes a pattern of related usage. There will be poor (and good) Web 2.0 services – just like anything else. Any usage will arrive at a follow-up term.

Twitter? Another silly name. Trivial junk. Only for people with nothing better evolves toWe must have a Twitter feed – impact; marketing; audiences; …and then (from the early adopters)It was meant to be fun. It’s been institutionalised, We want it back!

Twitter? Another silly name. Trivial junk. Only for people with nothing better evolves toWe must have a Twitter feed – impact; marketing; audiences; …and then (from the early adopters)It was meant to be fun. It’s been institutionalised, We want it back!

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Deployment Strategies

Interested in using Web 2.0 in your organisation?Worried about corporate inertia, power struggles, etc?There’s a need for a deployment strategy:

• Addressing business needs• Low-hanging fruits• Encouraging the enthusiasts• Gain experience of the browser tools – and see

what you’re missing!• Staff training & development• Address areas you feel comfortable with• Risk and opportunity management strategy• …

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What Do We Mean By ‘Risk’?

“Risk is a concept that denotes the precise probability of specific eventualities”When should we take risks?

• Never• If the probability is low• If the dangers are insignificant• If the context if appropriate

But what if human life is at risk:• In the army• Driving a car• Travelling on the train• …

We can’t ignore the context, the benefits (real and perceived)

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Risk Management JISC infoNet Risk Management infoKit:

“In education, as in any other environment, you can’t decide not to take risks: that simply isn’t an option in today’s world. All of us take risks and it’s a question of which risks we take”

Examples of people who are likely to be adverse stakeholders:• People who fear loss of their jobs • People who will require re-training • People who may be moved to a different department /

team • People .. required to commit resources to the project • People who fear loss of control over a function or

resources • People who will have to do their job in a different way • People who will have to carry out new or additional

functions • People who will have to use a new technology

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IWMW 2006 & Risk Management IWMW 2006 has taken a risk management approach to its evaluation of Web 2.0 technologies:

• Agreements: e.g. in the case of the Chatbot.• Use of well-established services: Google &

del.icio.us are well-established and have financial security.

• Notification: warnings that services could be lost. • Engagement: with the user community: users actively

engage in the evaluation of the services. • Provision of alternative services: multiple OMPL

tools. • Use in non-mission critical areas: not for bookings! • Long term experiences of services: usage stats• Availability of alternative sources of data: e.g.

standard Web server log files.• Data export and aggregation: RSS feeds, aggregated

in Suprglu, OPML viewers, etc.

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Critical Friends

JISC U&I programme is encouraging establishment of “Critical Friends”

See <http://critical-friends.org/>See <http://critical-friends.org/>

Paul Walk (UKOLN) was described as a ‘critical friend’ of JISCSee <http://dev8d.jiscinvolve.org/2009/

02/10/five-minute-interview-paul-walk/>

See <http://dev8d.jiscinvolve.org/2009/02/10/five-minute-interview-paul-walk/>

But is such open debate encouraged in other sectors?

See <https://www.jiscmail.ac.uk/cgi-bin/webadmin?A2=ind0903&L=MCG&T=0&F=&S=&P=19929>

See <https://www.jiscmail.ac.uk/cgi-bin/webadmin?A2=ind0903&L=MCG&T=0&F=&S=&P=19929>


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Let The Public Know

“The paper sets out to answer this question by way of original research and experimentation on real data sets of museum objects, obtained from a number of UK museums by way of a Freedom of Information request.”

“The paper sets out to answer this question by way of original research and experimentation on real data sets of museum objects, obtained from a number of UK museums by way of a Freedom of Information request.”

Frankie Roberto as a Critical Friend

Social services, communities, etc. are now being used to seek evidence of value-for-money. We need to be able to demonstrate appropriate processes are in place.

Social services, communities, etc. are now being used to seek evidence of value-for-money. We need to be able to demonstrate appropriate processes are in place.


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Biases

Subjective factors

Towards a Framework

“Time To Stop Doing and Start Thinking: A Framework For Exploiting Web 2.0 Services”, Museums & the Web 2009 conference

IntendedPurpose

Benefits (various

stakeholdersRisks

(various stakeholders

Missed Opps. (various

stakeholdersCosts


• Sharing experiences

• Learning from successes& failures

• Tackling biases• …

• Critical friends• Application to

existing services

• Application to in-house development

• …


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Using The Framework

Use of approach in two scenarios: use of Twitter & Facebook

IntendedPurpose

Benefits (various

stakeholdersRisks



stakeholdersCosts


Community support

Rapid feedback

Justify ROIOrg. brand

Community-building

Low?

Twitter for individuals Organisational Fb Page

Marketing events,…

Large audiences

Ownership, privacy, lock-in

Marketing opportunity

Low?

Critical friends:• Paul Walk / Brian

Kelly blog posts)• MCG

discussionsLearning

• UKOLN cultural heritage guest blog post

• Conferences• Papers• …

Note personal biases!Note personal biases!


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Use The Framework Yourself

Feel free to you apply framework to:

• Services you’re planning

• Existing services• Large scale

initiatives (e.g. Creative Spaces)

IntendedPurpose

Benefits (various

stakeholdersRisks



stakeholdersCosts


What is the purpose? Who are the users?

What are the benefits? To whom?

What are the risks? To whom?

What are the risks of doing nothing?

What are the costs – to developers, to users,…

Remember the biases! Is the service really intended to sustain the service provider?

Remember the need for the critical friend and the need for sharing?

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Conclusions

The Web Tech Guy and Angry Staff Person post provides a useful summary for this talk!

Acknowledgments to Michael Edson for this wonderful comic strip


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Conclusions

To conclude:• Web 2.0 can provide real benefits for our

users• There are many opportunities for cultural

heritage organisations• We need to be seek ways we can exploit

such opportunities• We also need to acknowledge risks and

dangers Further discussions on Web 2.0 issues are

given on the UKWebFocus.wordpress.com blog

Co

ncl

usi

on

s


www.ukoln.ac.uk

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Date post:	26-Dec-2015
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A centre of expertise in digital information management How Small Museums Can Exploit The Social Web...

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