\es. Ay. Sid. Vol. VII; No. 1-2, pp. 23-32

A Ciiriical Study on Annabedi Chenduram in Pandu Based on Siddha Concept

pW ' D. S, Jayakaran1, £. Meenakshinathan2, and K. Gopakumar3

Received on July 12th, 1985

On the basis of methodology describ-*rt the Siddha literature, a clinical 'y about the effect of Siddha drug, abedi chendttram was made. From the atient Department 90 patients were Wed for this study. An in depth study made and ths results obtained are

here. The values are correlated with _ arameters like haemoglobin level

fom the study it has been observed xAnnabedi Chenduram is effective for ititient of iron deficiency anaemia. \ » ' . !

oduction

The term' Pandu denotes the pallor e of body. As per the Siddha tiadi-i this word is derived from the racter of lPandu\ patriarch of >"Maha-atham' because of his mellow colour

r Research Officer (Siddha) ^Assistant Research Officer (Pathology) [Research Assistant (Siddha) feal Research Unit (Siddha), Govt, Siddha liical College, Palayamkottai.

of his skin when he was born. This clinical condition in which pallor of the body occurs is also termed Pandu. There is an alternate name Veluppu Noi, used in some of the Siddha literature (Shanmugavel, 1972).

Pandu is described as a diseased condition in which the natural colour of the body, including the nail beds and conjunctiva, becomes pale and mellow. The Siddha treatment contemplates five types of Pandu roga. 1. Vat ha Pandu, 2. Pitha Pandu, 3. Kaba Pandu, 4. Muk-kutra Pandu and 5. Mannun Pandu (Vasu Deva Sasthiri & Venkatrajan, 1962). The syndrome of Pandu (Scgai) is almost correlated with the clinical conditions of "Anaemia" as described in Modern Medicine, (Pillai, T V S., 1931).

Tn the modern medicine the clinical features of Anaemia are described as follows. The Anaemic patients have clinical features which are the direct consequence of the diminished oxygen

23

D.S. JAYAKARAN et at

carrying power of the blood on the tissue and organs of the body. Its occurrence

" and severity depend on the degree of anaemia, especially on rapidity of its development. Its symptoms are fatigue and lassitude, breathlessness on exertion, dizziness, giddiness, diminished vision, headache, insomnia, pallor of the skin and mucus membrane, palpitation, tachy-cardia, cardiac dilatation, functional systolic murmur, anorexia and dyspepsia, tingling and 'pins and needles' sensation in fingers and toes (paresthesia). In severe cases there may be oedema of the ankle and basal crepitation (Davidson et al, 1971).

Aims and Objectives of the study

In clinical practice Pandu roga is successfully being treated by the tradi-tional Vaidyas and the Institutional Hospital of Siddha Medicine through tne therapeutic application of Annabedi Chen-duram. Therefore it was felt essential to undertake a study to precisely gauge the therapeutic efficiency of Annabedi Chenduram in clinical management of Pandu using both the clinical Siddha and modern parameters.

Materials and Methods m'i,

The cases for study were selected on the basis of diagnostic method described in Siddha literature. They were Erivdgai thervugal, which is 'compared vith AsHta Pariksha of Ayurveda, conditions " of Mukkutra Nilai, i.e. Thiridoshic (Vatha,

Pitha, Kaba) conditions, various 0 Kattu Nilai i.e. Thatus, Kalam i.e., sea nal occurrence of diseaff and Tjiinai: place where patients live. 1

< . | Observations

The observations tabulated here § based on ninety cases which were sele from the; In-patient Department in | years of clinical study. ™

Table-I Showing the sex factor

No. —

Sex No. of Percent^ cases 4

1. Male 42 47%jj 2. Female 48 53°M

• "t V • V* Table-fl - u J

Showing the Age factor tVfl

No. Age No. of Perasnn cases _

1. Below 1 years —-2. 1 to 12 years 8 3. 13 to 25 years 17 4. 26 to 45 years 34. 5. Above 4$ years 3}

'V. '..v»f 9%

Table-Ill Showing the Socio-econoi it > -wsJ

"Jf ' S i No. Status No. of

cases - fM

1. Poor > Jjwj 2. v Middle I smm jj

class •• 18 < 3: • iwTJ !

• »llp' ) (71

2 4

ITCAL STUDY ON ANNABEDI CHENDURAM

— ~ Table-IV

Showing the (Kalam) seasonal iacidence

Season Month Tamil and English

No. of cases Percentage

Muthu Yenil

Ua Venil

Kar Kalam

Mun Pani Kalam

Pin Pani Kalam

Koodir Kalam

Ani and Adi—June, July and August

Chithirai and Vaikashi— April, May and June

Avani and Puratasi— August, September and October

Margazhi and Thai December, January and February

Thai and Masi— January, February and March

Ayppasi, Karthigai— October November and December

15

13

17

29

17%

14%

8%

32%

10%

fef" • '•

Table-V ing the factors of Place (Thinai) where the disease occurred

m Thinai No. of Percentage cases

Kurinchi 45 li , Mullai 3

Marutham 16 Neithal 8 Palai 18

50% 3% 18% 9%

20%

Table-VI

Showing the Mukkutra Nilai

No. Udal No. of Percentage Eyalbu cases

1. Vatha Udal 14

2. Pitha Udal 54

3. Kaba Udal 22

16%

60%

24%

D.S. A YAK ARAN et al

Table-VII

Showing onset of disease

No. Onset No. of Percentage cases

1. Acute 14 16% 2. Chronic 76 84%

Table-VIII Showing the Disturbance of Seven Udal Kattu Nilai (Thatus) in the cases studied

No. Udal Thatus

No. of cases affected

Percentage

1. Rasam (Saram) 67 75%

2. Raktham (Senner) 90 100%

3. Mamisam (Oon) 36 40%

4. Kozuppu 76 85% 5. Enbu 72 80% 6. Moolai 9 10% 7. Sukkilam 45 50%

Table IX Showing the observation of Envagai

Thervugal No. Envagai Thervugal No. of cases 1 2 3 1. Naadis

1. Vatha — 2. Pitha 6 3. Kaba 5

1 2

4. Vatha Pitham 5. Vatha Kabam 6. Pitha Vatham 7. Pitha Kabam 8. Kaba Vatham 9. Kaba Pitham

2. Sparism :

1. Warm 2. Cold 3. Hot 4. Swelling

3. Naa :

1. Reddish 2. Glossy 3. Furred 4. Clear 5. Coated

4. Niram : 1. Normal 2. Pale — 3. Black

5. Mozhi: • • • 1

1. Clear 2. Slurred

6. Vizhi: 1. Clear 2. Pale 3. Yellowish 4. Reddish 5. Dryness ^ -

2 $

STUDY ON Annabedi Chenduram

lam : pfttal (Free) motion 15

jbnsiipated 63 liese (Frequent) motion 12

ojthiram : brmal Micturition 8

ity Micturition 60 ing Micturition 20

r&sed Micturition 2

Table-X

of Pandu in the cases studied

Jfiology No. of Percentage cases

form Infestation 36 ifcftciency of Iron stake (Food Habit) 45

40%

50%

1 2. j 4

3. Haemorragic diseases : a. Piles 15 17% b. Peptic Ulcer 5 6% c. Dysentry 12 13% d. Haematurea 2 2% e. Menstrual 25 28%

disorder f. Bleeding Gums 6 7%

4. Metabolic disorders * • •

i- Diabetes 2 2% Thyroid disease —

Nephritis _ — . —

5. Intake of drugs or Toxic Agents 5 6%

6. Infections : Tuberculosis 6 7% Syphilis 2 2% Malaria 1

Table-XI

Showing the prominent symptoms at the time of Admission & Improvement after Treatment

Signs & Symptoms No. of cases before Treatment

No. of cases improved after treatment

Percentage of

improvement

2 3 4 5

Pallor of conjuctiva 90 78 86% Pallor of the Nail beds 70 59 73% Pallor of the body 65 42 65% bOfeiema 15 9 60% ifiijected eye 8 3 38%

27 (Contd.)

B .s . JAYAKARAN et at

1 2 3 4

6. Shivering of the body 9 5

7. Loss of appetite 82 63

8. Pain in abdomen 20 16

9. Dullness of vision 9 3

10. Acidic or bitter taste on tongue 5 4

11. Dyspnoea on exertion 64 45

12. Giddiness 58 39

13. Ulceration of mouth 35 28

14. Diarrhoea 17 15

15. Vomitting 9 8

16. Soar throat 4 2

17. Syncope 3 1

18. Pairi in the hip 21 16

19. Lassitude 16 12

20. Tiredness 32 26

21. Emacitation 12 9

22. Palpitation 48 30

23. Frequency of micturition 13 8

24. Anasarca 4 2

25. Excessive thirst 21 14

26. Worms in the faeces 24 21

27, Ihdigesion 32 24

28. Constipation 58 43

29. Loss of sleep 11 , 7

28

3AL STUDY ON Annabedi Chenduram

Table-XII

jwing percentage of haemoglobin level during admission

(Kuppusamy Muthaliar, Uthamarayan, C.S., 1984).

K.N. and

•ercentage S m If* *»>!"*•'

No. of cases

Percentage

jj$Jto50% r 64 71% [5J to 60% , 23 26% I t to 70% 3 3% 71 to 80% — • —

80% and above — —

Table-XUI

average percentage of haemoglo-bin level increased after treatment

p days Percentage of increase

gOft'10 days - - t r , .^" , 7% W^Odays M 15% 8130 days - r r IM^ 25% ; WpO da^s rv1 '•'Jv 30%

IALYSIS * - f *' of Preparation Ki \ i '{••

pvAnnabedi (Green Vitreol) is ed in lime juice triturated in a im and made in to small discs. The Tare placed in the lower part of the

pike' mud pot and covered with the one and sealed the junction with

[clay, dried and submitted putam with Jflang cakes. The resultant product aken and ground in powder form.

In Annabedi Iron exists in both Ferrous and Ferric forms. The percentage of Iron of ferrous form in Annabedi is 25%. No copper and cobalt content was detected ( in this medicine. By animal experimentation also it has been proved that it improves Hb% in anaemic rats. (Rajeswari, S., 1975).

Discussion

From our study it is observed that

'Pandu' Is more associated with pitha pragiruthi bodies of human being. In * Pitha Udal' the production of bile becomes aggravated and consequently the haemopoiesis is degenerated. This leads to haemolysis. So there is more need of iron for the body. Hence the therapeutic use of ferrous iron which is in Annabedi Ckeridtirdm is beneficial to disease Pitha Pandu.

Conceptionally, it is believed that in Pandu patients the most aggravated cosmic elements are Vayu and Theyu. Vayu represents the Vatha and Theyu represent the 'Pitha\ Vayu controls the taste of (Karpu) pungency and Theyu controls the taste of (Uppu) saltishness. Both these tastes are considered to be of Ushna veerya potency (Hot potency). Spe-cially the absence of saltishness deprives the food of its natural flavour and taste.

D.S. JAYAKARAN et al "A,

Therefore, it leads to total state of tastelessness anorexia. It is observed that most of the Pandu patients had the prominent symptoms of anorexia and few were with saltish taste of tongue. The treatment with Annabedi chenduram which contain^ the ferrous iron noted for its 'astringency' and having cooling potency (Seetha veerium), balances the Pitha state and restores the patients to the normalcy.

According to the Siddha literature Kar kalam and Pin pani kalam are the periods when the 'Pitha' gets vitiated. Pandu is one of the 4Pitha* disease which is a1 so common in that season. In our study the occurrence of the disease is also common in Kar kalam (19%) and Pin pani kalam (32%). In hot season Muthu venil kalam when the sun is hot, also this disease is common (17%).

The weather, water, climatic changes, the vegetation, diet factors, occupation etc., all have greater influence over the physical, mental and social welfare of the inhabitants of the region. In our study the disease is prevalant in the habitants having climatic and adaptic factors correctable to the 'Kurinchi Nilam' (i.e. Hill area) where the infectious diseases and worm infestation are common.

Next comes lPa1aV when sun is very hpt. In Siddha literature it is stated that Pandu Noi occurs in those who wander in hot sun. (Uthamarayan, C.S.,1983).

In the modern medicine also it stated that syndrome of Anaemia prevalent in tropical areas where the i is very hot.

Neerkuri and Neikuri exac was done according to Siddha., |

All the factors observed by the of the examinations confirm the pf of 'Pitha* disease. (Narayanaswatnif 1975).

Conclusion 1

The above detailed study reveals tl Pandu roga is a product of deranj * Pitha' Dhodam and also due to deran| ment of Vatha-Pitha interaction. 1 course of study gives us the clini material collected in the hospital .„ / £ [ff the unit is functioning. Parameters on the symptomatic relief experien< the patient and qualitative improve observed in the patient by way of ro blood investigation and the improve; with regards to haemoglobin level blood were undertaken. It is infer • r I * Mj the above study that the use of * Chenduram in case of Anaemia jJ Pandu is quiet encouraging from|0 point of progress. The specific Ipri tion used in this study is reported^ contain 25% ferrous iron which givet good response of average 30% raise * Hb% during treatment. There is a] definite qualitative improvement in J symptomatic amelioration of «i| anaemic condition.

ICAL STUDY ON Annabedi Chenduram

T-

Ija, William

|vidson Sir. Stanley and icleod, John

feF fc'rayanaswami V.

Mai, T.V.S,

REFERENCES

1973

1971

1975

1931

tjeswari, S.

sthri Vasu Deva and Venkatrajan

Shanmugavel i: w I. Uthamarayan, C,S.

Uthamarayan C.S. and Kuppusamy Mudaljar, K,N,

1975

1962

1972

1983

Text Book of Pathology P. 116.

Principle and Practice of Medicine P. 835-850.

Introduction to Siddha System of Medicine P. No. 35 to 41.

Tamil English Dictionary of Science and Allied subjects, Volume-5, P. 2495.

A study on Veluppu Noi Dessertation, P. No. 152, 153-159.

Sarabendra Vaidya Muraigal, P. 3.

Noigalukku Siddha Parikaram P.-273.

Siddha Maruthuvanga Suruk-kam, P. No. 169, 182, 188 & 198.

1984 Siddha Vaidya Thirattu P. 159,

D.S. JAY A K ARAN et dl

faz f^f^cHT q^fcr TT STTSnfTcr

fas faflrcaT s r r ^ r % s r f e f%f«r % amrc TT ftra affair %

- i s • •• t_ _ fiKUl

TRT I f ^ f ^ R T ^ % 3RTTT faWT \ f r M r 5FT ^ T f^TT JPTT I VX ft ^ sT n̂r̂ T ART TIT ark srr^r T <TfWT ^ $ ^ffcf 1 1 STO ^ arrgfasF ?teTf?pfr qfriTTtf Sr, ^

f^T *FTT —•^fttortfor i ICQ-TF̂ I W AR^FR R̂ <THTT |

I