A Compass for Change:A Compass for Change:The Framework for The Framework for SustainabilitySustainability

Insights fromInsights fromThe Natural StepThe Natural Step

SEEDs for De Pere

Sustainable DevelopmentSustainable DevelopmentSustainable DevelopmentSustainable Development

Meets the needs of the present Meets the needs of the present

without compromising the ability of without compromising the ability of

future generations to meet their own future generations to meet their own

needsneeds

Meets the needs of the present Meets the needs of the present

without compromising the ability of without compromising the ability of

future generations to meet their own future generations to meet their own

needsneeds

SEEDs for De Pere

What do we stand for ?What do we stand for ?What do we stand for ?What do we stand for ?

SSocialocial

EEcologicalcological

EEconomicconomic

DDevelopmentevelopment

SS

SSocialocial

EEcologicalcological

EEconomicconomic

DDevelopmentevelopment

SS

SEEDs for De Pere

VisionVisionVisionVision

An Ecologically Sustainable De PereAn Ecologically Sustainable De Pere

GenerateGenerateEcological integrity,Ecological integrity,Economic prosperity, Economic prosperity, and Social equity for De Pereand Social equity for De Pere

An Ecologically Sustainable De PereAn Ecologically Sustainable De Pere

GenerateGenerateEcological integrity,Ecological integrity,Economic prosperity, Economic prosperity, and Social equity for De Pereand Social equity for De Pere

MissionMission

SEEDs for De Pere

SEEDs is:SEEDs is:SEEDs is:SEEDs is:• A local citizen organizationA local citizen organization

• A part of a growing worldwide concernA part of a growing worldwide concern

• Creating understandingCreating understanding

• Educating our neighborsEducating our neighbors

• Encouraging participationEncouraging participation

• Promoting a better communityPromoting a better community

• A 501(c)3 charitable organization A 501(c)3 charitable organization

as part of the De Pere Area Chamber of as part of the De Pere Area Chamber of

Commerce Foundation, Inc.Commerce Foundation, Inc.

• A local citizen organizationA local citizen organization

• A part of a growing worldwide concernA part of a growing worldwide concern

• Creating understandingCreating understanding

• Educating our neighborsEducating our neighbors

• Encouraging participationEncouraging participation

• Promoting a better communityPromoting a better community

• A 501(c)3 charitable organization A 501(c)3 charitable organization

as part of the De Pere Area Chamber of as part of the De Pere Area Chamber of

Commerce Foundation, Inc.Commerce Foundation, Inc.

SEEDs for De Pere

Areas of FocusAreas of FocusAreas of FocusAreas of Focus

Government & CommunityGovernment & Community

– Eco-municipalityEco-municipality

– Raise awarenessRaise awareness

– Educate othersEducate others

– Tools for decisionTools for decision

Government & CommunityGovernment & Community

– Eco-municipalityEco-municipality

– Raise awarenessRaise awareness

– Educate othersEducate others

– Tools for decisionTools for decision

SEEDs for De Pere

Actions to Produce OutcomesActions to Produce OutcomesActions to Produce OutcomesActions to Produce Outcomes

• Education & EngagementEducation & Engagement

• Involvement & OwnershipInvolvement & Ownership

• ResponsibilityResponsibility

• It is about youIt is about you

– Consumers = ConsumptionConsumers = Consumption

• Education & EngagementEducation & Engagement

• Involvement & OwnershipInvolvement & Ownership

• ResponsibilityResponsibility

• It is about youIt is about you

– Consumers = ConsumptionConsumers = Consumption

SEEDs for De Pere

Systems ApproachSystems ApproachSystems ApproachSystems Approach

We will facilitate a systems approach to We will facilitate a systems approach to

create contacts, relationships, and links create contacts, relationships, and links

between different assets and people between different assets and people

across all sectors to create a holistic across all sectors to create a holistic

approach to sustainable developmentapproach to sustainable development

We will facilitate a systems approach to We will facilitate a systems approach to

create contacts, relationships, and links create contacts, relationships, and links

between different assets and people between different assets and people

across all sectors to create a holistic across all sectors to create a holistic

approach to sustainable developmentapproach to sustainable development

SEEDs for De Pere

Ecological ThinkingEcological ThinkingEcological ThinkingEcological Thinking

• Aldo LeopoldAldo Leopold– A Sand County Almanac, 1949A Sand County Almanac, 1949– Conservation Land Ethic Conservation Land Ethic

• Rachel CarsonRachel Carson– Silent Spring, 1962Silent Spring, 1962– Dangers of persistent chemicalsDangers of persistent chemicals

• Aldo LeopoldAldo Leopold– A Sand County Almanac, 1949A Sand County Almanac, 1949– Conservation Land Ethic Conservation Land Ethic

• Rachel CarsonRachel Carson– Silent Spring, 1962Silent Spring, 1962– Dangers of persistent chemicalsDangers of persistent chemicals

SEEDs for De Pere

Problematic Examples IProblematic Examples IProblematic Examples IProblematic Examples I

• Love Canal New York, Love Canal New York,

19781978

• Bhophal India, 1984Bhophal India, 1984

• Chernobyl Russia, 1986Chernobyl Russia, 1986

• Exxon Valdez, 1989Exxon Valdez, 1989

• AutomobileAutomobile

• Love Canal New York, Love Canal New York,

19781978

• Bhophal India, 1984Bhophal India, 1984

• Chernobyl Russia, 1986Chernobyl Russia, 1986

• Exxon Valdez, 1989Exxon Valdez, 1989

• AutomobileAutomobile

SEEDs for De Pere

• Global WarmingGlobal Warming

• LocallyLocally

– PCBs in Fox RiverPCBs in Fox River

– Poor air quality in Poor air quality in

summersummer

• Global WarmingGlobal Warming

• LocallyLocally

– PCBs in Fox RiverPCBs in Fox River

– Poor air quality in Poor air quality in

summersummer

Problematic Examples IIProblematic Examples IIProblematic Examples IIProblematic Examples II

SEEDs for De Pere

Systems View of Systems View of SustainabilitySustainability

Systems View of Systems View of SustainabilitySustainability

EnvironmentEnvironment

SocietySociety

EconomyEconomy

SEEDs for De Pere

The Big PictureThe Big PictureThe Big PictureThe Big Picture

Funnel of Converging TrendsFunnel of Converging TrendsFunnel of Converging TrendsFunnel of Converging Trends

Natural systems are deteriorating & the rate is increasingNatural systems are deteriorating & the rate is increasing

Population & Consumption are rising exponentiallyPopulation & Consumption are rising exponentially

Declining potential

Increasing demand

SEEDs for De Pere

Description of the Natural Description of the Natural Step Step

Description of the Natural Description of the Natural Step Step

•Changing the way we do thingsChanging the way we do things

•Moving away from harming the earth & Moving away from harming the earth &

inhabitantsinhabitants

•Provides a framework for sustainability planning Provides a framework for sustainability planning

Combining:Combining:

Science based understandingScience based understanding

Tested planning approachTested planning approach

•Translate that combined understanding into Translate that combined understanding into

standard practice for actionsstandard practice for actions

•Changing the way we do thingsChanging the way we do things

•Moving away from harming the earth & Moving away from harming the earth &

inhabitantsinhabitants

•Provides a framework for sustainability planning Provides a framework for sustainability planning

Combining:Combining:

Science based understandingScience based understanding

Tested planning approachTested planning approach

•Translate that combined understanding into Translate that combined understanding into

standard practice for actionsstandard practice for actions

SEEDs for De Pere

Why a FrameworkWhy a FrameworkWhy a FrameworkWhy a Framework

• Agreement on meaningsAgreement on meanings

• Understanding & CaringUnderstanding & Caring

• ConflictsConflicts

• Initiatives create more problemsInitiatives create more problems

• Community team approach prevents Community team approach prevents

chaoschaos

• Shared VisionShared Vision

• Agreement on meaningsAgreement on meanings

• Understanding & CaringUnderstanding & Caring

• ConflictsConflicts

• Initiatives create more problemsInitiatives create more problems

• Community team approach prevents Community team approach prevents

chaoschaos

• Shared VisionShared Vision

SEEDs for De Pere

Natural Step BackgroundNatural Step BackgroundNatural Step BackgroundNatural Step Background

• Order from ChaosOrder from Chaos

• Open dialogue led to 4 PrinciplesOpen dialogue led to 4 Principles

• EducationEducation

• Order from ChaosOrder from Chaos

• Open dialogue led to 4 PrinciplesOpen dialogue led to 4 Principles

• EducationEducation

SEEDs for De Pere

Principles - Conditions - Objectives Principles - Conditions - Objectives Principles - Conditions - Objectives Principles - Conditions - Objectives

Find fundamental principles of indisputable Find fundamental principles of indisputable relevance and thereafter ask the advice of relevance and thereafter ask the advice of others on how to apply them others on how to apply them - Dr Karl-Henrick Robèrt- Dr Karl-Henrick Robèrt

Find fundamental principles of indisputable Find fundamental principles of indisputable relevance and thereafter ask the advice of relevance and thereafter ask the advice of others on how to apply them others on how to apply them - Dr Karl-Henrick Robèrt- Dr Karl-Henrick Robèrt

Fundamental principlesFundamental principles

4 System Conditions4 System Conditions

4 Guiding Objectives4 Guiding Objectives

Fundamental principlesFundamental principles

4 System Conditions4 System Conditions

4 Guiding Objectives4 Guiding Objectives

SEEDs for De Pere

System ConditionsSystem ConditionsSystem ConditionsSystem Conditions

Extraction

Accumulation

Degradation

SocialEquity

Adapted from ACSI

SEEDs for De Pere

System Condition 1System Condition 1System Condition 1System Condition 1

In the sustainable society, In the sustainable society,

nature is not subject to systematically nature is not subject to systematically

increasing concentrations of substances increasing concentrations of substances

extracted from the earth’s crustextracted from the earth’s crust

* what we take from the earth ** what we take from the earth *

In the sustainable society, In the sustainable society,

nature is not subject to systematically nature is not subject to systematically

increasing concentrations of substances increasing concentrations of substances

extracted from the earth’s crustextracted from the earth’s crust

* what we take from the earth ** what we take from the earth *

SEEDs for De Pere

Guiding Objective 1Guiding Objective 1Guiding Objective 1Guiding Objective 1

Eliminate our community’s contribution to Eliminate our community’s contribution to

fossil fuel dependence and to wasteful use fossil fuel dependence and to wasteful use

of scarce metals and mineralsof scarce metals and minerals

Eliminate our community’s contribution to Eliminate our community’s contribution to

fossil fuel dependence and to wasteful use fossil fuel dependence and to wasteful use

of scarce metals and mineralsof scarce metals and minerals

SEEDs for De Pere

System Condition 2System Condition 2System Condition 2System Condition 2

In the sustainable society, In the sustainable society,

nature is not subject to systematically nature is not subject to systematically

increasing concentrations of substances increasing concentrations of substances

produced by societyproduced by society

* what we make ** what we make *

In the sustainable society, In the sustainable society,

nature is not subject to systematically nature is not subject to systematically

increasing concentrations of substances increasing concentrations of substances

produced by societyproduced by society

* what we make ** what we make *

SEEDs for De Pere

Guiding Objective 2Guiding Objective 2Guiding Objective 2Guiding Objective 2

Eliminate our community’s contribution Eliminate our community’s contribution

to dependence upon persistent to dependence upon persistent

chemicals and wasteful use of synthetic chemicals and wasteful use of synthetic

substancessubstances

Eliminate our community’s contribution Eliminate our community’s contribution

to dependence upon persistent to dependence upon persistent

chemicals and wasteful use of synthetic chemicals and wasteful use of synthetic

substancessubstances

SEEDs for De Pere

System Condition 3System Condition 3System Condition 3System Condition 3

In the sustainable society, In the sustainable society,

nature is not subject to systematically nature is not subject to systematically

increasing degradation by physical meansincreasing degradation by physical means

* What we do to the earth ** What we do to the earth *

In the sustainable society, In the sustainable society,

nature is not subject to systematically nature is not subject to systematically

increasing degradation by physical meansincreasing degradation by physical means

* What we do to the earth ** What we do to the earth *

SEEDs for De Pere

Guiding Objective 3Guiding Objective 3Guiding Objective 3Guiding Objective 3

Eliminate our community’s contributionEliminate our community’s contribution

to encroachment upon nature:to encroachment upon nature:

-Land-Land -Water-Water -Wildlife-Wildlife

-Forests-Forests -Soil-Soil -Ecosystems-Ecosystems

Eliminate our community’s contributionEliminate our community’s contribution

to encroachment upon nature:to encroachment upon nature:

-Land-Land -Water-Water -Wildlife-Wildlife

-Forests-Forests -Soil-Soil -Ecosystems-Ecosystems

SEEDs for De Pere

System Condition 4System Condition 4System Condition 4System Condition 4

In the sustainable society,In the sustainable society,

people are not subject to conditions people are not subject to conditions

that systematically undermine their that systematically undermine their

capacity to meet their needscapacity to meet their needs

* How we meet human needs ** How we meet human needs *

In the sustainable society,In the sustainable society,

people are not subject to conditions people are not subject to conditions

that systematically undermine their that systematically undermine their

capacity to meet their needscapacity to meet their needs

* How we meet human needs ** How we meet human needs *

SEEDs for De Pere

Guiding Objective 4Guiding Objective 4Guiding Objective 4Guiding Objective 4

Meet human needs fairly & efficientlyMeet human needs fairly & efficientlyMeet human needs fairly & efficientlyMeet human needs fairly & efficiently

SEEDs for De Pere

Planning by ObjectivesPlanning by ObjectivesPlanning by ObjectivesPlanning by Objectives

Applying all 4 Objectives simultaneously: Applying all 4 Objectives simultaneously:

• Creates practices that can be relied upon Creates practices that can be relied upon

to truly move toward sustainabilityto truly move toward sustainability

• Generates action plans & strategies that Generates action plans & strategies that

assure a systems approachassure a systems approach

• Provides a compass for changeProvides a compass for change

Applying all 4 Objectives simultaneously: Applying all 4 Objectives simultaneously:

• Creates practices that can be relied upon Creates practices that can be relied upon

to truly move toward sustainabilityto truly move toward sustainability

• Generates action plans & strategies that Generates action plans & strategies that

assure a systems approachassure a systems approach

• Provides a compass for changeProvides a compass for change

SEEDs for De Pere

Tree of MunicipalitiesTree of MunicipalitiesTree of MunicipalitiesTree of MunicipalitiesComplex systems need treatment at root Complex systems need treatment at root

causes of unsustainable practicescauses of unsustainable practicesComplex systems need treatment at root Complex systems need treatment at root

causes of unsustainable practicescauses of unsustainable practices

SEEDs for De Pere

Leveling Out the FunnelLeveling Out the FunnelLeveling Out the FunnelLeveling Out the Funnel

The compass reorients human actionsThe compass reorients human actions

SEEDs for De Pere

Planning Methodology for ActionPlanning Methodology for Action

BackcastingBackcastingPlanning Methodology for ActionPlanning Methodology for Action

BackcastingBackcasting• Envision the most successful outcomeEnvision the most successful outcome

• Link to current circumstancesLink to current circumstances

• ““What shall we do to get there”What shall we do to get there”

• Use System Conditions to assess successUse System Conditions to assess success

• Envision the most successful outcomeEnvision the most successful outcome

• Link to current circumstancesLink to current circumstances

• ““What shall we do to get there”What shall we do to get there”

• Use System Conditions to assess successUse System Conditions to assess success

SEEDs for De Pere

Planning Methodology for ActionPlanning Methodology for ActionABCD ProcessABCD Process

Planning Methodology for ActionPlanning Methodology for ActionABCD ProcessABCD Process

• Systematic guide for thinking & Systematic guide for thinking &

actionaction

• Links shared vision of the Guiding Links shared vision of the Guiding

Principles with practical actionsPrinciples with practical actions

• Systematic guide for thinking & Systematic guide for thinking &

actionaction

• Links shared vision of the Guiding Links shared vision of the Guiding

Principles with practical actionsPrinciples with practical actions

SEEDs for De Pere

ABCD ProcessABCD Process

A - AwarenessA - AwarenessABCD ProcessABCD Process

A - AwarenessA - Awareness• Understanding sustainability & the Natural Understanding sustainability & the Natural

Step Framework as a shared mental modelStep Framework as a shared mental model

• Realize specific unsustainable conditionsRealize specific unsustainable conditions

• Willingness to join the cause by Willingness to join the cause by

understanding necessity & benefits of actionunderstanding necessity & benefits of action

• Understanding sustainability & the Natural Understanding sustainability & the Natural

Step Framework as a shared mental modelStep Framework as a shared mental model

• Realize specific unsustainable conditionsRealize specific unsustainable conditions

• Willingness to join the cause by Willingness to join the cause by

understanding necessity & benefits of actionunderstanding necessity & benefits of action

SEEDs for De Pere

ABCD ProcessABCD Process

B - Baseline MappingB - Baseline MappingABCD ProcessABCD Process

B - Baseline MappingB - Baseline Mapping• An assessment of “today”An assessment of “today”

• List & scrutinize all current flows and practices that are contributing to violations of the four System List & scrutinize all current flows and practices that are contributing to violations of the four System

ConditionsConditions

• Consider existing assets that are in place to deal with the problems effectivelyConsider existing assets that are in place to deal with the problems effectively

• An assessment of “today”An assessment of “today”

• List & scrutinize all current flows and practices that are contributing to violations of the four System List & scrutinize all current flows and practices that are contributing to violations of the four System

ConditionsConditions

• Consider existing assets that are in place to deal with the problems effectivelyConsider existing assets that are in place to deal with the problems effectively

SEEDs for De Pere

ABCD ProcessABCD Process

C - Compelling VisionC - Compelling VisionABCD ProcessABCD Process

C - Compelling VisionC - Compelling Vision• Imagine the future sustainable society within the System Conditions Imagine the future sustainable society within the System Conditions • Brainstorm, generate & list possible solutions and innovations by applying the constraints of the System ConditionsBrainstorm, generate & list possible solutions and innovations by applying the constraints of the System Conditions• Trigger creativity & scrutinize suggested solutionsTrigger creativity & scrutinize suggested solutions• ““Where are we now, where will be in the future”Where are we now, where will be in the future”• Use of BackcastingUse of Backcasting

• Imagine the future sustainable society within the System Conditions Imagine the future sustainable society within the System Conditions • Brainstorm, generate & list possible solutions and innovations by applying the constraints of the System ConditionsBrainstorm, generate & list possible solutions and innovations by applying the constraints of the System Conditions• Trigger creativity & scrutinize suggested solutionsTrigger creativity & scrutinize suggested solutions• ““Where are we now, where will be in the future”Where are we now, where will be in the future”• Use of BackcastingUse of Backcasting

SEEDs for De Pere

ABCD ProcessABCD Process

D - Down to ActionD - Down to ActionABCD ProcessABCD Process

D - Down to ActionD - Down to Action•Create an action plan Create an action plan

•Priorities from the prior Compelling Vision list are madePriorities from the prior Compelling Vision list are made

•Smart early moves & concrete programs for change are launchedSmart early moves & concrete programs for change are launched

•Innovative actions are prioritized by screening with the following ?’s:Innovative actions are prioritized by screening with the following ?’s:Does the action:Does the action: move us in the direction of all four System Conditionsmove us in the direction of all four System Conditions create a flexible platform, i.e. a stepping stone toward future create a flexible platform, i.e. a stepping stone toward future improvements or a blind alleyimprovements or a blind alley provide a good return on investment to seed future investmentsprovide a good return on investment to seed future investments

Investment analysis must include social and environmental Investment analysis must include social and environmental costs & benefits as well as economic onescosts & benefits as well as economic ones

•Create an action plan Create an action plan

•Priorities from the prior Compelling Vision list are madePriorities from the prior Compelling Vision list are made

•Smart early moves & concrete programs for change are launchedSmart early moves & concrete programs for change are launched

•Innovative actions are prioritized by screening with the following ?’s:Innovative actions are prioritized by screening with the following ?’s:Does the action:Does the action: move us in the direction of all four System Conditionsmove us in the direction of all four System Conditions create a flexible platform, i.e. a stepping stone toward future create a flexible platform, i.e. a stepping stone toward future improvements or a blind alleyimprovements or a blind alley provide a good return on investment to seed future investmentsprovide a good return on investment to seed future investments

Investment analysis must include social and environmental Investment analysis must include social and environmental costs & benefits as well as economic onescosts & benefits as well as economic ones

SEEDs for De Pere

Review of SustainabilityReview of Sustainability (1)(1)Review of SustainabilityReview of Sustainability (1)(1)

DefinitionDefinition

Meets the needs of the present without Meets the needs of the present without

compromising the ability of future compromising the ability of future

generations to meet their own needsgenerations to meet their own needs

DefinitionDefinition

Meets the needs of the present without Meets the needs of the present without

compromising the ability of future compromising the ability of future

generations to meet their own needsgenerations to meet their own needs

SEEDs for De Pere

Review of SustainabilityReview of Sustainability (2)(2)Review of SustainabilityReview of Sustainability (2)(2)

Four Guiding ObjectivesFour Guiding Objectives

1) Reduce wasteful dependence upon fossil 1) Reduce wasteful dependence upon fossil

fuels, underground metals & mineralsfuels, underground metals & minerals

2) Reduce wasteful dependence upon chemical 2) Reduce wasteful dependence upon chemical

& unnatural substances& unnatural substances

3) Reduce encroachment upon nature3) Reduce encroachment upon nature

4) Meet human needs fairly & efficiently4) Meet human needs fairly & efficiently

Four Guiding ObjectivesFour Guiding Objectives

1) Reduce wasteful dependence upon fossil 1) Reduce wasteful dependence upon fossil

fuels, underground metals & mineralsfuels, underground metals & minerals

2) Reduce wasteful dependence upon chemical 2) Reduce wasteful dependence upon chemical

& unnatural substances& unnatural substances

3) Reduce encroachment upon nature3) Reduce encroachment upon nature

4) Meet human needs fairly & efficiently4) Meet human needs fairly & efficiently

SEEDs for De Pere

Review of Sustainability Review of Sustainability (3)(3)Review of Sustainability Review of Sustainability (3)(3)

Apply the 4 Objectives & ABCD process to action plansApply the 4 Objectives & ABCD process to action plansApply the 4 Objectives & ABCD process to action plansApply the 4 Objectives & ABCD process to action plans

Sustainable supply

Sustainable demand

Guiding Objectives

A-B-C-D

SEEDs for De Pere

DiscussionDiscussionDiscussionDiscussion

Does recycling Does recycling

meet the 4 Guiding Objectives ?meet the 4 Guiding Objectives ?

Does recycling Does recycling

meet the 4 Guiding Objectives ?meet the 4 Guiding Objectives ?

SEEDs for De Pere

Review of SustainabilityReview of Sustainability (2)(2)Review of SustainabilityReview of Sustainability (2)(2)

Four Guiding ObjectivesFour Guiding Objectives

1) Reduce wasteful dependence upon fossil 1) Reduce wasteful dependence upon fossil

fuels, underground metals & mineralsfuels, underground metals & minerals

2) Reduce wasteful dependence upon chemical 2) Reduce wasteful dependence upon chemical

& unnatural substances& unnatural substances

3) Reduce encroachment upon nature3) Reduce encroachment upon nature

4) Meet human needs fairly & efficiently4) Meet human needs fairly & efficiently

Four Guiding ObjectivesFour Guiding Objectives

1) Reduce wasteful dependence upon fossil 1) Reduce wasteful dependence upon fossil

fuels, underground metals & mineralsfuels, underground metals & minerals

2) Reduce wasteful dependence upon chemical 2) Reduce wasteful dependence upon chemical

& unnatural substances& unnatural substances

3) Reduce encroachment upon nature3) Reduce encroachment upon nature

4) Meet human needs fairly & efficiently4) Meet human needs fairly & efficiently

SEEDs for De Pere

DiscussionDiscussionDiscussionDiscussion

Does EthanolDoes Ethanol

meet the 4 Guiding Objectives ?meet the 4 Guiding Objectives ?

Does EthanolDoes Ethanol

meet the 4 Guiding Objectives ?meet the 4 Guiding Objectives ?

SEEDs for De Pere

Review of SustainabilityReview of Sustainability (2)(2)Review of SustainabilityReview of Sustainability (2)(2)

Four Guiding ObjectivesFour Guiding Objectives

1) Reduce wasteful dependence upon fossil 1) Reduce wasteful dependence upon fossil

fuels, underground metals & mineralsfuels, underground metals & minerals

2) Reduce wasteful dependence upon chemical 2) Reduce wasteful dependence upon chemical

& unnatural substances& unnatural substances

3) Reduce encroachment upon nature3) Reduce encroachment upon nature

4) Meet human needs fairly & efficiently4) Meet human needs fairly & efficiently

Four Guiding ObjectivesFour Guiding Objectives

1) Reduce wasteful dependence upon fossil 1) Reduce wasteful dependence upon fossil

fuels, underground metals & mineralsfuels, underground metals & minerals

2) Reduce wasteful dependence upon chemical 2) Reduce wasteful dependence upon chemical

& unnatural substances& unnatural substances

3) Reduce encroachment upon nature3) Reduce encroachment upon nature

4) Meet human needs fairly & efficiently4) Meet human needs fairly & efficiently