15th December Sergi Lozano / Chair of Sociology, in particular of Modeling and Simulation / [email protected]
A computational approach to structural and
cultural dimensions of social cohesion
Rational Choice Sociology: Theory & Empirical Applications
Venice International University. December 3-7, 2007.
S. Lozano, J. Borge, A. Arenas and J.L. Molina.
25th December Sergi Lozano / Chair of Sociology, in particular of Modeling and Simulation / [email protected]
Outline
Introduction
Examples from literature
Model
Experiment
Conclusion
35th December Sergi Lozano / Chair of Sociology, in particular of Modeling and Simulation / [email protected]
Introduction
Social Cohesion:
Issue under study for long (Durkheim, 1956).
Related to many phenomena of interest:- Community conceptualization (Wellman & Leighton, 1979)
- Social exclusion and integration (Room 1995)
- Embeddedness (Granovetter 1985, 1992)
Diffuse from a theoretical viewpoint.
45th December Sergi Lozano / Chair of Sociology, in particular of Modeling and Simulation / [email protected]
Introduction
Attempts to operationalize social cohesion
Social networks approach (specially well-suited to
mathematical treatment of social interactions)(Wasserman & Faust, 1994) (Moody & White, 2003)
55th December Sergi Lozano / Chair of Sociology, in particular of Modeling and Simulation / [email protected]
Introduction
One particular approach in this line: Group
structural cohesion:
“the minimum number of actors who, if removed from the
group, would disconnect the group” (Moody & White, 2003)
Our goal: Extent structural approach with cultural
aspects in a dynamical environment (role of social
cohesion in collective action).
65th December Sergi Lozano / Chair of Sociology, in particular of Modeling and Simulation / [email protected]
Examples from literature
(Gould, 1991): Insurgent activity during Paris
Commune 1871.
Interplay social networks and mobilization process.
(Stark & Vedres, 2006): Evolution of Hungarian
economical structure during the transition.
75th December Sergi Lozano / Chair of Sociology, in particular of Modeling and Simulation / [email protected]
Examples from literature (II)
(Murphy, 1957): Mundurucú’s warfare behaviour.
Intercommunity cooperation in warfare facilitated by
cross-cutting ties of residential and kinship affinity.
85th December Sergi Lozano / Chair of Sociology, in particular of Modeling and Simulation / [email protected]
Examples from literature (III)
Common features:
Focused on processes, not static situations.
Social structure.
Role of conflict level (‘temperature’ of social
environment).
95th December Sergi Lozano / Chair of Sociology, in particular of Modeling and Simulation / [email protected]
Examples from literature (IV)
Interaction of variables at different scales
(Coleman 1990):
Transition of the system (macro)
InfluencesOpportunities
Agents behaviour (micro)
Macroscopical effect of individual behaviour
105th December Sergi Lozano / Chair of Sociology, in particular of Modeling and Simulation / [email protected]
Model
N, variable number of undirected (bidirectional) links.
Each individual i has a hi (opinion, positioning)
115th December Sergi Lozano / Chair of Sociology, in particular of Modeling and Simulation / [email protected]
Model (II)
Initial scenario
Social positions uniformly distributed
Network: Link probability dependent on homophily and
the ‘social distance’ among agents (Boguñá et al., 2004).
125th December Sergi Lozano / Chair of Sociology, in particular of Modeling and Simulation / [email protected]
Model (III)
Dynamics of the model (coevolution):
Imitation
Rewiring
Social Noise
135th December Sergi Lozano / Chair of Sociology, in particular of Modeling and Simulation / [email protected]
Model (IV)
2 additional requirements for the model:
Variations in ‘social temperature’: b parametre in
probability of link.
Observable to signal changes on social cohesiveness:
average degree, clustering coefficient, number of isolated
components or groups.
145th December Sergi Lozano / Chair of Sociology, in particular of Modeling and Simulation / [email protected]
Experiment
2 crisis cycles (sudden increase of ‘social
temperature’ followed by longer reactionary
period ).
155th December Sergi Lozano / Chair of Sociology, in particular of Modeling and Simulation / [email protected]
Experiment (II)
165th December Sergi Lozano / Chair of Sociology, in particular of Modeling and Simulation / [email protected]
Experiment (III)
Transition of the system (macro)
Variationsof b
Changes on individualsconnectivity and hi values
New topologyNew distribution of hi
175th December Sergi Lozano / Chair of Sociology, in particular of Modeling and Simulation / [email protected]
Conclusions
A simple model to explore a dynamic perspective of social
cohesion.
We observed interesting phenomena induced by changes
on the ‘social temperature’.
Causal path among different topological levels.
Initial conditions could be defined in a different way.
Other observables for dynamical social cohesion.
185th December Sergi Lozano / Chair of Sociology, in particular of Modeling and Simulation / [email protected]
Thank you for your attention!
195th December Sergi Lozano / Chair of Sociology, in particular of Modeling and Simulation / [email protected]
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