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Page CONTENTS

3 The Truth About Trapping 4 Editorial-Truth About

Trapping 8 Iowa Lakes Charted

10 Iowa's "Only Child" Fish 12 Record Racks 14 Warden's Notebook 14 Book Review 1 S Classroom Corner

Fred A. Priewert, Director COMMISSIOHERS LES LICKLIDER, Cho1rmon - Cherokee THOMAS A BATES - Bellevue JIM D. BIXLER - Counc1l Bluffs JOHN G. LINK - Burlington HERBERT T REED - Wmterset JOHN C THOMPSON - Forest City CAROLYN LUMBARD. Des Moines

Iowa Conservationist Vol. 32 November, 1973 No. 11

Published monthly by the Iowa Conserva· tion CommiSSion. State Office BU1Id1ng. 300 4th Street. Des Motnes. Iowa 5031g Address all ma11 (subscriptions. change of address. Form 3579. manuscnpts. ma11 items) to the above address Subscription price one year at $1 00

two years at $2 00 four years at $3 50

Second class postage paid at Des Motnes. Iowa. (No R1ghts Reserved ).

The Iowa Conservationist, as a contrtbulton to the preservation or our natural resources and the protecuon or the ecology, IS pr1nted on 100% reclaimed waste paper .

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4 IOWA CONSERVATIONIST

Editorial .•• by Jon Gibson

Information Specialist

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Sadly, a group of well-mean­ing but unknowledgable people are banding together to try to put an end to the use of the steel trap. Like the anti-hunting set, the1r arguments agamst trapping are based on misguided emotion without factual basis and are totally void of msight into the consequences .

The following statements sum­manze the arguments against trapping prevalent in this move­ment:

1 Trapping 1s mhumane and causes undue suffering.

2 Trapping leads to the ex­tmctwn of wild animals.

3 Trapping laws are poorly enforced

4. Trapping breeds an undesir­able quality in man. 5 Fur 1s an unneeded, luxury

item 6 Every ammal has the "right

to hve" Now let's look at the the facts

that these statements have over­looked

1. Trapping is inhumane, causes undue suffe ring. All ammals die, most by disease

and starvation. Trappin g certain­ly brmgs death faster and with less suffermg.

2. Tra pping leads to extinction. I n every case, extinction was

not caused by man the trapper, but man the habitat destroyer (the housing developer, th e marsh drainer, the road builder). Trap­ping as a management tool, keeps populations in balance and is one effective means for monitoring pop u 1 at ion trends. Animals caught by the trapper are there­fore less likely to become extinct Populations of all furbearers be­ing currently trapped are heal­thy; many are at record levels. in­creasmg the1r numbers, and ex­panding their range. Beaver are returning to areas of Iowa pre­viously devoid; this rapid m-

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PLEASE PRINT -I Gift for I Street/ R.F.D

City/ State Zip -· D 1 YEAR $1.00

D 2 YEAR $2.00 D 4 YEAR $3.50

Gift for ____________ _

I Street/ R.F.D -----------C1ty/ State Zip __

0 1 YEAR $1.00

0 2 YEAR $2.00 0 4 YEAR $3.50

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City/State Zip

0 1 YEAR $1.00

0 2 YEAR $2.00 D 4 YEAR $3.50

Gift From-----------­

Street/ R.F.D ----------­

City / State Zip--

D 1 YEAR $1.00

0 2 YEAR $2.00 0 4 YEAR $3.50

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4 IOWA CONSERVATIONIST

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Editorial ••.

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by Jon Gibson Information Specialist

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Sadly, a gn ing but unkn< are bandmg toe an end to the U!

Like the anti-arguments aga

A GIFT TIP

FROM SANTA!

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based on m without factu< totally void o1 consequences

The followm marize the a trapping preva ment:

A SUBSCRIPTION TO THE

IOWA CONSERVATIONIST MAKES AN IDEAL CHRISTMAS GIFT

1. Trapping causes undue s1

2. Trapping tmction of wile

3. Trapping enforced.

All you have to do is fill out the order blank on the reverse side, enclose the proper remittance and we do the rest

4. Trappmg 1 able quality in 5. Fur is an

item.

We will send the gift recipient before Christmas a gift card notifying him or her of your thoughtfulness.

6. Every aniJ to live"

MAIL TODAY- NO POSTAGE NEEDED IF MAILED IN UNITED STATES

Now let's lo that these state looked. SUBSCRIPTION RATES

1. Trapping i~

undue suffe rin1 1 Year (12 Issues) .................. $1.00

All animals di and starvation. ly brings deat1

2 Years (24 Issues) ••••.•••..••.... $2.00 4 Years (48 Issues) .•...........•.. $3.50

less suffering. 2. T rapping leads to extinction. In every case, extinction was

not caused by man the trapper, but man the habitat destroyer (the housing developer, the marsh drainer, the road builder). Trap­ping as a management tool, keeps populations in balance and is one effective means for monitoring pop u I at i o n trends. Animals caught by the trapper are there­fore less likely to become extinct. Populations of all furbearers be­ing currently trapped are heal­thy; many are at record levels. in­creasing thetr numbers, and ex­panding thetr range. Beaver are returning to areas of Iowa pre­viously devoid; this rapid in-

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Beaver have retumecl to Iowa in strong numbers

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If not harvested, valuable muskrats overpopulate Iowa's marshes

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Raccoon populotioe remains high despite hunting, trapping

crease in numbers and range is in the face of more liberal trapping regulations.

Constant hunting and trapping pressure has not slowed the tre­mendous increase in Iowa's coy­ote population.

Skunk populations are at such high levels that disease has be­come rampant among them.

Endangered species of wildlife, were not put in that position by trapping when regulated under the principles of modern wildlife management.

3. Trapping laws are poorly en­forced.

Nonsense. Records show that the vast majority of Iow a's trap­pers obey the laws. Trained law enforcement officers are on marshes and streams day and night and violators are appre­hended.

4 Trapping breeds undesirable quality in man.

Just the opposite is true. A boy trapper grows up in the outdoors and gains a true understanding of the ways of nature, of predation, of life and birth, and of the role of man in the scheme of nature. How many drug freaks get their "high" by trapping?

5. Fur is an unneeded, luxury item.

No way! Fur is a renewable re­source which will go to waste if not cropped. Consider this in light of the fact th at many clothes are made of synth etic fibers which are made of non-renewable re­sources and which consume vast quantities of our precious energy resources in their manufacture. Indeed, fur is a welcome item, not an unneeded one.

IOWA CONSERVATIONIST 7

6. Every animal has a right to live.

No animal has immortality, death will occur in one manner or another.

There is no concept of "rights" in nature. "The right to live" is a concept of man. As a hawk swoops down on a rabbit, does he first consider the "justice" in this act? Does a fox have the "right" to devour a field mouse or does that mouse have the "right" to a fair trial, before reaching his in­evitable destiny? As a starving muskrat freezes to death in an overpopulated marsh what "right to live" has he?

Man can play many roles in re­lationship to nature and wildlife. He can destroy through habitat destruction, or conserve through wise management practices, but he cannot ascribe his concept of "rights" to the natural world. *

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IOWA CONSERVATIONIST 9

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GRAPHIC SCALE IN HUNDREDS OF FEET

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COPYRIGHT BY

IOWA CONSERVATION COMMISSION

r------·-------------------, LEGEND

----STATE OWNED LAND

@ SECTION CORNER

• BOAT LAUNCHING RAMP

~ BOAT LIVERY

0 PUBLIC CAMPING

11t!i SUBMERGENT VEGETATION ~

~NOTES SOU"'OINGS BY RECORDING FATHOMETER AQJUSTEO TO DAM SPILLWAY CREST­BY ET ROSE 1973

SHORELINE 3 B MILES

AREA 72 ACRES

MAX DEPTH 4 0' _j --------------------

RED HAW LAKE LUCAS COUNTY

10

PADDLEFISH Polyodon spathula

(Walbaum)

BOWFIN Amia colva linnaeus

Iowans don't have to travel to a marmeland of the Pacific or vtsit a seaquarium of the Atlantic to see unique and interesting fish, for many such finny creatures re­side in Iowa waters. To introduce you to some of these fish there follows both a picture and brief descnption of some of these fish. Thts IS not a complete list of all such unusual fish in Iowa, but those arbitrarily chosen because they are the only Iowa repre­sentative, or species, in a given fish family. Here are Iowa's elev­en "only child" fish :

PADDLEFISH (Polyodon spathula)

The primitive paddlefish fam­ily, Polyodontidae, contains two species, one in the Mississippi River drainage and another in

Asia's Yangtze River drainage. The paddlefish of the major in­land and border rivers of Iowa was wrongly called a freshwater shark a century ago because, like saltwater sharks, its skeleton is more cartilage than bone. Evolu­tionary evidence of its ancient age is Its heterocercal tail in which the vetebral column ex­tends mto the upper tail lobe, makmg it longer and stronger than the lower one.

Through time the paddlefish snout has acquired a sensory function by growing forward and carrying the anterior part of the skull and Its associated sensory nerves and organs for sight, smell, and touch with it. For feeding paddle fish don't use teeth, but rows of long feathery filaments on the mside of their gills to sieve plankton, or small aquatic orgamsms from the wa­ter. This fish which can weigh several hundred pounds feeds on organisms which can weigh a millionth of an ounce.

Although not so common now, paddlefish were formerly so nu­merous that m terms of pound­age they were the major com­mercial catch on the Mississippi.

BOWFIN (Arnia calva)

The Bowfm is a monotypic species, the only living repre­resentatlve of its ancient family, Amiidae. Backwaters of the Mis­SISSippi and Missouri Rivers and their larger tributaries are their favorite habitat. One unusual thing is that they have cycloid scales like trout which lack the rough pnckles of the other major scale type ctenoid. Testimony to its old ongm IS its heavy skull with few bones; both conditions mdicatmg a primitive stage of evolution. Bowfm are perhaps the most savage ftsh in Iowa.

AMERICAN EEL (Anguilla rostrata)

Th1s true fish of the family Angu1llidae should not be con­fused with the true eel (lam­prey) family, Petromyzontidae

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AMERICAN EEl Anguilla rostrata

(LeSueur)

BUR BOT Lata Iota (linnaeus)

Unlike lamprey eels, the Ameri­can eel which is closely related to the saltwater tarpon has jaw­bones. Also, the American eel has ordinary fish scales, although they are so small it takes 150 to cover a square inch.

American eels are catadro­mous, they live their adult lives in freshwater and migrate to the sea to spawn, just the opposite of anadromous fish like salmon. Similar to Pacific salmon though, American eels die immediately after spawning. The freshwater eels of Iowa spawn in the Sar­gasso Sea of the tropical Atlantic and lay as many as 11 million eggs per female.

This fish, highly prized i n Europe for its rich taste, plies Iowa waters at night and occca­sionally travels overland from one body of water to another.

CENTRAL MUDMINNOW (Umbra limi)

There are three specices in the mudminnow family, Umbridae;

one along the Atlantic Coast of North America, another in southern Europe, and one found here in the Midwest. This small fish which loves silt- bottomed river backwaters and the lakes of eastern and north central Iowa, is a popular bait fish easily recognized by its distinctively rounded tail.

BURBOT (Lota Iota)

This only freshwater member of the saltwater cod family, Gadi­dae, can be easily recognized as such by the presence of a single, small barbel in the middle of its chin. Just like its saltwater cous­in, it has a large liver used as a home remedy, the liquid ex­tracted from it being referred to as "cods' liver oil." In Iowa these fish mhabit the colder, deeper waters of the Mississippi and Missouri. Young cod up to ten inches long are sometimes taken from northeastern Iowa trout

IOWA CONSERVATIONIST 11

TROUT-PERCH Pen:opsis omiscomaycus

(Walbaum)

streams where the adult fish spawn.

TROUT-PERCH ( Percopsis omiscomaycus)

This small, spotted fish is one of the two species in the trout­perch family, Percopsidae. In Iowa it inhabits the Mississippi and its tributaries, tributaries of the Missouri, and the natural lakes of Dickinson County. It is the only fish known to have both a spiny-rayed dorsal fin like a walleye and a dorsal adipose fin (a fleshy, rayless fin) like a brown trout.

PIRATE-PERCH (Aphredoderus sayanus)

This member of the pirate­perch family, Aphredoderidae, resembles a young largemouth bass. Its favorite Iowa habitat is small, vegetation-choked backwa­ters of Mississippi tributaries In adult fish, the anus migrates from its normal position in front of

12

I

BROOK SILVERSIDE Labidesthes sicculus

(Cope)

BROOK STICKLEBACK Eucalia inconstans

(Kirtland)

the anal fin to just behind the gills at the base of the throat.

BROOK SILVERSIDE (Labidesthes sicculus)

Also called the ghost minnow because of Its ultra-transparent body, this species of the silver­side family, Atherinidae, attains a length of three inches. The brook silversides' slender body is dommated by its huge eyes, and made distmctive by its sharp snout, wing-shaped pectoral fins, and keel-shaped anal and posteri­or dorsal fins. Iowa specimens have been collected from Clear Lake, Lake Ahquabi, and the Mississippi and its t r ibutaries.

FRESHWATER DRUM (Aplodinotus grunniens)

Resemblmg the saltwater red snapper (except for not bemg red), the freshwater drum, or sheepshead, IS a member of the drum family, Scianidae. It is found m both the Mississippi and Missouri and the lower stretches of their tributaries, and in our larger natural lakes.

Unusual characteristics are the grun tmg sounds drum often make when feedmg or after being

caught by fishermen; the lateral line (furrow of sensory nerves running along the fish's side) ex­tending into the tail, the long dorsal fm, and the bifurcate (rounded) tall. Drum are perhaps the most important fish in the commercial fishery catches on the Mississippi.

SLIMY SCULPIN (Cottus cognatus)

A native of the spring runs of northeastern Iowa, t he s 1 i m y sculpin is a member of the huge (106 species) sculpin family, Cot­tidae. Often gomg by the name of "miller's thumb" because of its flattened appearance, its low­slung body and broad , grasping pectoral fins help it cling to bot­tom rocks in the swift currents it inhabits. In early spring, spawn­ing males are a beautiful fish to behold with their flaming orange­tipped fms and bellies. This f ish is the pattern for the famous "muddler minnow" stream er so popular with western trout fish­ermen.

BROOK STICKLEBACK (Culaea inconstans)

The brook stickleback, a mem­ber of the stickleback family,

SliMY SCULPIN Coitus cognatus

Richardson

Gasterosteidae, Inhabits cold, clear, vegetated waters in north­ern Iowa. Behavioral scientists have studied these little, five­spmed fish for years During the breeding season the sexes are in­volved in an unmatched, in tricate courtship. For successful spawn­ing each sex m ust respond to the other's complex displays in a dif­ferent but equally intricate man­ner. Such actions mvolve unusu­al swimming patterns, complex body m ovements, and color changes; a nd are culminated by the male guarding the eggs in a specially built, tube-like nest of sticks and vegetation.

Many of the accounts and photographs of th1s article were taken from Iowa Fish and Fish­ing. For $4 Iowans ($4.50 for non­residents) can obtam a copy, complete with beautiful color paintings by Maynard Reece of Iowa's native f1sh, from the Iowa Conservation Commission, 3 0 0 4th Street, Des Momes, Iowa 50319. ~

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- --·et--- -·-------Typical ______ 140 Points Nontypical ___ 160 Points

Archery T ypical ______ 115 Points Nontypical ___ 120 Points

In 1972, over 70 qualifying racks were officially entered in Iowa's "Record Racks" list. One was a new state record (shotgun typical) which measured 195 Va. George Ross, Ottumwa, was the hunter who took the trophy white-tail. For other racks mea­sured in 1972, see the accompany­ing list. (Pg. 16)

Bob Fudge Loy J . Booker Norman R. Bell Delmar Phillips Delmar Phillips C lem Efta Steve Cline Morvin Peterson

Name Blome Solzkorn Dennis Bollard Leroy Spiker H. F. Nelson Gordon Vromo Bob Oden Ted Smith F. L. Grant Guy Williams Robert Baxter

IOWA CONSERVATIONIST 13

J :acks

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AE lOW A TOP TEN RACKS

iHOTGUN TYPICAL

.ddress lttumwo ouncd Bluffs edford urlrngton orkersburg Aorble Rock 'ella :han ton Htumwo i reenf1eld

Year 1969 1971 1967 1967 1972 1968 1969 1969 1969 1970

OTGUN NONTYPICAL

'ddress Aoorheod .umner -iordy :ouncil Bluffs <A1ssouri Volley -.Jorwolk ~do1r _omoni _lttle Sioux )skolooso

Year 1968 1969 1971 1969 1964 1969 1967 1969 1958 1971

County Wapello Horn son Taylo r Des Mornes Butler Floyd Marion Lucas Hardin Adair

County Monona Von Buren Humboldt Pottowottom 1e Harrison Warren Mod1son Decatur Harrison Mahaska

' AND ARROW TYPICAL

b.ddress Knoxville Amana Burlington Clinton Burlington Anamosa Anamosa Auburn Des Mornes Rock Rapids

Year 1962 1965 1966 1963 1971 1964 1969 1970 1963 1970

County Monroe Iowa Des Moines Clinton Des Moines Linn Jones Soc Madison Lyon

BOW AND ARROW NONTYPICAL

Addre.ss Sutherland Iowa C ity Harpers Ferry Iowa Falls Davenport Waukon Oskaloosa Swan Cedar Rapids VIl lisca

Year 1970 1971 1968 1964 1967 1971 1969 1963 1972 1970

County Cloy J ohnson Allamokee Hardin Scott Allomokee Mahaska Warren Lrnn Montgomery

Total Score 195 1/ 8 185 1/ 8 183 7/ 8 175 174 4 8 174 2/8 174 171 2/ 8 171 1/ 8 169 3/ 8

Total Score 250 4/ 8 224 4/ 8 221 4/ 8 218 3/ 8 213 7/ 8 201 6/ 8 197 7; 8 196 5/ 8 195 1 / 8 193

Total Score 197 6/ 8 172 2/8 170 4/ 8 166 164 4/ 8 163 3/ 8 161 4/ 8 161 2/8 160 4/ 8 160 4/ 8

Total Score 216 3/ 8 197 4/ 8 183 4/ 8 181 3/ 8 167 6/ 8 166 4/8 154 7/8 151 3/8 150 1/ 8 142 5/8

12

BROOK SILVERSIDE Labidesthes sicculus

(Cope)

BROOK STICKLEBACK Eucalia inconsfans

(Kirtland)

th e anal fin to just behind the gills at the base of the throat.

BROOK SIL VERSIDE (Labidesthes sicculus)

Also called the ghost minnow because of its ultra-transparent body, this species of the silver­side family, Atherinidae, attams a length of three inches. The brook sliversides' slender body is dommated by its huge eyes, and made distinctive by its shar p snout, wing-shaped pectoral fins, and keel-shaped anal and posteri­or dorsal fins. Iowa specimens have been collected from Clear Lake, Lake Ahquabi, and the Mississippi and its tributaries.

FRESHWATER DRUM (Aplodinotus grunniens)

Resembling the saltwater red snapper (except for not being red), the freshwater drum, or sheepshead, is a member of the drum family, Scianidae. It is found in both the Mississippi and Missouri and the lower stretches of their tributaries, and in our larger natural lakes.

Unusual characteristics are the grunting sounds drum often make when feedmg or after being

caug lme runn tend1 d on (roUJ the comr the

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sculpm IS a member of the huge (106 species) sculpin family, Cot­tidae. Often going by the name of "miller's thumb" because of its flattened appearance, its low­slung body and broad, grasping pectoral fins help it cling to bot­tom rocks in the swift currents it mhabits. In early spring, spawn­ing males are a beautiful fish to behold With their flaming orange­tipped fms and bellies. This fish Is the pattern for the famous "muddler minnow" streamer so popular with western trout fish­ermen.

BROOK STICKLEBACK (Culaea inconstans)

The brook stickleback, a mem­ber of the stickleback family,

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Many of the accounts and photographs of this article were taken from Iowa Fish and F ish­ing. For $4 Iowans ($4.50 for non­residents) can obtain a copy, complete with beautiful color pamtmgs by Maynard Reece of Iowa's native fish, from the Iowa Conservation Commission, 3 0 0 4th Street, Des Moines, Iowa 50319 ~

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IOWA CON S ERVATIONIST 13

Record Racks Have you entered that trophy

rack in Iowa's Official Record Racks list? If you haven't, here's the particulars on how it's done.

First of all the trophy buck must be legally taken with bow and arrow or shotgun - muzzle­loader within Iowa boundaries. If the rack meets minimum scoring standards you qualify for a cer­tificate and a colorful shoulder patch in recognitwn of your feat. Deer taken in past seasons as well as the present are elgible for entry. To have the rack officially measured simply con tact the Iowa Conservation Commission, Information and Education Sec­tion, 300 4th Street, Des Moines, Iowa 50319. After we receive noti­fication, we will forward a name of an official scorer who may be contacted. Because of shrinkage in varying degrees when antlers dry out, they cannot be officially measured for at least 60 days.

The scoring system used for Iowa records is identical to the Pope and Young and Boone and Crockett Clubs. The Pope and Young Club maintains scores for archery killed deer while Boone and Crockett keeps records for big game legally taken with fire­arms.

The four following classes with minimum scores for each will re­ceive recognition :

Shotgun - Muzzleloader Typical ______ 140 Points Nontypical ___ 160 P oints

Archery Typical ------115 Points Nontypical ___ 120 P oints

In 1972, over 70 qualifying racks were officially entered in Iowa's "Record Racks" list. One was a new state record (shotgun typical) which measured 195 lfs. George Ross, Ottumwa, was the hunter who took the trophy white-tail. For other racks mea­sured in 1972, see the accompany­ing list. (Pg. 16)

Name George L. Ross Morvm E. Tippery Wayne Swartz Craig Field Vernon S1mon Jim Lines

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ALL TIME IOWA TOP TEN RACKS

SHOTGUN TYPICAL

County Wapello Harrison Taylo r Des Momes Butler

Donn1e R Lontenboch Charles Tighe

Address Ottumwa Council Bluffs Bedford Burlmgton Parkersburg Marble Rock Pella Chariton Ottumwa Greenfield

Year 1969 1971 1967 1967 1972 1968 1969 1969 1969 1970

Floyd Monon Lucas Hordm Ada ir

John Newby W . R Huff

Name Carrol Johnson Leroy G Everhart Donald Crossley John Meyers Dick Johnson Leland Cortum Joe W Burns J oy T . Toney Chester Hilton Donald C. Bailey

Nome Lloyd Good Ard1e Lockridge Bob Fudge Loy J . Booker Norman R. Bell Delma r Phillips Delmar Phillips Clem Efta Steve Cline Morvm Peterson

Name Blome Solzkorn Dennis Bollard Leroy Spiker H . F. Nelson Gordon V ramo Bob Oden Ted Smith F. L. Grant Guy W II hams Robert Baxter

SHOTGUN NONTYPICAL

Address Moorhead Sumner Hardy Council Bluffs M1ssouri Volley Norwa lk Ado1r Lamoni L1ttle Sioux Oskaloosa

Yeor 1968 1969 1971 1969 1964 1969 1967 1969 1958 1971

County Monona Von Buren Humboldt Pottowottom1e Harrison Warren Madison Decatur Harrison Mahaska

BOW AND ARROW TYPICAL

Address Knoxville Amana Burlmgton Clinton Burlmgton Anamosa Anamosa Auburn Des Moines Rock Rapids

Yeor 1962 1965 1966 1963 1971 1964 1969 1970 1963 1970

County Monroe Iowa Des Moines Clinton Des Moines Lmn Jones Soc Madison Lyon

BOW AND ARROW NONTYPICAL

Address Sutherland Iowa City Harpers Ferry Iowa Falls Davenport Waukon Oskaloosa Swan Cedar Rapids Villisca

Yeor 1970 1971 1968 1964 1967 1971 1969 1963 1972 1970

County C loy Johnson Allomokee Hardin Scott A llomokee Mahaska Warren Linn Montgomery

Total Score 195 1/8 185 1/8 183 7/8 175 174 4/8 174 2/8 174 171 2/ 8 171 I / 8 169 3/ 8

Total Score 250 4/ 8 224 4/ 8 221 4/ 8 218 3/ 8 213 7/ 8 201 6/ 8 197 7/8 196 5/8 195 1/ 8 193

Total Score 197 6/ 8 172 2/ 8 170 4/ 8 166 164 4/ 8 163 3/ 8 161 4/ 8 161 2/ 8 160 4/ 8 160 4/ 8

T otal Score 216 3/ 8 197 4/ 8 183 4/ 8 181 3/ 8 167 6/ 8 166 4/ 8 154 7/8 151 3/8 150 1/8 142 5 8

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By Curt Powell Administration

Conservation Education Center

Have you ever been lost? How about "just turned around"? What should you do if you should become lost?

The Conservation Education Center is located in Springbrook State Park. Springbrook Park consists of hundreds of acres. In fact, it covers one section of land. How many acres are in a sec­tion? Although our trails are marked, there is still parts of the Park that there are no trails through. Therefore, it is possible for people to become "turned around" if they are careless in hiking.

One thing we try to instruct our guests on at the Center, is what to do if they do become lost. This information should ap­ply anywhere or anytime that you might become confused. The main thing you should remember is to stay calm. Nothing is ever acco m plished by frightened panic. Sit down, relax and try to reason your way out of the pre­dicament you find yourself in.

If you should have a compass, use it. If you don't, line up two distant landmarks you can sight

IOWA CON S ERVATIONI S T 15

on and head in that direction. Keep lined up on those land­marks, or you might find your­self walking in a circle. Eventu­ally you will find a landmark or some thing familiar that will as­sist you in fmding your way back to camp.

Let's suppose that you stray away from your group. If so, let them find you, rather than you trying to find them. Some one will note that you are gone and start looking. In this case the best thmg to do is stay in one spot. Assist the searchers by using the universal distress sig­nal (3 shouts, 3 fires, 3 whistle blasts) . Searchers will reply with 2 shouts, fires, whistle blasts, etc. Make yourself comfortable and wait to be found.

Do you know how to use a com pass? Your classroom and school yard is a good place to learn. A compass consists of a free swinging magnetized needle, balancing on a pin point. The needle, when it is at rest, points to magnetic North. What would happen if you placed a piece of iron near the compass? How many principle points are there to a compass ? How many degrees in a circle? That's how many de­grees there are on a com pass. If North is 0, what is goo? 180°? 270°?

An exercise that is an inter­esting one for class is as follows : place a piece of paper on the ground. Set your compass for 50°. Walk 50 paces in that direction . Add 120 to your original setting (total 170°). Walk 50 paces in that direction. Add 120 to that figure (total 290°). Walk 50 paces in this new direction, stop and pick up your piece of paper. It should be at your feet.

Finding your way can mean more than just returning to camp. I t can also mean learning more about a subject or problem so that you can determine what direction or attitude you wish to take Learn more about conser­vation and help lead the way to a m ore informed and better fu-

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RECORD RACKS MEASURED IN 1972 Continued from Page 12

SHOTGUN TYPICAL (Minimum Qual1fying Score - 140 points)

Name Address George L. Ross Ottumwa Vernon Simon Parkersburg J 1m Lmes Marble Rock John Newby Ottumwa Pot Coughlin Lansing Kent Cherry Des Momes Ed Best North English Morlm W Vetter Hartley Harvey V Lorson Lone Rock J 1m Holverson Nevada R1cky Deon Peterson Richard Pelz Webster C1ty Lyle R Frye Elkader Robert Husted Alden Robert Martin Bnghton Charles Lake Ft. Mod1son Edwm Droisey Toledo Roger Peterson Northwood Hermon 0 Leichsenring South Amana Brenda Jackson Corolv1lle Ishmael Honsel.,. Strawberry Pomt Alvan J S~-~ -.· Dubuque Jock Fmk ~ ~ ~ :" Muscatine Glervf@~renke -'<~a • S1bley HQ..,.ord7'Foster ..,.il Woodbme

tlff Meek '1 \' ·._. ~ omo "" •• r.-g· Dawson '4, .. ~ • ' ~ • fW est Des Moines

•q[Y M1tche,Y ·~ • • 1 Monona ~ An~...., Mason C1ty

:. Lvon ~-=~~th Dubuque ~h t.:. Er:tl ~ .... • .., Dyersville ~ ~-~~ • Wyomtng G~rge ~f:l· • ' Ocheyedan Trovl5'~eTnh<Vc!.,~- Cresco Dole Domer ~, Davenport Romonos Mon1er Cloverdale Leonard Feuerhelm Waukon

Year 1969 1972 1968 1969 1972 1972 1972 196S 1972 1972 1972 1970 1971 1972 1970 1972 1972 1972 19SS 1972 196S 1972 1966 1972 1966 1967 1972 1972 1971 19S8 1972 1972 1967 19S9 1972 19S3 19S8

SHOTGUN NONTYPICAL

County Wapello Butler Floyd Hordtn Allomokee Taylor Iowa Lyon Kossuth Jefferson Cloy Woodbury Clayton Franklin Wosh1ngton Lee Guthne Worth Iowa Johnson Clayton Dubuque Allomokee D1ck1nson Harrison Monroe Mod1son Clayton Ringgold Dubuque Dubuque Jones Osceola Wtnneshiek Pottowottomie Osceola Allomokee

(Minimum Qualifying Score - 160 Points)

Name Joe W Brun~ • · J 1m Wat~mouse Bernard Corngon B~1e Poulson .. Ra;mond Wylie. • · T.erry Tobtn • Harvey V ~rson Joseph Bar'tosh

•' • . Cia

NaMe •

Terry Lynch Ron Ke1gon Earl J. Gustafson Ronald Gordon Butch Seeley Ted Sm1th Michael Wuebker Guy Defenbaugh Kim Earl Gustafson Dorrell Ross Jim C. Chnst1onson Bruce Lesl1e Bob Wood R1ck Wilktns David E Krueger Wayne C Muhs James A. Harris Denn1s H Berloge Robert Filbrondt Don Beck Paul Cosper Lloyd Wunder Tom Postal Lorry Stewart Dov1d Wolfe Lorry Ryan

Name Guy Williams Gerold Rafferty

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Address Ado1r Keota Cosey Sw1sher Glenwood Charles C1ty Lone Rock Emmetsburg

Year 1967 1972 1969 1972 1972 1966 1972 1972

County Mod1son Washington Guthrie Johnson Fremont Allomokee Kossuth Kossuth

' BOW AND ARROW TYPICAL (Minimum Qualifying Score - 11 S Points)

Address Manly Webster City Emmetsburg Buffalo Center Anamosa Oskaloosa Jefferson Ames Emmetsburg Charles City Sp~rit Lake Clinton Cedar Falls Wellman Saratoga Hartly Charles C1ty Dubuque Dows Waverly Newton Oysort Anamosa Martelle Knoxville Iowa C1ty

Year 1972 1970 1972 1972 1972 1972 1972 1970 1972 1972 1972 1972 1971 1971 1972 1972 1972 1972 1972 1972 1972 1972 1971 1972 1972 1972

County Worth Hamilton Polo Alto Winnebago Jones Mahaska Guthrie Ringgold Polo Alto Howard Monona Jackson Block Hawk Woshtngton Mitchell O'Bnen Floyd Dubuque Wright Bremer Jasper Tomo Jones Jones Monon Johnson

BOW AND ARROW NONTYPICAL (Minimum Qualifying Score - 120 Points)

Address Cedar Rop1ds Mason City

Yeor 1972 1972

County Ltnn Worth

Total Score 19S I 8 174 4/ 8 17 4 2!8 1 71 1/ 8 168 118 168 167 2, 8 164 4/ 8 162 1/ 8 162 IS8 6/ 8 157 7 8 157 4/ 8 ISS 7/ 8 1S4 4/ 8 1S4 1/ 8 153 7 8 1S3 4 8 1S2 4 8 1S1 1SO 3 8 150 1 8 149 s 8 147 2 8 147 3 8 146 6 8 14S 7 8 145 6. 8 145 4 8 14S 1 8 144 S/ 8 144 3/ 8 144 1. 8 143 6/ 8 14 2 1/ 8 141 3/ 8 140 3/ 8

Total Score 197 7/ 8 17S 1/ 8 170 1/8 168 7 8 16S 164 6/ 8 162 1 8 160 1/ 8

Total Score 160 158 S/ 8 1S6 2/ 8 1S3 2/ 8 152 2/ 8 151 4/ 8 151 4/8 147 1/8 146 3/ 8 146 2/ 8 I 4 1 138 2/8 137 136 4/ 8 13S 3/ 8 134 7/ 8 134 S/ 8 133 S/8 133 2,8 133 1/ 8 132 1/ 8 129 128 4/ 8 127 7/ 8 116 7/8 116 2. 8

Total Score 1 so 1 / 8 .,.A_

142 2/8 )...(