1 15 th May, 09 Urban Sustainability and Green Buildings for the 21 st century, IIC-New Delhi A critical evaluation of green roofs for rating systems Dr Mahua Mukherjee Department of Architecture, IIT Roorkee 15 th May, 09 Urban Sustainability and Green Buildings for the 21 st century, IIC-New Delhi Rating Systems BREEAM (Building Research Establishment’s Environmental Assessment Method) CASBEE (Comprehensive Assessment System for Building Environmental Efficiency) GBTool Green Globes GREEN STAR GRIHA (Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment) LEED-EB & NC (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design)
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15th May, 09Urban Sustainability and Green Buildings for the 21st century, IIC-New Delhi
A critical evaluation of green roofs forrating systems
Dr Mahua MukherjeeDepartment of Architecture, IIT Roorkee
15th May, 09Urban Sustainability and Green Buildings for the 21st century, IIC-New Delhi
Rating Systems
BREEAM (Building Research Establishment’s Environmental Assessment Method)
CASBEE (Comprehensive Assessment System for Building Environmental Efficiency)
GBToolGreen GlobesGREEN STARGRIHA (Green Rating for Integrated Habitat
Assessment)LEED-EB & NC (Leadership in Energy and
Environmental Design)
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Building Research Establishment’s Environmental Assessment Method
(BREEAM)• BREEAM developed by BRE in the UK• BREEAM is updated annually• The licensed assessor organization
determines the BREEAM rating based on quantifiable sustainable design achievements.
• Many rating systems have used BREEAM as their development basis
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15th May, 09Urban Sustainability and Green Buildings for the 21st century, IIC-New Delhi
15th May, 09Urban Sustainability and Green Buildings for the 21st century, IIC-New Delhi
Comprehensive Assessment System for Building Environmental
Efficiency (CASBEE)• CASBEE is a relatively new system developed
for the Japanese market that is available in English.
• CASBEE offers the unique “BEE approach” to representing the performance evaluation data.
• The system requires documentation of quantifiable sustainable design achievements which are assessed by trained, first-class architects, which have passed the CASBEE assessor examination.
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GBTool• GBTool is an international system that has
been used to evaluate U.S. buildings for the Green Building Challenge
• A third party team establishes the qualitative and quantitative measures that are used to evaluate sustainable design achievements and expected building performance.
• The system has undergone 4 updates since its inception in 1998, which occur based on the experiences gained through its use.
• Due to the flexibility inherent in the application of GBTool, it tends to require greater technical expertise to implement than other rating systems
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Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment : GRIHA
GRIHA – green building ‘design evaluation system’– A tool to design, operate, evaluate and maintain resource efficient ‘healthy’ and ‘intelligent’ building.
This has been introduced by Ministry of New & Renewable Energy of Government of India.
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Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design -LEED-EB & NC
• LEED is currently the dominant system in the US market and is being adapted to multiple markets worldwide.
• For the existing LEED rating systems, minor updates can occur no more than once a year, while major updates are expected to occur on a 3-5 year cycle
• Documentation of the quantifiable sustainable design measures are provided to the USGBC, the developer of the LEED rating system, for third-party verification. The assessors have been trained and must pass an assessor examination.
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15th May, 09Urban Sustainability and Green Buildings for the 21st century, IIC-New Delhi
Rating Systems
Representatives of Rating tools like BREEAM, LEED and Green Star signed a Memorandum of Understanding at Ecobuild conference in London on 3rd
March,2009 agreeing to work together.
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Green RoofsA green roof has
• part or complete cover of vegetation
• Soil or other growing medium• Waterproofing membrane• Root barrier and • drainage and irrigation systems.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_roof
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??
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Benefits of Green roof
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Green Roofs
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Green Roofs
15th May, 09Urban Sustainability and Green Buildings for the 21st century, IIC-New Delhi
Green Roofs
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Green Roofs
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Technology involved in Green Roof
Source: Study on green roof applications in Hong Kong, Urbis limited, accessed on16 February 2007
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15th May, 09Urban Sustainability and Green Buildings for the 21st century, IIC-New Delhi
Green Roof rating SystemsGreen Roof is a strong green building tool. Rating system establishes
• objectivity of the Green Roof certification process
• Energy & Resource Efficiency and improved performance
• Healthy environment• Right Image towards sustainability• Accrediting expensive application appropriately
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100+10100100097TOTAL
101240*108. Other sustainable systems & processes, Management
157200*151. Health & Well-being/ Indoor Air Quality & occupant comfort
LEED-NC & MRP
GRIHAGreenStar
GreenGlobes
GBTool
CASBEEBREEAMIssues vs. Rating Systems
Table 1.0: Credits against issues in different Rating Systems
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BREEAM
16.06TOTAL
1.67 or 3.33
M04. …where a firm commitment is made to achieve certification under that scheme to the following standards: Better than industry standard OR Best practice
8. Miscellaneous
0.76 to 11.35
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E01: Where the building demonstrates a percentage improvement above the requirement for CO2 emissions as set out in the Building Regulations.
P04: Where evidence provided demonstrates that the specification of insulating materials avoids the use of substances with a global warming potential (GWP) of 5 or more in either manufacture or composition
P07: …Where evidence provided demonstrates that Sustainable Urban Drainage techniques are specified to minimise the risk of localised flooding, resulting from a loss of flood storage on site through development.
7. Pollution (emissions, solid waste, effluents)
31.5-4.51.5-3
LE04: …Where either the development displaces none of the existing site's ecological habitat types and areas.
LE05: Where evidence is provided to demonstrate that the design team (or client) has worked on site with professionals
LE06: Where evidence is provided to demonstrate that the client has committed to achieving the mandatory requirements listed
6. Landuse and site-ecology
0.830.83
MW01:…where at least 80% of roof specifications achieve an ‘A’ overall rating.MW07: where significant use of crushed aggregate, crushed masonry or alternative aggregates
(manufactured from recycled materials) are specified for ‘high grade’ aggregate uses (such as the building structure, ground slabs, roads, etc.).
5. Material/ Product Inputs
1.1541.154
HW14: Where thermal comfort levels are assessed at design stage, this is used to evaluate appropriate servicing options, and appropriate thermal comfort levels are achieved
HW17: Where the building design can be shown to achieve ambient internal noise levels as specified
1. Health & Well-being/
ScoreCriterion ID No.
Existing/ Potential credits (maximum)BREEAM
Table 2.0: Green Roof related credits (both Existing & Potential) in BREEAM
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GRIHA
15Table 3.0: Green Roof related credits (both Existing & Potential) in GRIHA TOTAL
1 out of 4Criterion 34 Innovation points.8. Miscellaneous (sustainable systems & processes, Innovation, Management etc.)
0.75 out of 20.75 out of 2
Criterion 24 Storage and disposal of waste.Criterion 25 Resource recovery from waste
7. Pollution (emissions, solid waste, effluents)
2 out of 51.5 out of 41 out of 2
Criteria 2 Preserve and protect the landscape during construction/ compensatory depository forestation.Criteria 3 Soil conservation (till post-construction).Criteria 4 Design to include existing site features.
6. Landuse and site-ecology
1.5 out of 2Criteria 5 Reduce hard paving on-site and /or provide shaded hard- paved surfaces.5. Material/ Product Inputs
1.5 out of 5Criterion 21 Water recycle and reuse (including rainwater)4. Water Use
3. Transport
2 out of 63 out of 12
Criterion 13 Optimise building design to reduce the conventional energy demand.Criterion 14 Optimise the energy performance of the building within specified comfort limits
2. Energy Use
1 out of 2Criterion 29 Acceptable outdoor and indoor noise levels.1. Health & Well-being/ Indoor Air Quality & occupant comfort
ScoreCriterion ID No.
Existing/ Potential credits (maximum)GRIHA
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LEED- NC & MRP
18-45TOTAL
31-511-4
EA 5: Measurement and VerificationID 1: Innovation in DesignID 2: LEED Accredited ProfessionalRP1: Regional Priority
8. Miscellaneous (sustainable systems & processes, Innovation, Management etc.)
211
WE 2: Innovative Wastewater TechnologiesSS 6.1: Storm-water Design—Quantity ControlSS 6.2: Storm-water Design—Quality Control
7. Pollution (emissions, solid waste, effluents)
1SS 5.1: Site Development—Protect or Restore Habitat6. Landuse and site-ecology
1SS 7.2: Heat Island Effect—Roof5. Material/ Product Inputs
2-4WE 1: Water Efficient Landscaping4. Water Use
3. Transport
1-19EA 1: Optimize Energy Performance2. Energy Use
Table 4.0: Green Roof related credits (both Existing & Potential) in LEED 3
15th May, 09Urban Sustainability and Green Buildings for the 21st century, IIC-New Delhi
Table 5.0: Green Roof related credits in BREEAM, GRIHA & LEED-NC
1.5 out of 52-4
Criterion 21 Water recycle and reuse (including rainwater)
WE 1: Water Efficient Landscaping
4. Water Use
2 out of 6
3 out of 121-19
Criterion 13 Optimise building design to reduce the conventional energy demand.Criterion 14 Optimise the energy performance of the building within specified comfort limitsEA 1: Optimize Energy Performance
2. Energy Use
1.154
1.154
1 out of 2111
HW14: Where thermal comfort levels are assessed at design stage, this is used to evaluate appropriate servicing options, and appropriate thermal comfort levels are achievedHW17: Where the building design can be shown to achieve ambient internal noise levels as specifiedCriterion 29 Acceptable outdoor and indoor noise levels.IEQ 6.2: Controllability of Systems—Thermal ComfortIEQ 7.1: Thermal Comfort—DesignIEQ 7.2: Thermal Comfort—Verification
1. Health & Well-being/ Indoor Air Quality & occupant comfort
ScoreCriterion ID No. Existing/ Potential credits (maximum)GREEN ROOF
Cntd.
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1.5-4.51.5-3
2/ 5
1.5/ 41/ 21
LE04: …Where either the development displaces none of the existing site's ecological habitat types and areas.LE05: Where evidence is provided to demonstrate that the design team (or client) has worked on site with professionalsLE06: Where evidence is provided to demonstrate that the client has committed to achieving the mandatory requirements listedCriteria 2 Preserve and protect the landscape during construction/ compensatory depository forestation.Criteria 3 Soil conservation (till post-construction).Criteria 4 Design to include existing site features.SS 5.1: Site Development—Protect or Restore Habitat
6. Landuseand site-ecology
0.83
0.83
1.5/ 2
1
MW01:…where at least 80% of roof specifications achieve an ‘A’ rating.MW07: where significant use of crushed aggregate, crushed masonry oralternative aggregates (manufactured from recycled materials) are specified for ‘high grade’ aggregate uses (such as the building structure, ground slabs, roads, etc.).Criteria 5 Reduce hardpaving onsite and/or provide shaded hardpavedsurfaces.SS 7.2: Heat Island Effect—Roof
5. Material/ Product Inputs
ScoreCriterion ID No. Existing/ Potential credits (maximum)GREEN
ROOF
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1.67 / 3.331/ 431-511-4
M04. …where a firm commitment is made to achieve certification under that scheme to standards: Better than industry standard OR Best practiceCriterion 34 Innovation pointsEA 5: Measurement and VerificationID 1: Innovation in DesignID 2: LEED Accredited ProfessionalRP1: Regional Priority
8. Miscellaneous
0.76-11.351
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0.75/20.75/2 211
E01: Where the building demonstrates a percentage improvement above the requirement for CO2 emissions as set out in the Building Regulations.P04: Where evidence provided demonstrates that the specification of insulating materials avoids the use of substances with a global warming potential (GWP) of 5 or more in either manufacture or compositionP07: …Where evidence provided demonstrates that Sustainable Urban Drainage techniques are specified to minimise the risk of localised flooding, resulting from a loss of flood storage on site through development.Criterion 24 Storage and disposal of waste.Criterion 25 Resource recovery from wasteWE 2: Innovative Wastewater TechnologiesSS 6.1: Storm-water Design—Quantity ControlSS 6.2: Storm-water Design—Quality Control
7. Pollution (emissions, solid waste, effluents)
ScoreCriterion ID No.
Existing/ Potential credits (maximum)GREEN ROOF
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Table 6.0: Comparative study on Green Roof related credits in BREEAM, GRIHA & LEED-NC
1.67 or 3.331 out of 46-13
BREEAM- strategies to follow Better than industry standard or Best practiceGRIHA- Innovation pointsLEED—Measurement and Verification, Innovation in Design , LEED Accredited Professional & Regional Priority
8. Miscellaneous
2.76 to 13.35
1.5 out of 4
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BREEAM- Improvement in the requirement for curbing CO2 emissions; the specification of insulating materials (avoidance of substances with a global warming potential (GWP) of 5 or more in either manufacture or composition); Sustainable Urban Drainage techniques are specified to minimise the risk of localised floodingGRIHA- Storage and disposal of waste, & Resource recovery from wasteLEED—Innovative Wastewater Technologies, Storm-water Design- Quantity & Quality Control
7. Pollution (emissions, solid waste, effluents)
6-10.54.5 out of 113
BREEAM- Replenishing disturbed ecological habitat types and areas; professional advice GRIHA- Compensatory preservation and protection of soil, habitat and site featuresLEED—Protection or Restoration of Habitat
6. Landuse and site-ecology
1.661.5 out of 2
BREEAM- roof specifications and reuse of crushed aggregateGRIHA- Reduction of hard pavingLEED—Control of Heat Island Effect using Roof
5. Material/ Product Inputs
1.5 out of 54-6
BREEAM-GRIHA- Water recycle and reuse (including rainwater)LEED— Water Efficient Landscaping
4. Water Use
5 out of 181-19
BREEAM-GRIHA- Optimal conventional energy demand & energy performance within comfort limitsLEED - Optimize Energy Performance
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Green Roof Issues
Strategies to follow Better than industry standard or Best practice, Measurement and Verification, Innovation in Design , Accredited Professional & Regional Priority
8. Miscellaneous
Improvement in the requirement for curbing CO2 emissions; the specification of insulating materials (avoidance of substances with a global warming potential (GWP) of 5 or more in either manufacture or composition); Sustainable Urban Drainage Design techniques to Quantity & Quality Control to minimise the risk of localised flooding, Storage and disposal of waste, & Resource recovery from waste
7. Pollution (emissions, solid waste, effluents)
Compensatory preservation and protection of soil, habitat and site features6. Landuse and site-ecology
Roof specifications and reuse of crushed aggregate, Reduction of hard paving & Control of Heat Island Effect using Roof
5. Material/ Product Inputs
Water recycle and reuse (including rainwater), Water Efficient Landscaping4. Water Use
Optimal conventional energy demand & energy performance within comfort limits2. Energy Use
Thermal comfort control, design and verification & Noise level reduction1. Health & Wellbeing
Criterion ID No.
Existing/ Potential credits (maximum)GREEN ROOF
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References:1. LEED 2009 for New Construction & Major Renovations Rating System,
USGBC Member Approved Nov, 20082. The high performance portfolio: green building rating systems,
www.betterbricks.com/office/framework, 3. Big three agree to align green building ratings, www.ecobuild.co.uk/ 4
March 20094. BREEAM Offices 2006 Design & procurement: pre-assessment
estimator, BRE Ltd. 20065. BREEAM Ecohomes 2006 – The environmental rating for homes, BRE
Ltd. 20066. Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment (GRIHA), Ministry of
New & Renewable Energy Government of India7. A comparison of the LEED and Green Globes Rating Systems, T.M.
Smith et. al, University of Minnesota, 20068. Green Building Rating Systems: An Overview By Krishnan Gowri,
ASHRAE Journal, Nov, 20049. Extensive Vegetated Roofs in Sweden Establishment, Development
and Environmental Quality, Tobias Emilsson, ILU, Sweden, 200510. Sustainable Building Rating Systems Summary, K.M. Fowler and
E.M. Rauch, PNNL, 2006
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