The School of Salamanca

A Digital Collection of Sources and a Dictionary of its Juridical-

Political Language

Semi-annual Report of the Project’s Activities Jan.-June 2014

Semi-annual Report of the Project’s Activities. Jan.-June 2014

1 Digital Collection of Sources

1.1 Digitalization

1.1.1 Textgroup A

In the half of 2014, we digitized the following 10 works from textgroup A:

Diego de Avendaño: Thesaurus Indicus, seu generalis instructor pro regimini

conscientiae, in iis quae ad indias spectant. 6 vols. Antwerp 1668, 1675 (424 pp., 468

pp., 484 pp., 472 pp., 552 pp., 476 pp.)

Martin de Azpilcueta (Navarro): Manual de confessores y penitentes. Coimbra 1553

(814 pp.)

Domingo Báñez: De Iure et Iustitia Decissiones. Salamanca 1594 (686 pp.)

Diego de Castillo: Tratado de cuentas. Burgos 1522 (55 pp.)

Tomás de Mercado: Suma de tratos y contratos de mercaderes dividido en seis libros.

Salamanca 1569 (553 pp.)

Luis de Molina: De Iustitia et Iure. 6 vols. vols. 1-3: Cuenca 1593, 1597, 1600; vols. 4-

6: Antwerpen 1609 (918 pp., 1226 pp., 418 pp., 914 pp.)

Francisco de Vitoria: Theologicae Relectiones XII. Lyon 1557 (928 pp.)

Francisco de Vitoria: Summa sacramentorum Ecclesiae. Valladolid 1561 (532 pp.)

Francisco de Vitoria: Confesionario útil y provechoso. Santiago 1562 (46 pp.)

Adding the two titles digitized in 2013 (Castillo de Bobadilla, Política para Corregidores,

2 Bde.; Solórzano Pereira, Política indiana), 80 % of textgroup A has been digitized.

2

1.1.2 Textgroup B

According to our project’s work schedule, the digitization of textgroup B is planned for

the second work phase (beginning 2016). Nevertheless, it turned out to be a more

efficient use of our and our partner institution’s ressources to bring forward the digitiza-

tion of the following titles from textgroup B:

Juan de Lugo: Disputatio de Iustita et Iure. 2 vols. Lyon 1642 (689 S., 747 pp.)

Antonio de Nebrija: Lexicon juris civilis contra quosdam insignes Accursii errores

aeditum. Lyon 1537 (222 pp.)

Juan de Salas: Tractatus de legibus, in primam secundae S. Thomae. Lyon 1611 (741

pp.);

Antonio Vacca: Expositiones locorum obscuriorum et Paratitulorum in Pandectas.

Lyon 1554 (208 pp.);

Tommaso de Vio (Cayetan): Summula Caietani. Lyon 1567 (498 pp.)

12

3

Textgroup A (15 titles)

Digitized

Digitizationpending

5

96

Textgroup B (101 titles)

Digitized

Digitizationpending

3

Digitalization was carried out in collaboration with these libraries:

Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin – Preußischer Kulturbesitz,

Biblioteca General Histórica, Universidad de Salamanca,

Butler Library (Rare Books & Manuscripts), Columbia University Libraries.

1.2 From Digital Images to Full Texts

Up to the present, 7 titles have been given to the Trier Center for Digital Humanities,

our partner for producing the full texts of the digitized books. Each book has to be

accompanied by detailed, specific rules for the copists, enabling them to produce faithful

renditions of the text via double keying. Copists‘ rules and digitized images have been

handed over to the Trier Center for Digital Humanities in two instalments:

First Instalment

Titles: Castillo de Bobadilla, Política para Corregidores, 2 Bde.; Solórzano Pereira,

Política indiana

Delivered to Trier: October 2013

Present Status: Double keying completed; clearing of incongruities (ambiguities in

deciphering the texts) is under way, also the basic xml markup (Digital Academy

Mainz, project team)

Second Instalment

Titles: Diego de Castillo: Tratado de Cuentas; Tomás de Mercado: Suma de Tratos

y Contratos; Antonio de Nebrija: Iuris Civilis Lexicon; Juan de Salas: Tractatibus de

Legibus; Cayetan: Summula Caietani

Delivered to Trier: May 2014

Present Status: Double keying in progress (Trier Center for Digital Humanities/

Tao Company)

4

1.3 Full Texts‘ Markup and Web Application

All the project’s technological designs are based on XML related technologies (XML

Schema Definition, XSLT, XQuery, XPath). The XML database eXist-db used by the

project comes with a HTML templating module, which combines XML files and other

resources (JavaScript, Bootstrap CSS, images, et al.) and generates the web application’s

HTML pages from this material.

1.3.1 eXist Data Base and Web Application

We have developed XQuery functions for all pages. A short overview:

List Views for data categories: Titles (bibliographical data view, editing status of the

xml files), Lemmata, Authors, Working Papers and Project News;

Reading view of these data categories, focussing on the comfort functions of the

digital edition view (various types of notes, citation links, image viewer, layouts,

highlighting functions for authority data entries and search results);

Bibliographical data view: title proper in heading form, title, short title for citation,

year of the first print’s publication, year of publication of the used edition (if

applicable), printer, place of publication, list of volumes (if applicable);

Edition Guidelines: documentation of the rules for xml markup for works following

the project’s data format (see 1.3.2);

Search Functions: We built a corpus search which offers a panel of choices for

customizing the search area. The search can be focussed on the complete full text, the

headings and subheadings, notes or names. A search for lemmata linked in the full texts

and a search in the dictionary’s lemmata complete the search functionalities;

Search Results: Search results are highlighted in a kwic view (keyword in context). In

addition it is shown, in which text segment the result is found (note, heading, list).

Clicking on a individual hit leads to the highlighted passage in the work’s full text.

5

The project set up an internal test server to check efficiency, loading time, and

performance of the website. Based on the experiences gained here, the project team in

collaboration with the Digital Academy Mainz can target possibilities for performance

improvement.

1.3.2 Data Format

The data format used by the project is based on the TEI Guidelines. It has been assembled

according to strict editorial criteria, keeping the exigencies of the web display in view.

For the markup of special characters, for example, the element <g> is used which enables

us to keep the original special characters in the transcription and to differentiate between

a standardized notation and one as close as possible to the original.

The control mechanism for the validation of the xml files (i.e. the XML Schema

Definition) has been refined and integrated into a digital working environment (oXgen

author mode). Thus, the researchers will only be offered those elements, attributes, and

values that are in accordance with the project’s XML Schema Definition when they edit

the texts in oXygen. This guarantees the editing is done in compliance with the project’s

edition guidelines. As also the functions of the eXist database are matched to the data

format, the data can be edited via a WebDAV (Web-based Distributed Authoring and

Versioning) interface on the server. Therefore, any corrections and changes due to

editing appear immediately on the website.

The digital working environment (oXygen author mode) has been adapted in its look

and layout so that the editors work on a typical text editor surface, customized for the

project.

6

1 Added menus in “oXygen author mode”

Also routines were implemented to import standardized data like person or place

names from pre-established lists directly into the XML markup.

2 Activities and Publications

2.1 Colloquium

05.03.2014 Christiane Birr (SvSal, Frankfurt): Salamanca, Escuela de Juristas:

Juristenausbildung an der Universität Salamanca

14.05.2014 Osvaldo Moutin/Christoph Meyer (MPIeR, Frankfurt): Theological

foundations and relevance of the School of Salamanca

11.06.2014 Anselm Spindler (Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt): Die „Schule von

Salamanca“. Philosophische Perspektiven

2.2 External Events with the Participation of Members of the Project Team

17.01.2014 Thomas Duve: Die Schule von Salamanca – rechtswissenschaftliche Erkenntnis-

perspektiven. Lecture as part of the Lecture Series organized by the Rudolf

von Jherung Institute of Juridical Basic Research. University of Gießen.

20.-21.03.2014 Christiane Birr: Tagungsteilnahme. A quinientos años de la Políglota: el

proyecto humanístico de Cisneros. Universidad Pontificia de Salamanca.

7

25.-28.03.2014 Ingo Caesar/Andreas Wagner: Die Schule von Salamanca. Eine digitale

Quellensammlung und ein Wörterbuch ihrer juristisch-politischen Sprache.

Poster Presentation at the First Annual Meeting of the Association DHD –

Digital Humanities im deutschsprachigen Raum. University of Passau.

(Poster: cfr. p. 9)

12.-13.06.2014 Andreas Wagner: The formation of a new concept of a science of the political

in early modernity. Conference: Scientia de Anima. Nature and modes of

rationality in the 16th century Iberian universities. Universidade do Porto.

2.3 Working Paper Series

Thomas Duve/Matthias Lutz-Bachmann/Christiane Birr/Andreas Niederberger: The

School of Salamanca: A Digital Collection of Sources and a Dictionary of its Juridical-

Political Language. The Basic Objectives and Structure of a Research Project.

The Salamanca Working Paper Series (2014, 1). [published: 21.01.2014]

urn:nbn:de:hebis:30:3-324023

3 Miscellanea

3.1 Project Organisation, Media, and Outlook

As the Max Planck Institute for European Legal History has moved from Frankfurt’s

periphery (Hausen) into its new building in the academic centre, the Campus Westend,

all offices of our project team are now close neighbours. This facilitates not only our close

collaboration inside the team, but also the project’s integration into the academic

environment of the Goethe University.

We have introduced the web based project management software Wrike

(www.wrike.com/) into our work to coordinate our multi-layered workflow in the most

efficient way.

8

The project’s information site was integrated into the recently re-launched web site of

the Academy of Sciences and Literature Mainz. All content on our site is available in the

English (http://www.salamanca.adwmainz.de/en/information.html), German

(http://www.salamanca.adwmainz.de/informationen.html), and Spanish

(http://www.salamanca.adwmainz.de/es/informaciones.html).

Currently, we organize the international workshop Nuevos acercamientos a la historia de

la Escuela de Salamanca/New Approaches to the History of the School of Salamanca at the

University of Salamanca (29-31 Oct. 2014) and are looking forward to the presentations

of 25 participants from 9 countries.

3.2 Cooperation Agreements

The project concluded cooperation agreements with the following partners:

Universidad de Salamanca,

Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin – Preußischer Kulturbesitz,

Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, München,

Staatliche Bibliothek Regensburg.

Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur Mainz

MAX-PLANCK-INSTITUT

FÜR EUROPÄISCHE RECHTSGESCHICHTE

Die Schule von SalamancaEine digitale Quellensammlung und ein Wörterbuch ihrer juristisch-politischen Sprache

http://salamanca.adwmainz.de

Kontaktinfo.salamanca@adwmainz.de

Digitalisierung• Beschaffung von 120 Werken in Bibliotheken weltweit• Hohe Anforderungen an Qualität und Vollständigkeit

Double-Keying• Erstellung Erfassungsanweisungen (Sonderzeichen/Layout)• Lieferung hochwertiger kontrollierter Digitalisate

Korrekturkennzeichnung• Markierung von Zweifelsfällen• Markierung schwer lesbarer Stellen/Fehler• (Halb-)automatische Markierung der Trennungen und

Abkürzungen• Thesaurusabgleich (latein/spanisch)

Umwandlung in XML• gemäß SvSal-Schema (TEI P5 konform)

Intellektuelle KorrekturIm angepassten oXygen-Author-Mode:

• Auflösung der Korrekturkennzeichnungen • Normalisierung von Schreibungen• Expansion von Abkürzungen

• Anreicherung des Thesaurus

Erstellung der Wörterbuchartikel• verlinkt mit relevanten Stellen im Corpus

Einbindung, Verlinkung in eXist• Werke• Autoren-Datensätze• Wörterbuch-Datensätze• Working Papers• Indizierung/lemmatisierte Suche• REST/API Interface

WebApp-Features• Mehrsprachigkeit• persistente Adressierung• OpenSeaDragon-Viewer zur Anzeige der Digitalisate• (Facettierte) Suche in verschiedenen Struktur- und

Datensatztypen• …

Ingo Caesar (ingo.caesar@adwmainz.de)

Andreas Wagner (andreas.wagner@adwmainz.de)

Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main

Erschließung und Anreicherung• Personen • Orte

• Zitierte Literatur• Wörterbuchbegriffe

annotieren und ggf. verlinken

Acq

uis

eD

arst

ellu

ng

(Web

/Su

che)

Au

szei

chn

un

g

The School of Salamanca. A Digital Collection of Sources and a Dictionary of its Juridical-Political

Language is a long-term project of the Academy of Sciences and Literature Mainz in

cooperation with the Goethe University Frankfurt and the Max Planck Institute for European

Legal History, Frankfurt.

The School of Salamanca’s significance and influence on more than one continent as well as in

different academic fields have given rise to an impressive multitude of research efforts in

various disciplines: philosophers, historians, jurists, legal historians, and theologians pursue the

reconstruction of complex subareas of the Salamantine intellectual edifice. The sheer number

of these research projects worldwide has caused a notable fragmentation of the scientific

landscape. Not only the connections between persons, texts, and disciplines threaten to

become lost, but also the understanding of comprehensive questions and methods. The School

of Salamanca. A Digital Collection of Sources and a Dictionary of its Juridical-Political Language

addresses the needs of a growing international scientific community by facilitating the access

to primary sources, their concepts and contexts.

Further information on www.salamanca.adwmainz.de.

A project of

Contact The School of Salamanca Max-Planck-Institut für europäische Rechtsgeschichte

Hansaallee 41

60323 Frankfurt am Main

Tel.: + 49 69 789 78161

www.salamanca.adwmainz.de

e-mail: info@salamanca.adwmainz.de

Max-Planck-Institut für europäische

Rechtsgeschichte Frankfurt am Main