A Fresh Perspective on Energy: How Our Lifestyles Drive Demand..and What We Can Do About It

8/14/2019 A Fresh Perspective on Energy: How Our Lifestyles Drive Demand..and What We Can Do About It

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A Fresh Perspective on Energy

How Our Lifestyles Drive Demand And What We Can Do About It

October 14, 2008

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As the national conversation around energy intensifies, Americans must broaden their

understanding of the factors behind rising energy demand. Instead of viewing the

increasingly global race for energy as a crisis, we should recognize it as a measure of

progress.

We rely on plentiful supplies of energy to fuel our prosperity and our high standard of

living. More than just fueling our cars, we depend on energy daily to heat and cool our

bigger homes, power our hi-definition televisions and charge our laptops and cell

phones, just two of the many electronic gadgets we own.

These trends are even more dramatic in other parts of the world as China, India and

other developing nations strive to improve their standards of living.

These trends, in concert with global economic and population growth, demonstrate

that we will need an increasing amount of energy in the decades ahead. To meet this

demand, America needs a long-term, realistic energy policy now.


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October 14, 2008

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1,

We have made huge gains in energy efficiency. But we are living in bigger houses, drivingheavier cars and growing in population, all of which requires more energy.

The numbers abroad are even more staggering.

This is our 21st century reality: Everyone around the world wants to achieve our standard of

living, and why shouldnt they aspire to live as well as we do? Rising energy demand means

economic and social progress.


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October 14, 2008

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All signs show that we will need an increasing amount of energy in the decades ahead notless.

Demand is rising both here and abroad because of population and economic growth, and

cultural and social trends.

To meet demand, the world will need more energy resources of all kinds and from all

corners of the globe.

We will continue to rely on all sources of energy including alternatives like wind, solar and

hydro and traditional fuels like nuclear, coal and oil and natural gas. This diversity of

sources, along with a sustained commitment to efficiency and conservation, must all be a

part of our long-term energy solution.


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October 14, 2008

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We have taken steps to limit the impact of growing energy demand. Increased efficiencythrough updates and standards in appliances, cars and high-tech gadgets and conservation

have helped decrease U.S. energy intensity by a little more than half during the last 50

years.3

The good news is that America has made tremendous strides in energy efficiency and

conservation. Still, addressing only the demand side of the energy equation is not enough.


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October 14, 2008

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A provision in last years federal energy law will increase the efficiency of everyday items.4New fuel economy standards are expected to save more than 600,000 barrels per day by

increasing miles per gallon to 35 in all new vehicles by the year 2020.5

Those savings grow

as rapidly as the new vehicle fleet grows by 2022, the savings will be almost 800,000

barrels a day.6

Improvements have also been made in appliance efficiency with the help of Energy Star a

joint program of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the DOE. Energy Stars

goal is to help consumers save money and protect the environment through energy-efficient

products and practices.


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October 14, 2008

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Despite favorable efficiency trends, demand has increased.7

For example, refrigerators have

become more efficient, but there are more of them.8, 9

Despite fuel efficiency

improvements, road travel has increased.10

And so have the number of cars on the road.11

Its clear that energy efficiency has its limits and alone will not solve the energy challenges

we face.


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October 14, 2008

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By the year 2030, the DOE forecasts a 19 percent jump in energy demand here in the UnitedStates.

12By the year 2030, the EIA forecasts a 45 percent jump in energy demand across the

globe.13, 14, 15, 16, 17

And its not only China and India that will be leading the charge for more energy, but other

developing nations as well. Vietnam is just 15 years behind China in terms of wealth.18

Vietnams GDP grew nearly 7 percent over the last 10 years.19

By comparison, this is more

than double the U.S. rate.20


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October 14, 2008

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When a child born today reaches adulthood, he or she will live in an America that has grownby 20 percent.

21Thats an increase of 65 million people from coast to coast. 65 million more

Americans who will have jobs, drive cars and own homes. 65 million more Americans who

will rely on energy in every aspect of their daily lives.


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October 14, 2008

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Our economy will absorb growth in human talent and as a result, our labor force will climb,our output will rise and our productivity will grow. Strong economic growth within the

United States is expected to last through at least 2030. According to the EIA, our GDP is

projected to grow 2.4 percent per year, and disposable income will jump by 2.8 percent

each year.22

Overall quality of life is improving on many fronts and it is a direct benefit of energy.23

Households are generally more affluent with fewer in poverty. Demand continues to grow as

these households grow and individuals spend their money on electronics and other energy-

intensive products.24


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October 14, 2008

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As our economy and population grow, so will our housing needs. The average Americanhouse size has increased nearly 40 percent since 1985, larger than ever before.

25In 2005,

the average house was 2,500 square feet, compared to 1,500 square feet in 1974.26

That is

more space to light, heat and cool. For every 100 square feet of space added to the size of

their home, owners add $76 to their energy bill.27

The number of vacation homes on the beach, near a lake or a mountain is also on the rise;

6.4 million homeowners already own a second home and it is predicted that 10 million

people will own a second home by 2010.28

Central air conditioning, refrigerators and

multiple television sets will also occupy these second homes as energy demand grows

exponentially.


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October 14, 2008

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Americans are purchasing more big-screen, high-definition televisions and turning thetelevision on for more hours. In fact, the Natural Resources Defense Council has estimated

television energy use to increase by 50 percent between 2004 and 2009.29

A typical high-

definition cable box with a built-in digital recorder consumes about 350 kilowatt hours of

electricity per yearthats more than a conventional television set and clothes washer

combined.30

Television sets are projected to outnumber people by the year 2010.31


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October 14, 2008

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Energy use associated with all consumer electronics is soaring. The average consumer owns25 pieces of consumer electronics, including TVs, iPods, DVD players and stereo systems.

32

According to the EIA, in 2006 alone, consumer electronics in the United States used about

147 billion kilowatt-hours of electricity more electricity than was produced by all of the

windmills, solar panels and biomass-to-electricity plants in America that year.33

To put this

in perspective, powering these electronics required as much energy as the entire state of

Pennsylvaniathe countrys sixth largest state consumed that year.34


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October 14, 2008

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In 2001, Google relied on just 8,000 servers to keep the site up and running.35 Today,estimates suggest Google uses one million servers around the world.

36These servers require

tremendous amounts of energy, as do their support systems. Googles growth is just one

example of the enormous growth taking place in the information technology sector, where

energy use begets more energy use.37, 38

In fact, the company built a new data center in Oregon that is the size of two football fields

and is said to require enough power to run 11,000 homes.39

Companies are now building

data centers in Iceland and Siberia to offset energy costs while being environmentally

friendly.40

I.T. growth, in general, shows no signs of slowing.41


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October 14, 2008

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According to the U.S. Bureau of Transit Statistics, there were 247 million registeredpassenger vehicles in the United States in 2004.

42Thats more than double the amount of

vehicles on American roads in 1970.43

In 2004, Americans drove roughly 2.9 trillion miles.44

And that number represents passenger vehicles only not long haul 18-wheelers or the

drivers who make their living on the road. In 2006, more than 105 million people drove to

work alone, which is 20 million more people than in 1990.45

Over the next 25 years, 87 percent of the increase in U.S. oil demand is expected to be for

transportation.46


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October 14, 2008

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The vehicles we are driving are not getting any lighter. In 1987, the average American car, orlight truck, weighed just 3,220 pounds.

47By 2004, that number surged to 4,066 pounds.

48In

1975, the average American vehicle had 137 horsepower.49

By 2004, average horsepower

jumped to 208 per car.50

This increase was a market response to consumer preference for safer and more powerful

vehicles. As such, the weight and power of cars has grown greater than fuel efficiencies.

One recent study found that efficiency has only increased by 1 percent per year since 1987.51

The gain, however, was negated by increases in vehicle weight, size, power and

accessories.52


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October 14, 2008

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To counter the need for all of this power, some people are turning to hybrid vehicles. Therewere 251,000 hybrids sold in 2006, a 22 percent increase compared to the previous year.

53

As of July 2006, there were about 550,000 hybrid vehicles on the road in the United States.54

While that may seem like a large number, it is just a drop in the bucket especially

considering Americans are keeping their vehicles longer.

The average American holds on to their car for up to nine years as compared to just 6.5

years in 1979.55

And thats because the quality of vehicles has consistently improved. Given

Americas huge vehicle fleet, it will be years and years before we replace the older, less

efficient vehicles. Fuel efficient hybrids are a piece of puzzle, but not the entire solution. As

the worldwide population continues to grow, traditional automobiles will still dominate the

market.


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October 14, 2008

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Auto sales in China are booming, with analysts and automakers forecasting growth at 15 to20 percent this year.

56Demand for the biggest vehicles is even stronger, with sales of luxury

cars and SUVs expected to surge by 40-45 percent.57

The number of cars in China more than

quadrupled between 2000 and 2006.58

It ranks number two after the United States and

recently overtook Japan.59

In some cases, American companies are benefiting. For example, Buick sales in China were

more than 330,000 in 2007, up 9 percent from the year before.60

Buick's U.S. sales dropped

23 percent during the same period.61

In China, there are currently 28 cars for every 1,000 people.62

To put that in perspective, the

United States had roughly the same ratio of cars to people around 1915.63

Yet less than 25

years from now, China will not only have more cars than the United States, but more miles

of highway.64, 65, 66


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October 14, 2008

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Populations are exploding globally. By 2030, Chinas population is expected to increase to1.4 billion.

67India will be even larger with a population of more than 1.5 billion.

68We cannot

ignore population growth in other less developed nations, such as Indonesia, the Philippines

Nigeria and sub-Saharan African nations, where billions aspire to a higher standard of

living.69


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October 14, 2008

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China is now the worlds fourth largest economy, the worlds third largest trading nation anda major destination for foreign direct investment.

70The most significant energy demand in

China has come from the countrys robust economic growth.Since 1978, Chinas economy

has grown about 9 percent a year, fueled by free market forces, increased foreign

investment and exports.71

Because of this growth, China will become the worlds largest

energy consumer after 2010, overtaking the United States.72

Another fast growing nation, India, has a projected GDP growth over the next 20 years of 5.7

percent.73

Typically a one percent increase in global GDP results in a 0.5 percent increase in

primary energy consumption.74


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October 14, 2008

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China alone will consume nearly four times as much energy in 2030 as it did in 1990.75Population growth, economic growth and the natural desire to get ahead will fuel Chinas

demand.

These factors are driving demand for all developing countries. Total non-OECD energy

demand increases by 85 percent as compared with an increase of just 19 percent in OECD

nations energy use.76


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October 14, 2008

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Across the world we use energy from all sources including fossil fuels, nuclear, hydro andalternatives. In 2005, oil and natural gas met 55 percent of the worlds energy needs while

alternatives met 10 percent.77, 78


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October 14, 2008

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In the United States, alternatives are growing rapidly but not on a large enough scale toreplace fossil fuels. Ethanol, for example, is predicted to only satisfy 1.7 percent of our

energy needs in 2030.79

And thats a 327 percent increase from where it is today.80

These same predictions apply to other biomass and renewable forms of energy. They will

satisfy just 9 percent of our energy needs, even though thats a nearly 148 percent increase

from where alternatives are today.81

Developing alternative fuels are indeed part of the energy equation but cannot alone

satisfy demand in the United States. And we are ahead of the rest of the world.


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October 14, 2008

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Even with explosive growth, alternative fuels of the future will only comprise about 10percent of consumer demand 20 years from now.

82

Oil and natural gas will still satisfy more than 50 percent of our global energy needs.83

Its

clear that a diverse energy portfolio is critical.


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October 14, 2008

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Here is another way to look at the energy picture in the United States. Recall that the DOEprojects a 19 percent increase in energy use by 2030.

84The percentage of non-fossil fuels

does grow rapidly, but fossil fuels will still be dominant.85

In fact, fossil fuels such as oil,

natural gas and coal will be used to meet 80 percent of our energy needs.86

Therefore, even

with tripling supplies of renewables and even though fossil fuels are decreasing slightly, we

will still need to develop traditional sources of energy to keep America competitive, or on a

more personal level, to maintain our lifestyles.


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October 14, 2008

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There are plentiful supplies of energy, all around the United States and in every corner ofthe globe. The EIA world reserves estimates show that there are:

1.3 trillion barrels of oil available around the worldthats 30 years worth at 2030

consumption rates.90

6.2 quadrillion cubic feet of natural gas available around the world (6,227 trillion)

almost 40 years worth at 2030 consumption rates.91

These estimates do not even take into consideration the new discoveries that will take place

between now and then.92

Well continue to get our energy from numerous places. One way

to enhance our energy security is to continue to diversify our sources of supply especially

here at home. But in many cases access to sources is limited and barriers exist.93


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October 14, 2008

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Restrictions apply to other traditional sources of energy, including nuclear and coal. Nuclearpower in the United States feeds almost 20 percent of the electric grid and coal feeds almost

50 percent.94

Yet when it comes to nuclear power, the United States is way behind the world leader,

France, which uses nuclear to meet 75 percent of its total energy use, compared to just six

percent in the United States.95

In 2005, there were 104 commercial nuclear plants. But

there have been no new orders for a nuclear power plant since the 1970s.96

Limitations on coal have been placed at both the federal and state levels of government. In

California for example, strict greenhouse gas emissions standards limit the use of coal.97

The

state effectively outlaws the import of coal-generated electricity.98

These restrictions exist despite the fact that we are going to need more energy for our

homes, for traveling and to meet our lifestyle expectations.


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October 14, 2008

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There is plenty of energy in the United States, we just need access to it. The good news isthe moratorium banning drilling for oil and natural gas on the Outer Continental Shelf

expired on September 30, 2008. However several key steps remain before actual leasing,

and then production, can take place.

If the right actions are taken moving forward, this could mean ample and secure supplies for

the American people, more U.S. jobs and less reliance on imported oil. It could help reduce

the costs of energy for transportation, for electric power production and for home and office

heating and cooling.

The faster we move, the sooner our nation will benefit.


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October 14, 2008

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The American people made it clear they support more production of U.S. oil and natural gas.In the past few months, a series of respected national polls show that an overwhelming

majority of Americans more than 75 percent, in some surveys support increased offshore

drilling of U.S. oil and natural gas resources to help meet our energy challenges.99, 100, 101, 102

Congress listened to the American people and allowed the federal ban on offshore drilling to

expire on September 30, 2008. The ban had kept 85 percent of the federal waters off the

Lower 48 states off limits to development for nearly three decades.

It is good news for millions of American consumers, but it is only the first step.

Congress and the next administration should avoid re-imposing this ban on accessing U.S. oil

and natural gas resources.


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October 14, 2008

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Energy has made modern lifestyles possible. It is the key to eradicating poverty around theworld. The challenge we have today is to get more of it and develop a long-term solution.

We can moderate demand through efficiency and conservation. But, experts agree, that is

not enough. Maintaining our lifestyle for a growing population requires more energy.

Improving lifestyles in emerging nations requires more energy.

We need an energy policy based on reality, not romantic rhetoric. We need to support the

development of technology that improves efficiency and preserves the environment. We

need to support the development of alternative sources, while recognizing that we need

more oil and natural gasand more coaland more hydro and nuclear energy.


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October 14, 2008

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Page 21

International Energy Agency World Energy Outlook 2007: China and India Insights, (2007), 243.2No New Coal, Environmental Science & Technology Online, (December 2007).

Page 53

Energy Information Administration,Annual Energy Outlook, (2007), 8.

Page 64

Congressional Research Service Summary for Congress, Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007: A Summary of

Major Provisions, (2007).5

Congressional Research Service Summary for Congress, Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007: A Summary of

Major Provisions, (2007), CRS-4 .6

Energy Information Administration,Annual Energy Outlook, incorporating the Energy Independence and Security Act of

2007, (2008).

Page 77

Energy Information Administration, May 2008 Energy Review, (2008).8

Natural Resources Defense Council, Issues: Oil & Energy- Efficient Appliances Save Energy -- and Money, (2004).9

Department of Energy, Energy Star Market Impact Analysis of Potential Changes to the ENERGY STAR Criteria for

Refrigerators, April 27, 2007, 4.10 United States Bureau of Transportation Statistics, U.S. Vehicle Miles, (2004).11

United States Bureau of Transportation Statistics, Motor Vehicle Registrations, (2004).

Page 812

Energy Information Administration,Annual Energy Outlook: Overview, (2008), 6.13

International Energy Agency, World Energy Outlook 2007: China and India Insights, (2007), 414

International Energy Agency, World Energy Outlook 2007: China and India Insights, (2007), 80.15

Energy Information Administration, International Energy Outlook, (2007), Table A2, 84.16

Energy Information Administration, World Petroleum Consumption: Most Recent Annual Estimates, 1980-2006, February

11, 2008.17

Energy Information Administration, World Dry Natural Gas Consumption: Most Recent Annual Estimates, 1980-2006,

December 21, 2007.18 Estimated, using data from World Development Report, (1997), and Central Intelligence Agency, World Fact Book, (2008).19

Estimated, using data from World Development Report, (1997), and Central Intelligence Agency, World Fact Book, (2008).20

International Energy Agency, World Energy Outlook 2007: China and India Insights, (2007), 62.

Page 921

United States Census Bureau, U.S. Interim Projections by Age, Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin: 2000-2050 , (2004).

Page 1022

Energy Information Administration,Annual Energy Outlook, (2008), 54.23

United States Census Bureau, Historical Poverty Data, Number of Families Below the Poverty Level and Poverty Rate: 1959

to 2006,(2007).24

National Petroleum Council, Topic Paper #2, Cultural/Social/Economic Trends, (2007), 4.

Page 1125

United States Census Bureau, American Housing Survey National Tables, (2005).26

United States Census Bureau,Annual Characteristics of Houses, (2007).27

Energy Information Administration, Residential Energy Consumption Survey, (2001).28

United States Department of Housing and Urban Development,American Housing Survey National 2001 and Housing and

Vacancy Survey File, (2001).


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October 14, 2008

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Page 1229

Natural Resources Defense Council, Televisions: Active Mode Energy Use and Opportunities for Energy Savings, (March

2005), 2.30

Natural Resources Defense Council, Cable and Satellite Set-Top Boxes: Opportunities for Energy Savings, (March 2005), 2,

13.31

Natural Resources Defense Council, Televisions: Active Mode Energy Use and Opportunities for Energy Savings, (March

2005), 6.

Page 1332

Consumer Electronics Association, CEA Finds American Adults Spend $1,200 Annually on Consumer Electronics Products,

April 26, 2007.33

Calculated, using Energy Consumption by Consumer Electronics in U.S. Residences,

TIAX LLC, (January 2007), 16, and Energy Information Administration,Annual Energy Outlook, (2008), 131.34

Energy Information Administration, State Electricity Sales, (2006).

Page 1435

John Markoff and Saul Hansell, Hiding in Plain Sight, Google Seeks an Expansion ofPower,The New York Times, June

14, 2006.36

Down on the Server Farm, The Economist, May 24, 2008.37


National Petroleum Council, Topic Paper #2, Cultural/Social/Economic Trends, (2007), 63.39 Power Struggle, Interactive Week, December 19, 2000.40


National Petroleum Council, Topic Paper #2, Cultural/Social/Economic Trends, (2007), 62, 63, 72.

Page 1542

United States Bureau of Transportation Statistics, Motor-Vehicle Registrations, (2004).43

United States Bureau of Transportation Statistics, Motor-Vehicle Registrations, (2004).44

United States Bureau of Transportation Statistics, Index of U.S. Passenger Miles: 1994-2004, (2004).45

Calculated using Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed by UT-Battelle, LLC for the U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY

under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725, Transportation Energy Data Book, Edition 21, Table 11.14, (2006) 11-16, and

United States Census Bureau, (2006).46


Page 1647

Steven Plotkin, Is Bigger Better? Environment, November 2004, Vol. 46 No. 99, with information fromK. H. Hellman andR. M. Heavenrich, Light-Duty Automotive Technology and Fuel Economy Trends: 1975 Through 2004, EPA 420-S-04-002,

(April 2004).48


(April 2004).49


(April 2004).50

Steven Plotkin, Is Bigger Better? Environment, November 2004, Vol. 46 No. 99, with information fromK. H. Hellman and

R. M. Heavenrich, Light-Duty Automotive Technology and Fuel Economy Trends: 1975 Through 2004, EPA 420-S-04-002,(April 2004).

51National Petroleum Council, Topic Paper #2, Cultural/Social/Economic Trends, (2007), 30, referencing Lutsey and Sperling,

Energy Efficiency, Fuel Economy and Policy Implication, Institute for Transportation Studies, U.C. Davis, Transportation

Research Board, (2005).52

National Petroleum Council, Topic Paper #2, Cultural/Social/Economic Trends, p.(2007) 30, referencing Lutsey and

Sperling, Energy Efficiency, Fuel Economy and Policy Implication, Institute for Transportation Studies, U.C. Davis,

Transportation Research Board, (2005).


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October 14, 2008

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Page 1753

Hybrid Owners of America, Hybrid Owners Of America Launched To Organize Half A Million

U.S. Gas/Electric Vehicle Owners, Encourage Hybrid Friendly Federal And State Policies, August 17, 2006.54

Hybrid Owners of America, Hybrid Owners Of America Launched To Organize Half A Million

U.S. Gas/Electric Vehicle Owners, Encourage Hybrid Friendly Federal And State Policies, August 17, 2006.55

Calculated using K. H. Hellman and R. M. Heavenrich, Light-Duty Automotive Technology and Fuel Economy Trends: 1975

Through 2004, EPA 420-S-04-002, (April 2004), and Oak Ridge National Laboratory managed by UT-Battelle, LLC for the

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725, Transportation Energy Data Book, Edition 21,Table 6.8, (2006), 6-10.

Page 1856

He Luxury Carmakers Look East for Profits, BusinessWeek, March 17, 2008.57

Luxury Carmakers Look East for Profits, BusinessWeek, March 17, 2008.58






Yunshi Wang, As world appetite grows, will oil hit $200 a barrel? The Sacramento Bee, March 9, 2008.64

International Energy Agency, World Energy Outlook 2007: China and India Insights, (2007), 298.65 United States Federal Highway Administration, Status of the Nation's Highways, Bridges, and Transit:

2004 Conditions and Performance, (2004).66

Demographia, China 7918Motorway System (Freeway System): Summary, November, 28, 2006.

Page 1967


International Energy Agency, World Energy Outlook 2007: China and India Insights, (2007), 59, 464.69

United Nations World Population Database, 2006 Revision.

Page 2070

International Energy Agency, World Energy Outlook 2007: China and India Insights, (2007), 249, 243.71

International Energy Agency, World Energy Outlook 2007: China and India Insights, (2007), 245.72 International Energy Agency, World Energy Outlook 2007: China and India Insights, (2007), 283.73



Page 2175


Energy Information Administration, International Energy Outlook: Highlights, (2008), 1.

Page 2277



Page 23 79Energy Information Administration,Annual Energy Outlook, (2008), Table A17, 143.

80Energy Information Administration,Annual Energy Outlook: Overview, (2008), 7.

81Energy Information Administration,Annual Energy Outlook: Overview, (2008), 13.

Page 2482



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83International Energy Agency, World Energy Outlook 2007: China and India Insights, (2007), 74.

Page 2584



Energy Information Administration,Annual Energy Outlook: Overview, (2008), 13.

Page 26

87 International Energy Agency, World Energy Outlook 2007: China and India Insights, (2007), 74, 80.88



Page 2790

Calculated from Energy Information Administration, World Proved Crude Oil Reserves,January 1, 1980 - January 1, 2008

Estimates, (2008), and International Energy Outlook, (2007), 29.91

Calculated from Energy Information Administration, U.S. Natural Gas Reserves Summary as of Dec. 31 2007, (2008), and

International Energy Outlook, (2007), 39.92

Energy Information Administration, International Energy Outlook, (2007), 40.93

Energy Information Administration, U.S. Natural Gas Markets (Report # SR-OIAF/2001-06), (2006).

Page 29 94 Energy Information Administration, Challenges of Electric Power Industry Restructuring for Fuel Suppliers, (January 2008).95

Energy Information Administration, Country Analysis Brief, France, (April 2007).96

Energy Information Administration, U.S. Analytical Studies Nuclear Power.97

California Energy Commission, New Regulations Restrict Purchase of Electricity From Power Plants That Exceed

Greenhouse Gas Emission Limits, May 23, 2007.98

California Public Utilities Commission Release, PUC Sets GHG Emissions Performance Standard to Help Mitigate Climate

Change, January 25, 2007.

Page 30100

Pew Research Center for the People and the Press, As Gas Prices Pinch, Support for Energy Exploration Rises, July 1,

2008.100

Gallop, Majority of Americans Support Drilling in Off-Limits Area, June 19, 2008.101Reuters, Most Americans support more U.S. oil drilling: poll, June 18, 2008.102

Rasmussen Reports, 67% Support Offshore Drilling, 64% Expect it Will Lower Prices, June 17, 2008.

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A Fresh Perspective on Energy: How Our Lifestyles Drive Demand..and What We Can Do About It

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