A gentle introduction to BIM

R. Filomeno Coelho – A gentle introduction to BIM (Kabandy©2016) – Slide 1

A gentle introduction to BIM

Rajan FILOMENO COELHO Civil Engineer, PhD

Benoît DESCAMPS

Architectural Engineer, PhD

This presentation is designed to provide you a quick but

comprehensive overview of Building Information Modeling (BIM),

covering software, file format, and implementation aspects,

but also emphasizing the benefits of using BIM for all parties of a

construction project.


First of all, what does « BIM » stand for?

BIM = Building Information Modeling

development and use of a digital model of the building project

BIM = Building Information Management

methodology and processes used to manage the construction project during its whole life cycle

BIM model viewed in Solibri

commons.wikimedia.org


Between two extreme views

The reality is somewhere in between… In this presentation, we will see

what practical benefits you can expect from BIM

« BIM is using BIM software like Autodesk Revit for all my projects »

Restricted view

« BIM is a totally new paradigm that will

revolutionize the construction sector »

Ambitious view


Table of contents

• Introduction: why BIM?

• Building Information Modeling

• Building Information Management

• Implementing BIM – Case study

• Conclusions & future trends

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Introduction:

why BIM?

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Main challenge in construction: collaboration

A construction project is essentially a collaborative work Exchange of information between all parties (owner, architect, general contractor, engineering offices, subcontractors, suppliers, etc.) is a crucial topic

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commons.wikimedia.org


Unefficient collaboration financial consequences

Additional costs of inadequate interoperability in the construction industry in the USA, 2002 (NIST study, figures in millions of $)

[Gallaher et al., 2004, cited in Eastman et al., 2008]

* O&M: Operations & Maintenance

*

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Cost of changes

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http://aecmag.com

Adopting BIM practices requires more effort in the modeling process, but is aimed to harvest benefits during the whole life cycle


• In 2014, the European Parliament voted the European Union Public Procurement Directive (EUPPD), recommending the use of BIM in public contracts

EU members must modify their legislation accordingly (no later than in 2016)

External constraint: European legislation on BIM

http://www.wspgroup.com/en/wsp-group-bim/BIM-around-the-world/

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Motivation for adopting BIM

Beyond the legal aspect, the adoption of BIM should help you:

• getting a solution to technical and organizational issues • increasing significantly the quality assurance • reducing the costs and delays • improving the project management during the whole life cycle of a building

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http://www.tekla.com http://www.buildingshows.com


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Building Information Modeling


What is really Building Information Modeling?

Level 0

Historical approach (no explicit model, only views)

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0

Level 1

Computer drawings (mostly 2D views); e.g. AutoCAD. The model remains purely geometrical.

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0

3D BIM model made in an authoring software, e.g. Autodesk Revit, ArchiCAD, or Tekla. Information on materials, costs, etc., is available.

1

Level 2

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0

Collaborative BIM model, fully synchronized between all partners. Standard files (e.g. IFC, COBie).

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Level 3

2

Tekla BIMSight

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From Computer Aided Design (CAD) to BIM

[Richards & Bew, UK Government Construction Client Group, 2011]

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Level 1: pure geometrical

representation, no property (cost, etc.) associated.

Level 2: 3D BIM object. Extraction of 2D views is

permitted. Usually boundary representation

(facets) of the volume. Some physical

properties available.

• E [GPa] • Cost [€/m] • …

ID = 14324

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Basic component: the BIM object

Example of BIM object for a column:

Level 3: 3D BIM object taken from a library of

BIM objects. Global Cartesian reference system. Synchronization on

the cloud (web).


Libraries of BIM objects provided by suppliers

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Example of objects available in UK [http://www.nationalbimlibrary.com]


BIM model A BIM model can be seen as a collection of BIM objects connected and synchronized

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C. Macieira


On a longer term, the final goal of BIM is to get a unique, centralized BIM database, available in the cloud, during the whole life cycle of the building

BIM model for a construction project

Architect Contractor

Engineer Manufacturer

BIM model

Owner

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Benefits expected:

• Capture information once

• Lead parallel activities and synchronize information

• Use BIM object libraries developed by suppliers and subcontractors

• Control during the BIM process to highlight interferences/issues before components are fabricated


Study of a clinic designed by Tony Rinella, Anshen+Allen, Architects [Fallon & Palmer, 2007]

Cost estimation

Traditional approach (21 days) vs. BIM strategy ( 3 days)

Significant time reduction

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Benefits expected from BIM: illustration


What about BIM for infrastructure? • BIM for infrastructure is also called « Horizontal BIM », « Heavy BIM », « Civil

Information Modeling »

• Applications: roads, tunnels, dams, canals, power plants, etc.

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http://www.teklabimsight.com


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Return on experience: extension in JFK airport, New York • Terminal extension (1.2 billion $) • Several stakeholders for civil engineering, buildings, etc. + public authorities

• Observations: • Use of BIM models enhanced the integration of work by subcontractors • On site virtual studio on schedule planning, site logistics, etc. • Faster recovery in case of schedule issues

• Conclusion: Building Information Modeling can also be seen as a tool to improve the management of a construction project

http://satpon.com


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Building Information Management


Benefits of BIM for all parties in a construction project

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Owners

• Improved quality of the building • Reduced delays • BIM model used during the whole life cycle of

the building (maintenance, renovation)



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Architects & Engineers

• Easier collaboration with all parties

• Avoid errors easily met with 2D drawings

• Increase visualization possibilities for customers

Owners



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Owners

Contractors and subcontractors

• Increase of accuracy and consistency of data

• Easier generation of documents for daily use on site

• Prevent conflicts before construction

• Use of Geographic Information System (GIS)



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Owners


Fabricators

• Prefabrication and offsite manufacturing more effective

• More room for developing innovative products

• Promote their products



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Owners


Fabricators

Global benefit: improves collaboration between all parties


Guidelines for adopting BIM in your company

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[buildingSMART alliance, 2010]


Guidelines for adopting BIM in your company

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Template for information exchange document

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New roles: BIM manager & BIM coordinator

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The BIM Manager

• BIM leader within a company or on a specific project

• Set-up BIM workflow inside the office • Co-ordinates the use of BIM on a

whole project • Responsible for user access to the BIM

model • Guarantees data security and archive

The BIM Coordinator

• He/she has to daily coordinate the BIM models within his department

• Usually in addition to his/her modeling tasks

Next question: how to implement BIM in your company?


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Implementing BIM – Case study


Remarks:

• Transition between tasks: not always straightforward • Integrated workflow using a proprietary solution collaboration? durability? • How to exchange with other software products?

The simplest implementation: using a software suite I

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http://www.autodesk.com


Geometric design

Authoring software

Performance analysis (e.g. structure, energy

performance)

Calculation Software

Interoperability: illustration on design & analysis tasks

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Major bottleneck for productivity and competitiveness


Geometric design

Performance analysis (e.g. structure, energy

performance)

Authoring software

Calculation Software

Audit & analysis software

Model viewer and checker

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Interoperability: illustration on design & analysis tasks

A new family of programs has emerged to facilitate the BIM processes for all users


• IFC (Industry Foundation Classes): developed by the buildingSMART alliance®,

the IFC was created to promote the collaboration between all AEC (Architecture, Engineering and Construction) actors. IFC complies with ISO 10303-21.

• Others: gbXML, aecXML, AGCxml, BCF, COBie, etc.

Exchange of information easier with open file formats I

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• Due to their open, free, neutral, durable character, open formats are likely to play a more and more important role in the future


Open file formats

“For the most part, the designers with whom we have worked and collaborated realized long ago that committing to and investing in the emerging BIM standards and protocols, such as IFC and COBie, would lead to great benefits in design productivity and efficiency.” [David Shepherd, BIM Manager, HOK]

HOK, Auburn University Recreation and Wellness Center

HOK, Arizona State University West Campus Sun Devil Fitness Complex

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The cloud

• Although there is still some issues to be solve (e.g. security, legal, efficiency) to share

BIM models accross the web, the future trend will consist in providing access to BIM models directly in the cloud

• Current platforms include:

• BIM Cloud (Graphisoft) • BIM360 (Autodesk) • Tekla Field 3D (Tekla) • Aconex

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Tekla Field 3D


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Conclusions & future trends


To summarize: BIM in a nutshell

• The final aim of BIM is to develop and use a digital model of the building, available

and synchronized for all parties, for the whole life cycle of the construction project

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• Our guess: the use of BIM is likely to be encouraged by owners and public authorities to better manage their building projects (operations & maintenance, renovation)

• In most medium- and large-sized companies, new roles will appear: BIM managers and BIM coordinators

• Several software products are labeled as « BIM-compatible », but the key point is the interoperability between programs to allow all parties to collaborate


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Towards 6D BIM for construction

• 4D BIM: 3D BIM + time clash detection, etc.

• 5D BIM: 3D BIM + time + cost take off quantities, etc.

• Future trend: 6D BIM (= 5D BIM including all aspects of life-cycle facility management) in a cloud-based environment

Already available with Autodesk Navisworks, BiMUp 5D, etc.

Autodesk Navisworks


What can Kabandy offer you regarding BIM?

• Kabandy is a start-up established in Brussels, Belgium • We deliver BIM applications as a service for AEC companies • Expertise: interoperability through IFC files (e.g. integrity check, filtering of data,

parametric design, export to Excel or XML, etc.)

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Feel free to ask questions at: [email protected]

New website available in March 2016: http://www.kabandy.com

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.kabandy.com/




Adriaenssens, S., Ney, L., Bodarwé, E., Williams, C., Dutch Maritime Museum: Form-finding of an irregular faceted skeletal shell, Proceedings of the IASS Symposium, 2009 Reference on the design of the dome of the Dutch Maritime Museum by Ney+Partners.

AEC (UK) Initiative, AEC (UK) BIM Technology Protocol (version 2.1.1), 2015 Guide containing best practice guidelines for deploying BIM in AEC (Architecture, Engineering & Construction) offices. Becerik-Gerber, B., Rice, S., The Perceived Value of Building Information Modeling in

the U.S. Building Industry, ITcon Vol. 15, pp. 185-201, 2010 This paper presents findings from an industry-wide online survey aiming to

understand the perceived value of BIM in the U.S. building industry.

BIMForum, Level of Development Specification for Building Information Models, bimforum.org, 2013 Detailed specifications of the LOD (Levels of development) for BIM models.

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buildingSMART alliance, BIM Project, Execution Planning Guide v.2, 2010 This Guide provides a structured procedure for creating and implementing a BIM

Project Execution Plan. Delcambre, B., Mission Numérique Bâtiment, Ministère du Logement, de l’Égalité des

territoires et de la Ruralité, France, 2014 [in French] French report analyzing the current situation of BIM techniques in France, as practically used in the AEC sector.

Eastman, C., Teicholz, P., Sacks, R., Liston, K., BIM Handbook, John Wiley & Sons, 2008 First reference book on BIM.

Ernstrom, B. et al., AGC Contractor’s Guide to BIM, The Associated General

Contractors of America, 2013 Guidelines of BIM for contractors in the USA.

References I

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Fallon, K.K., Palmer, M.E. (eds), General Buildings Information Handover Guide: Principles, Methodology and Case Studies (NISTIR 7417), 2007 An American industry sector guide about BIM interoperability issues, with an insight on file formats. Interesting case studies are detailed.

Glover, J., UK: Legal Issues Surrounding Building Information Modelling (BIM), Fenwick Elliott LLP, 2012 Article describing legal aspects related to BIM. Although written for the UK legislation, most notions are applicable to all countries.

Jones, S.A. ,Bernstein, H.M., The Business Value of BIM for Infrastructure, McGraw-Hill Construction, 2012 Report about the benefits of BIM for infrastructure. Made in collaboration with the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) and Autodesk.

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References

Richardson, J.N., Nordenson, G., Laberenne, R., Filomeno Coelho, R., Adriaenssens, S., Flexible optimum design of a bracing system for façade design using multiobjective Genetic Algorithms, Automation in Construction 32, pp. 80-87, 2013 Study of the façade design of the MHAAC Museum in Washington.

Succar, B., Building information modelling framework: A research and delivery foundation for industry stakeholders, Automation in Construction 18, pp. 357-375, 2009

This paper explores some of the main BIM concepts and guidelines and proposes a general framework to analyze BIM.

Waterhouse, R., NBS National BIM Report 2014, RIBA Enterprises Ltd, 2014 This document contains several interesting contributions on BIM aspects (standardisation, data validation and extraction, manufacturers and suppliers, etc.). A list of reference books on BIM is also available (pp. 22-23).

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Date post:	21-Apr-2017
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