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A great university: a great library
New Information Space and Place: New Information Space and Place: The Research Library in the Digital The Research Library in the Digital
AgeAge
Joseph J. BraninDirector of Libraries, the Ohio State University
III International Conference on University Libraries
Mexico CityOctober 28-29, 2004
Changes in Space and Place for Research Libraries in the Digital Age
1. Information Space: The evolution of collections work in research libraries: from collection development to collection management to knowledge management
Why and how we have evolved towards knowledge management
The Knowledge Bank project at the Ohio State University: building a knowledge management system
2. Learning Place: The integration of active teaching and learning into the physical and virtual research library
Designing learning places: physical and virtual The renovation of the William Oxley Thompson
(Main) Library at the Ohio State University
From Collection Development to Knowledge Management
1950-1975: Collection Development
1975-2000: Collection Management
2000- :Knowledge Management
1950-1975: Collection Development
Major environmental factors
• Rapid growth in scholarship and libraries
• Rise of government sponsored research
• Professionalization of collection management
Collection development
•Acquisitions and selection
•Collection building
Increase in Mathematical Literature
Andrew M. Odlyzko, Tragic loss or good riddance? The Impending demise of traditional scholarly journals. Notices Amer. Math Soc. 42 (January 1995), 49
840
50,000
0
20000
40000
60000
1870 1995
Math Papers
715,500842,000
600,000
700,000
800,000
900,000
1980 1989
Book Production
354,875
832,833
0
500,000
1,000,000
1975 1995
Articles
UNESCO WorldwideAnnual Book Titles
“Trends in ScientificScholarly Journal Publishing in the US,” Tenopir and King
Annual publications in Mathematics, Andrew Odlyzko, AT&T Bell Laboratories
Growth of Publication
Continuing Growth of Publication
OCLC: 2004 Information Format Trends
Professionalization of Collection Management
Charles Osburn, Academic research and library resources: changing patterns in America, 1979
Allen Kent, Use of library material: The University of Pittsburgh study, 1979
American Library Association, Collection Management Institutes and Guidelines, 1980’s
1975-2000: Collection Management
Major environmental factors
•budget constraints
•commercialization of scholarship
in the sciences
•new digital technology
Collection management agenda
•collection policy development
•materials budget allocation
•collection analysis
• use and user studies
•training and organization of
collection managers
• preservation
•cooperative collection
development
Cooperative Collection Development
Farmington Plan of the 1950s and 1960sNational Periodicals Center of the 1970sRLG Conspectus of the 1980sOhioLink created in 1993 Lessons Learned: power of local
autonomy, highly decentralized system, difficulty of moving print around, new opportunities in digital environment
Advances in the Digital InformationTechnology: Growth of the
Internet
In 1996 there were 90,000 Web sites, and it is estimated that the Web doubles in size every 50 days with a new homepage added every 4 seconds (Nicholas Negroponte, Wired Magazine, 2-1-96)
Growth of the WebWeb Characterization Project <http://wcp.oclc.org/>Web Characterization Project <http://wcp.oclc.org/>
800,000
1,457,000
2,229,000
2,942,0003,119,000 3,080,000
1,570,000
2,851,000
4,882,000
7,399,000
8,745,0009,040,000
0
1,000,000
2,000,000
3,000,000
4,000,000
5,000,000
6,000,000
7,000,000
8,000,000
9,000,000
10,000,000
1996/ 1997 1997/ 1998 1998/ 1999 1999/ 2000 2000/ 2001 2001/ 2002
Public Total
Type of Library Use by Group and Academic Area
Faculty
Health Sciences
Humanities/Soc Science
Science/Engineering
All Faculty
Graduate Students
Health Sciences
Humanities/Soc Science
Science/Engineering
All Graduate Students
Visit in person
19982001
37.928.1
60.756.4
49.341.8
47.340.6
79.759.6
82.572.1
68.245.1
77.759.6
Use office computer
1998 2001
76.2 75.7
70.2 76.7
64.7 75.4
71.0 76.1
39.8 50.6
47.5 56.1
57.4 69.4
48.1 58.5
Use home computer
1998 2001
40.5 43.4
47.1 51.5
23.6 33.9
37.4 43
49.2 59.6
52.0 62.6
32.6 42.5
45.7 55.2
University of Washington Library Newsletter Winter 2002
User Priorities
Delivering full-text to the desktopProviding electronic full-text access to
older journalsMaintaining the quality of the Libraries'
print collection
University of Washington Library Newsletter Winter 2002
2000 - :Knowledge Management
Major environmental factors• New digital opportunities and threat• Ownership and control issues with the scholarly
record
Knowledge management• Managing print and digital information systems• Consortia collections• Enterprise-wide content management • Web Publishing • Information policy• Reforming Scholarly Publishing
Managing Print Collections in the Digital Age
Using digital technology to better manage print collections• Bibliographic control, document delivery,
reformatting through digitization The future of print in a digital information
system• The “physicality” of print
The “storage center” option for infrequently-used material
• Preservation, cooperation, last copy retention
Touch of Print: Making Sense of Information
Library Storage Needs
Low Memorial Library1894
Butler Library1934
Overcrowded Shelving Conditions
Less-than-ideal Storage Conditions
Ohio LINK Database Searches: Cumulated Monthly
Article Downloads from the OhioLINK Electronic Journal Center
156,134
224,572
380,028
663,540 680,006
1,295,113
1,449,086
0
200,000
400,000
600,000
800,000
1,000,000
1,200,000
1,400,000
1,600,000
July-Dec 1998 Jan-June 1999 July-Dec 1999 Jan-June 2000 July-Dec 2000 Jan-June 2001 July-Dec 2001
Cost Effective Purchasing Power
Average Annual Journal Cost Increase for Typical Academic Research College Library
Average Annual Cost Increase for Journals Licensed Through OhioLINK
2001 vs 2000 2002 vs 2001
7.7%
6.1%
8.0%
4.5%
Knowledge Management Basics
1. Data, information, and knowledge2. Tacit and explicit knowledge3. The dynamic and social nature of knowledge
management
Peter Drucker, The Coming of the new organization, Harvard Business Review, 1988
Special issue on Knowledge Management in Journal
of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 2002
Knowledge Management Definitions Data = simple, discrete facts and figuresInformation = data organized for a meaningful
purpose
Knowledge = Knowledge is a fluid mix of framed experience, values, contextual information, and expert insight that provides a framework for evaluating and incorporating new experience and information. It originates and is applied in the minds of knowers. In organizations, it often becomes embedded not only in documents and repositories but also in organizational routines, processes, practices, and norms. (Davenport and
Prusak, Working Knowledge, 1998)
Explicit and Tacit Knowledge
Formally articulated Documented Stored in repositories Reports, lessons
learned Fixed, codified
Transferred through conversations
Difficult to articulate or unspoken
Held within self, personal
Insight and understanding
Judgments, assumptions
From Claire McInernye, JASIST, 2002
The Nature of Knowledge Management
Knowledge happens in and among people; it is the social life of information
Inclusive or enterprise-wide view of data, information, and knowledge
• Managing expertise• Creating a culture of learning and of
sharing knowledge Dynamic process of creation, elicitation, and
sharing
Data Maps-MetadataData Maps-Metadata
high low
low
hig
h
Relative emphasis of content in WorldCat
Stewardship/publishing
un
iqu
ene
ssBooksJournalsNewspapersGovernment docsAudiovisualMapsScores
Special collectionsRare booksLocal/Historical newspapersLocal history materialsArchives & manuscriptsTheses & dissertations
Freely-accessible web resourcesOpen source softwareNewsgroup archives
Institutional repositories •ePrints•Learning objects/materials•Research data
Lorcan Dempsey, OCLC
Huntington Archive: Asian Art
The OSU Knowledge Bank
Diverse SourcesUnified AccessIntegrated InformationTrusted Archive
A Proposal for Development of anOSU Knowledge Bank
Submitted to theOSU Distance Learning/Continuing Education Committee
June 21, 2002http://www.lib.ohio-state.edu/Lib_Info/scholarcom/KBproposal.html
ByThe OSU Knowledge Bank Planning CommitteeChair: Joseph J. Branin, Director of Libraries
The Knowledge Bank Broadly Defined
The OSU Knowledge Bank project proposes to create a knowledge management system for the University that will support the creation, organization, storage, and dissemination of the institution’s digital information assets.
The Knowledge Bank will be both a “referatory” providing links to digital objects and a “repository” capable of archiving the increasing volume of digital content created at OSU for long-term use and preservation
Digital Knowledge Bank at OSU
Online Published Material• E-books, e-journals, government
documents, handbooks Online Reference Tools
• Catalogs, indexes, dictionaries, encyclopedias, directories
Online Information Services• Scholar’s portal, alumni portal,
chat reference, online tutorials,, e-reserves, e-course packs, technology help center
Electronic Records Management
Administrative Data Warehouse Digital Publishing Assistance
• Pre-print services• E-books, e-journal support• Web site development and
maintenance
Faculty Research Directory Digital Institutional Repository
• Digital special collections• Rich media (multimedia)• Data sets and files• Theses/dissertations• Faculty publications, pre-
publications, working papers• Educational materials
• Learning objects• Course reserves/E-course pack
materials• Course Web sites
Information Policy Research/Development in
Digital Information Services• User needs studies• Applying best practice• Assistance with Technology
Transfer
The Ohio State University• Libraries, Chief Information Officer, Office of
Research, University Press, Academic faculty and technologists
OhioLINK• Digital Media Center, Electronic Journals
Center, Chat Reference (Ohio Super Computer Center, Ohio Learning Network)
OCLC, Chemical Abstracts MIT: DSpace Federation
Cooperative and Enterprise Approach to Building the Knowledge Bank
Examples of New Approaches at the Ohio State University
Open access dissertations• Open Access: the free availability of scholarly literature on the public
Internet (Open Access News at http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/fosblog.html)• ArXiv• Directory of Open Access Journals• Public Library of Science• NIH Proposal
Sharing and management of images and sounds• Squeeze collection• Bird sounds
Wetlands Research Center papers and reports Open access e-books and journals
• Out-of-print University Press titles (with Press)• Journals in Slavic Studies and in Music (with Departments• E-book on e-government (with Glenn Center)
Examples of New Approaches at the Ohio State University
Open access dissertations Sharing and management of images and sounds
• Squeeze collection• Bird sounds
Wetlands Research Center papers and reports Open access e-books and journals
• Out-of-print University Press titles (with Press)• Journals in Slavic Studies and in Music (with
Departments• E-book on e-government (with Glenn Center)
Examples of New Approaches at the Ohio State University
Open access dissertations Sharing and management of images and sounds
• Squeeze collection• Bird sounds
Wetlands Research Center papers and reports Open access e-books and journals
• Out-of-print University Press titles (with Press)• Journals in Slavic Studies and in Music (with
Departments• E-book on e-government (with Glenn Center)
Examples of New Approaches at the Ohio State University
Open access dissertations Sharing and management of images and sounds
• Squeeze collection• Bird sounds
Wetlands Research Center papers and reports Open access e-books and journals
• Out-of-print University Press titles (with Press)• Journals in Slavic Studies and in Music (with
Departments• E-book on e-government (with Glenn Center)
Worldwide Resources
Columbus & Ohio Resources
OSU Central Databases
OSU Academic Unit Databases
OSU Faculty Data
Knowledge Bank
Engine
Internet
OARNet
OSU SONNET Network
The OSU Knowledge Bank
Unified Access
Knowledge Bank TeamDiverse
Sources
Integrated
InformationLeadership Training Coordination Standards
Technical Support
Business Partnerships
Collaborative Research
Enriched Instruction
+New Technology
Trusted Archive
New Roles for the Knowledge Manager
Librarians “can no longer meet the information needs of faculty and students through the traditional avenue of simply adding to their collections.” (Battin and Hawkins, Mirage of Continuity, 1998)
New Roles• Managing knowledge content (working more closely with
faculty and students to design, organize, and maintain a broader range of digital assets.)
• Using information technology to create new organizational (metadata), retrieval (discovery), and storage (preservation) options
• More active role in the educational and research mission of university (integrating information resources and services in course and research projects)
• Active educators: teaching students and faculty information literacy
Learning Place: the “Research Library” as a “Teaching Library”
Growing importance on “information literacy” in the open access, networked environment of the public Internet• Growth of library instruction• New Reference Techniques• Net Tutor
Connecting information resources to teaching• Course Management Systems• Course reserves, learning objects,
curriculum materials New learning space design in library facilities
Service Trends in ARL Libraries, 1991-2003
Thompson Library Renovation
$99 million 8 year project
Feasibility Study 2000 – 2002
Design Work 2002 – 2004
Construction 2005-2008
New Learning Space Design in Libraries
Balance between collections and user space Open office or studios for library staff Robust information technology infrastructure Attention to social amenities: café, lighting,
displays, soft furniture, Variety of spaces: quiet, private, gathering
places, much more group study, very flexible meeting and teaching space
Space for events and programs: exhibits, lectures, seminars, working groups, multimedia studio work
The Original Reading Room
The Current Reading Room
Proposed Restoration
Renovated Thompson Library at Ohio State University
Changes in Space and Place for Research Libraries in the Digital Age
1. Information Space: The evolution of collections work in research libraries: from collection development to collection management to knowledge management
Why and how we have evolved towards knowledge management
The Knowledge Bank project at the Ohio State University: building a knowledge management system
2. Learning Place: The integration of active teaching and learning into the physical and virtual research library
Designing learning places: physical and virtual The renovation of the William Oxley Thompson (Main)
Library at the Ohio State University
Thank You! Muchas Gracias!