Francesca De Giorgio, Federico Poli, Alessandro Brilloni, Francesca Soavi
A green energy storage technology
beyond lithium-ion batteries
www.bettery.eu, [email protected]
International Workshop on Supercapacitors and Energy Storage, Bologna 28 June 2019
“Batteries are at the heart of the ongoing industrial revolution.
They represent a key enabling technology in the context of the Energy Union.
Their development and production play a strategic role in the ongoing
transition to clean mobility and clean energy systems.
Batteries embody our ambition, as set out in President Juncker's State of the
Union, to help our industries remain or become world leaders in innovation,
digitisation and decarbonisation.”
Statement by Maroš Šefčovic
Vice-President of the EU Commission for Energy Union
Brussels, 11 October 2017
BATTERIES ARE KEY ENABLING TECHNOLOGY
2
THE NEED FOR BETTER BATTERIES
Costs
< 200 $/kWh
Energy
density
> 250 Wh/kg
Fast
recharge
Increase
Safety
Low Carbon
footprint
Van Noorden, Nature 257, 26-28 (2014) 3
BETTERY – Spinoff of University of Bologna
NEw Semi-Solid flow lithium OXygen battery (NESSOX)
Patent: Semi-solid Flow Li/O2 battery (WO2017021840A1)
ENERGY DENSITY 500 Wh/kg
COST 30% < Li-ion batteries
SPEED OF RECHARGE Minutes vs. Hours
SUSTAINABILITY: Reduction by 20% kgCO2eq
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BETTERY CONCEPT
Substitution of critical, toxic, low performance materials:
advanced materials for innovative batteries
Radical innovation in the battery value chain,
by developing a flow Li/O2 batteries
1) heavy metal-free flowable electrodes
2) no need of costly and environmentally harmful electrode preparation processes
3) solid part of flow electrodes recovered by simple physical means
4) bio-derived components
Target: carbon footprint reduction by 20% kg/CO2eq
5
Li/O2 BATTERIES
air breathing
for future e-mobility
NESSOX
I. Ruggeri, C. Arbizzani, F. Soavi, Electrochim. Acta, 2016, 206, 291-300 F. Soavi, C. Arbizzani, I. Ruggeri, Patent WO2017021840A1
REDOX FLOW BATTERIES
Flowable liquid electrodes
for large scale electrical
energy storage
NESSOXUp to 1 kWh kg-1
Fast recharge by “catholyte refueling”
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CHALLENGES OF LITHIUM/AIR BATTERY
Lu Y.-C et al., En. Env. Sci., 2013, 6, 750-768.J. W. Choi, D. Aurbach. Nature Reviews Materials, 1:16013,2016.
• Li2O2 is an insulating product that limits discharge capacity and causes high recharge overvoltage
LOW ENERGY EFFICIENCY
• Oxidative decomposition of the electrolyte affects rechargeability - LOW POWER
• Low O2 diffusion limits discharge rate < 1 mA cm-2 - LOW CYCLE LIFE
Non-aqueous air breathing cell
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NESSOX - THE CONCEPT
Li2O2 mainly deposits on the
slurry carbon particles
4I. Ruggeri, C. Arbizzani, F. Soavi, Electrochim. Acta, 206, 291-300 (2016). F. Soavi, C. Arbizzani, I. Ruggeri, Patent WO2017021840A1.
✓ Cathode current collector passivation is alleviated - HIGH DISCHARGE CAPACITY
✓ Carbon percolating network multiplies redox sites - BETTER CYCLE LIFE
8
Stirred, conventional electrochemical cell with carbon paper (CP) electrode
Electrolyte TEGDME-LiTFSI 9:1 mol/mol
Catholyte: Electrolyte + 2 % w/w SP
I. Ruggeri, C. Arbizzani, F. Soavi, Electrochimica Acta, 206, 291-300 (2016)
NESSOX – Catholyte discharge
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0 2 40
1
2
3
Ele
ctr
od
e p
ote
ntia
l (V
vs. L
i+/L
i)
CP/electrolyte
CP/catholyte
Lithium
11 days
a)
240 244 248
19 days
60 61
Lithium substitution
29 days
440 444
0 175 174111110621
CP substitution
Capacity (mAh cm-2)
696 700
Time (h)
175
29 days
0.25 mA cm-2
NESSOX catholyte
✓ Solid products of the discharge can be both deposited on the SP particles and dispersed in the liquid.
✓ Cathode current collector passivation mitigated and high discharge capacity density achieved.
Pristine carbon slurry Carbon slurry after 700 h discharge
Li2O2 on
carbon
NESSOX – Catholyte discharge
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2PB = 2% Pure Black 10PB = 10% Pure Black 2SP = 2% SupeP Carbon
I. Ruggeri, C. Arbizzani, F. Soavi, Carbon, 30 (2018) 749
NESSOX – Catholyte optimization
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Effect of catholyte formulation on high rate discharge
EUROPEAN Strategic Energy Technology Plan (SET-Plan)
Lab Prototype
Li-ion
Li-Oxygen
Li-Sulphur
Advanced
Li-ion
EN
ER
GY
DE
NS
ITY
NESSOX
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BETTERY ROADMAP
Jan 2018BETTERY
Foundation
NEW PATENTScells,
components & design
Mar–May 2018Prototype II
10 mA cm2
2021
System
validated at
TRL7
Jan-Mar 2019Prototype III
25 cm2
Jan 2020Prototype IV
40 cm2
June 2020BMS
Battery Stack
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MORE THAN 30 YEARS OF RESEARCH ON INNOVATIVE BATTERIES
FEDERICO
POLI
Employee n°1
Prototype
Modelling
M. Sc in Chemical
Engineering
FRANCESCA
SOAVI
Co-founder
Patent inventor
Chair of Energy Division of the
International Society of
Electrochemistry
>20-years on batteries
FRANCESCA
DE GIORGIO
Co-founder
President
9-years on batteries
ALESSANDRO
PASTORE
Co-founder
Vice President
Co-director of
Bologna Business
School
ALESSANDRO
BRILLONI
Co-founder
Prototype designer
M. Sc. in Energy
Engineering
TEAM
GIUSEPPE
SANSEVERINO,
IP advisor
Patent Law Expert, Assistant
Professor at University of Bari.MICHELE
DE GIORGIO,
Attorney and Accountant14
BETTERY
AWARDS/FINALIST SME instrument - Phase 1Project n. 837091, Nessox
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This activity was winner of the EIT RawMaterials Battery Challenge, funded by the European
Institute of Innovation and Technology (EIT), a body of the European Union, under the
Horizon2020 Framework Programme for Research and Innovation
(Agreement No. 15099-SCLC-2019-BAT_1)
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and
innovation programme under grant agreement No 837091, Nessox.
THANKS TO EU FUNDINGS
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The team
Dr Francesca Soavi
Ing. Alessandro Brilloni
Ing. Federico Poli
Ing. Alessandro Pastore
Acknowledgments
Laboratory of Electrochemistry of
Materials for Energetics
Prof. Catia Arbizzani
Dr Irene Ruggeri
Research fellows
Antonio Terella
Christina Toigo
Morteza Rahmanipour
Ramona Orlacchio
Mehrdad Mashkour
Mohammad Said El Halimi
Students
Giovanni E. Spina
Laura Malavolta
Jean Arico’
Matteo Morigi
Jacopo Seri
Nicola Mancuso
Tommaso Bisardi
Alessandro Olivieri
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CHANGE THE PARADIGM IN ENERGY STORAGE
BRING INTO THE MARKET THE LONGEST-LASTING, GREEN AND LIQUID BATTERY
BECOME THE WORLDWIDE LEADER ON NEXT GENERATION BATTERIES
20 YEARS R&D ON INNOVATIVE BATTERIES
FRANCESCA DE GIORGIO [email protected] 18
