A HOUSE DIVIDED CANNOT STAND

WHAT IS CIVIL WAR?

War between the people of the same country

Often fought because of economic, political, social, and/or religious differences

MAJOR CAUSES OF CONFLICT

Different societies Abolition/

Resistance to Slavery

Spread of slavery into western territories

SecessionFort Sumter

Attack

CAUSE 1: DIFFERENT SOCIETIES

Northern & Southern societies were very different

Different economiesDifferent views on

the role/importance of gov’tNorth wanted a big,

federal gov’tSouth wanted

smaller, state gov’ts

** These differences lead to a lack of trust on both sides

AMERICA IN THE EARLY 1800S

Country was divided into slave states and free states

Western lands were still territories and mostly unsettled by Americans

NORTHERN ECONOMY

Northern economy was very wealthy

Many factories and mills (lots of manufacturing)

Lots of railroads & steamboats to ship items from city to city

NORTHERN SOCIETY

Many Northern people live in cities

Have lots of contact with neighbors/community

North had large population

Strong faith in big government

Many have strong feelings against slavery

SOUTHERN ECONOMY

Southern economy is agricultural

Cotton became “King” after invention of cotton gin in 1793

Large plantations (farms) created need for slavery (cheap labor)

Main crops: cotton, tobacco, rice

SOUTHERN SOCIETY

Most people were small farmers

Plantation life- secluded and self-sufficient

Smaller population than the north

Very few railroads Most people live in

countryside Lack of trust in big

government While most people

did not own slaves, nearly all supported slavery

INTERPRETING GRAPHS

Turn to page 407 in your textbook and find the circle graph labeled, Southern Population, 1860. With your partner, answer the following question:

1.What percentage of the population was white? Black?

2.How might the size of the African American population affect whites’ treatment of them?

INTERPRETING THEMATIC MAPS

Turn to page 389 in your textbook. Looking at the map labeled, Railroad Expansion, 1860, answer the following question:

1. Which region might have an advantage for transporting goods and people more easily?

Turn to page 401 in your textbook. Find the map labeled, Cotton Production, 1820-1860, and answer the following questions:

1. What factor contributed to the increase in cotton production?

2. How might an agricultural economy increase the need for workers?

PARTNER QUESTION

Why would these economic and social differences lead to conflict between the North and South?

CAUSE 2: ABOLITION MOVEMENT/RESISTANCE TO SLAVERY

Many northerners hated slavery

Worked hard to abolish it throughout the country

These attempts to abolish slavery angered the south who believed it was their right to have slaves

WHAT IS SLAVERY?

Slavery is a system that allows people to be bought and sold like property and then forced to work

Has existed throughout most of the world

How did it get to the U.S?

The Triangle TradeThe Middle Passage

Use the information presented in the video and the reading the answer the following questions:

1) What was the Middle Passage?

2) Describe the conditions on board the slave ship.

3) What percentage of slaves died along the way due to the harsh conditions?

SLAVE LIFEDeeply religious

(“spirituals”)Growth of extended

families to take care of lost loved ones (till death or distance do us part)

House slaves, field slaves, specialized tradesmen/artisans (carpenters, blacksmiths, etc)

READING FOR INFORMATION

Read the passage about slave life with your partner and answer the following questions:

1.How were slaves punished?2.What could slaves be punished for?3.What are 2 examples of slave

codes?

PHOTOGRAPH ANALYSIS

Analyze the photograph about slave life and answer the questions in your notes.

PUBLICATION OF UNCLE TOM’S CABIN

Author- Harriet Beecher Stowe

Story told the story of slave life

Exposed the brutality of slavery

People around the world were horrified

“… the little lady who started the great big war.”

PRIMARY RESOURCE ANALYSIS

Read the excerpt from Uncle Tom’s Cabin and answer the following questions:

NAT TURNER’S REBELLION

1831- A slave leader, Nat Turner, leads a slave rebellion that results in 55 white deaths

Wanted to protest the system of slavery

Eventually caught and executed

Whites were terrified of more slave revolts

Passed stricter laws to control slaves

JOHN BROWN

Famous abolitionist Led a raid in Harper’s

Ferry, VA in 1859 Attacked an arsenal

(weapon storage) in hopes of arming slaves and leading a rebellion

Uprising was put down and Brown was hanged for treason & murder

Both N & S were shaken by this event

HERO OR VILLAIN?

Turn to pages 456-457 in your textbook and read the American Diary and the primary resource labeled, Hero or Villain?

How did Southerners and Northerners view John Brown differently? Why do you think this is?

DRED SCOTT Scott was a slave in MO (slave state)

His owner moved the family and Scott to Illinois (free state)

Scott sued for his freedom

Legal question: Now that Scott lives in a free state, is he still a slave?

Case goes to US Supreme Court

DRED SCOTT DECISION (1857)

Since Scott was a slave (property), he was not a citizen and did not have a right to sue in court

Slaves are property & the Constitution prohibits property from being taken away w/o due process

***Effectively legalizes slavery anywhere in the US

SUMMARY QUESTIONS

1. Why were so many northerners opposed to slavery?

2. How did abolition cause problems between the north and south?

UNDERGROUND RAILROAD

Neither underground nor a railroad (see pgs. 432-433)

Network of people who hated slavery and wanted it abolished

Abolitionists supported Slaves would escape

southern plantations & hide in homes as they traveled N

Famous “conductor”- Harriet Tubman

CAUSE #3: SPREAD OF SLAVERY

N wanted it contained in S

S wanted it to spread

With new territories opening up in the West, N & S compete for land, resources, & political votes (power in Washington, D.C.)

NEW LAND 1803- Louisiana Purchase (US gained land west of the Mississippi River)

Should this new land be open to slavery?

MISSOURI PROBLEM

1819- MO applies for statehood as a slave state

As a state, they will get reps and senators in DC

At this time, 11 slave states & 11 free states

If MO enters as a slave state, there is no balance of power

AMERICAN DIARY

Turn to page 448 in your textbook. After chorally reading the passage as a class, answer the following question with your partner:

1.) Why was Thomas Jefferson so concerned about Missouri applying for statehood?

2.) What did he mean when he said, “I considered it at once the knell of the Union.”

MISSOURI COMPROMISE

MO allowed to enter as a slave state

Maine may also enter as a free state

Western territory is divided by imaginary line at the 36 30 latitude

Anything N of this line= slavery was illegal

Anything S of this line= slavery OK

PARTNER QUESTION

Why were Northern states so concerned about slavery spreading

to the western territories?

NEW TERRITORIES & NEW CHALLENGES

US fights war w/ Mexico in late 1840s & wins

Gains new territoriesCA, NM, UT, AZ, WY,

NV, COWill these new

territories be open to slavery?

N & S begin to fight bitterly

COMPROMISE OF 1850

Country is trying to avoid war

Sen. Henry Clay proposes Compromise of 1850: CA enters as free

state Rest of land decides

slavery on their own (popular sovereignty)

Slave trade banned in Washington, DC

Fugitive Slave Act- law that made it illegal to help a runaway slave

North gains: South gains:

Compromise of 1850

PARTNER QUESTION

How did both sides compromise on the issue of slavery?

KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT OF 1854

Unorganized territory would be divided into 2 territories: KS & NE

Slavery issue would be decided here by popular sovereignty

Anger grows b/w pro-slavery & anti-slavery settlers in KS (Bleeding Kansas in 1856)

INTERPRETING THEMATIC MAPS

Turn to page 454 in your textbook and find the two maps labeled, Slavery and Sectionalism. With your partner, answer the following question:

1. According to the two maps, what is the main difference between the Compromise of 1850 and the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854?

SUMMARY

Western expansion led to competition for territory between the North and South. The more states each side had, the more _____________ that side had in Congress.

ELECTION OF 1860

Main issue: Should slavery spread to western territories?

Democrat candidate: Stephen Douglas

Republican candidate: Abraham Lincoln

Lincoln opposes spread of slavery

Douglas supports popular sovereignty

ELECTION RESULTS

Lincoln wins and south blows up

Southern states did not believe Lincoln would respect their way of life

CAUSE #4: SECESSION

Southern states begin to talk about leaving the Union and forming their own country

Southern states believed they had a right to leave the Union if they wanted (claimed states’ rights)

South Carolina was first to leave, others followed shortly after

Form the Confederate States of America (Confederacy)

Jefferson Davis becomes president, Richmond, VA is capitol

STATES’ RIGHTS

Most Southerners believed that states should have more power than the federal gov’t (10th amendment)

b/c each state has its own individual needs, the federal gov’t should leave them alone to decide their own matters

Believed that states’ rights & the 10th amendment gave them the right to secede if they wanted

POLITICAL CARTOON ANALYSIS

Turn to page 464 in your textbook and locate the political cartoon.

1.What do the men in the cartoon represent?

2.Look at each person’s expression. How would you describe their expressions?

3.What does the cartoonist think will result from the men’s actions?

CAUSE #5: ATTACK ON FORT SUMTER

Confederacy attacks Fort Sumter in SC on April 12, 1861

Union soldiers surrender with no loss of life (April 14)

Lincoln has no choice but to defend the Union

Calls for 75,000 northern volunteers

Civil War begins