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    A history of Windows: Highlights from the first 25 years

    19751981: Microsoft boots up

    Getting started: Microsoft co-founders Paul Allen (left) and Bill Gates

    Its the 1970s. At work, we rely on typewriters. If we need to copy a document, we likely

    use a mimeograph or carbon paper. Few have heard of microcomputers, but two young

    computer enthusiasts, Bill Gates and Paul Allen, see that personal computing is a path

    to the future.

    In 1975, Gates and Allen form a partnership called Microsoft. Like most start-ups,

    Microsoft begins small, but has a huge visiona computer on every desktop and in

    every home. During the next years, Microsoft begins to change the ways we work.

    The dawn of MS-DOS

    In June 1980, Gates and Allen hire Gates former Harvard classmate Steve Ballmer to

    help run the company. The next month, IBM approaches Microsoft about a project code-

    named "Chess." In response, Microsoft focuses on a new operating systemthe

    software that manages, or runs, the computer hardware and also serves to bridge the

    gap between the computer hardware and programs, such as a word processor. Its the

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    foundation on which computer programs can run. They name their new operating

    system "MS-DOS."

    When the IBM PC running MS-DOS ships in 1981, it introduces a whole new language

    to the general public. Typing C: and various cryptic commands gradually becomes part

    of daily work. People discover the backslash (\) key.

    MS-DOS is effective, but also proves difficult to understand for many people. There has

    to be a better way to build an operating system.

    Geek trivia: MS-DOS stands for Microsoft Disk Operating System.

    History of Microsoft Operating Systems Timeline

    http://www.learn44.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/MS-DOS-Family-Line.jpg
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    History of Microsoft Operating Systems Timeline

    Microsoft has been effective in Operating Systems bazar since 1980. From the start

    Microsoft divided Operating System into two family lines. The one is MS DOS family

    and the other is Windows NT. Each family line has multiple families like as windows

    3.x,9x,NT 3x, NT 4.0, 2000, XP, Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8. And also in Servers

    section Windows Server 2003 is the new edition in the Windows family.

    MS-DOS (Microsoft Disk Operation System): The Began

    IBM came up to Microsoft in regarding developing a new OS for their computers

    machines in 1980s. Thats before; Microsoft had never created any Operating System

    before. Tim Paterson created the OS for IBM on Quick and Dirty Operating

    System(QDOS). That he sold to Microsoft for $50000, and Microsoft modify that and

    sold it to IBM under the name Personal Computer Disk Operating System (PC -DOS).

    Microsoft keeps hold on the rights of the OS. The allowed them to market the OS to

    vendors other than IBM under the name Microsoft Disk Operating System (MS-DOS).

    MS-DOS was officially released in 1981.

    19821985: Introducing Windows 1.0

    Microsoft works on the first version of a new operating system. Interface Manager is the

    code name and is considered as the final name, but Windows prevails because it best

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    describes the boxes or computing windows that are fundamental to the new system.

    Windows is announced in 1983, but it takes a while to develop. Skeptics call it

    vaporware.

    The fully-packaged Windows 1.0

    On November 20, 1985, two years after the initial announcement, Microsoft ships

    Windows 1.0. Now, rather than typing MS-DOS commands, you just move a mouse to

    point and click your way through screens, or windows. Bill Gates says, It is unique

    software designed for the serious PC user

    There are drop-down menus, scroll bars, icons, and dialog boxes that make programs

    easier to learn and use. You're able to switch among several programs without having

    to quit and restart each one. Windows 1.0 ships with several programs, including

    MS-DOS file management, Paint, Windows Writer, Notepad, Calculator, and a calendar,

    card file, and clock to help you manage day-to-day activities. Theres even a game

    Reversi.

    Geek trivia: Remember floppy disks and kilobytes? Windows 1.0 requires a minimum of256 kilobytes (KB), two double-sided floppy disk drives, and a graphics adapter card. A

    hard disk and 512 KB memory is recommended for running multiple programs or when

    using DOS 3.0 or higher.

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    19871992: Windows 2.02.11More windows, more speed

    On December 9, 1987 Microsoft releases Windows 2.0 with desktop icons and

    expanded memory. With improved graphics support, you can now overlap windows,

    control the screen layout, and use keyboard shortcuts to speed up your work. Some

    software developers write their first Windowsbased programs for this release.

    Windows 2.0

    Windows 2.0 is designed for the Intel 286 processor. When the Intel 386 processor is

    released, Windows/386 soon follows to take advantage of its extended memory

    capabilities. Subsequent Windows releases continue to improve the speed, reliability,

    and usability of the PC.

    In 1988, Microsoft becomes the worlds largest PC software company based on sales.

    Computers are starting to become a part of daily life for some office workers.

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    Geek trivia: Control Panel makes its first appearance in Windows 2.0.

    19901994: Windows 3.0Windows NTGetting the graphics

    On May 22, 1990, Microsoft announces Windows 3.0, followed shortly by Windows 3.1

    in 1992. Taken together, they sell 10 million copies in their first 2 years, making this the

    most widely used Windows operating system yet. The scale of this success causes

    Microsoft to revise earlier plans. Virtual Memory improves visual graphics. In 1990

    Windows starts to look like the versions to come.

    Windows now has significantly better performance, advanced graphics with 16 colors,

    and improved icons. A new wave of 386 PCs helps drive the popularity of Windows 3.0.

    With full support for the Intel 386 processor, programs run noticeably faster. ProgramManager, File Manager, and Print Manager arrive in Windows 3.0.

    Bill Gates shows the newly-released Windows 3.0

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    Windows software is installed with floppy discs bought in large boxes with heavy

    instruction manuals.

    The popularity of Windows 3.0 grows with the release of a new Windows software

    development kit (SDK), which helps software developers focus more on writing

    programs and less on writing device drivers.

    Windows is increasingly used at work and home and now includes games like Solitaire,

    Hearts, and Minesweeper. An advertisement: Now you can use the incredible power of

    Windows 3.0 to goof off.

    Windows for Workgroups 3.11 adds peer-to-peer workgroup and domain networking

    support and, for the first time, PCs become an integral part of the emerging client/server

    computing evolution.

    Windows NT

    When Windows NT releases on July 27, 1993, Microsoft meets an important milestone:

    the completion of a project begun in the late 1980s to build an advanced new operating

    system from scratch. "Windows NT represents nothing less than a fundamental change

    in the way that companies can address their business computing requirements," Bill

    Gates says at its release.

    Unlike Windows 3.1, however, Windows NT 3.1 is a 32-bit operating system, which

    makes it a strategic business platform that supports high-end engineering and scientific

    programs.

    Geek trivia: The group that develops Windows NT was originally called the "Portable

    Systems" team.

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    19952001: Windows 95the PC comes of age (and don't forget the Internet)

    On August 24, 1995, Microsoft releases Windows 95, selling a record-setting 7 million

    copies in the first five weeks. Its the most publicized launch Microsoft has ever taken

    on. Television commercials feature the Rolling Stones singing "Start Me Up" over

    images of the new Start button. The press release simply begins: Its here.

    Launch day: Bill Gates introduces Windows 95

    This is the era of fax/modems, e-mail, the new online world, and dazzling multimedia

    games and educational software. Windows 95 has built-in Internet support, dial-up

    networking, and new Plug and Play capabilities that make it easy to install hardware

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    and software. The 32-bit operating system also offers enhanced multimedia capabilities,

    more powerful features for mobile computing, and integrated networking.

    At the time of the Windows 95 release, the previous Windows and MS-DOS operating

    systems are running on about 80 percent of the worlds PCs. Windows 95 is the

    upgrade to these operating systems. To run Windows 95, you need a PC with a 386DX

    or higher processor (486 recommended) and at least 4 MB of RAM (8 MB of RAM

    recommended). Upgrade versions are available for both floppy disk and CD-ROM

    formats. Its available in 12 languages.

    Windows 95 features the first appearance of the Start menu, taskbar, and minimize,

    maximize, and close buttons on each window.

    Windows 95

    Catching the Internet wave

    In the early 1990s, tech insiders are talking about the Interneta network of networks

    that has the power to connect computers all over the world. In 1995, Bill Gates delivers

    a memo titled The Internet Tidal Wave, and declares the Internet as the most

    important development since the advent of the PC.

    In the summer of 1995, the first version of Internet Explorer is released. The browser

    joins those already vying for space on the World Wide Web.

    Geek trivia: In 1996, Microsoft releases Flight Simulator for Windows 95the first time

    in its 14-year history that its available for Windows.

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    19982000: Windows 98, Windows 2000, Windows Me

    Windows 98

    Released on June 25, 1998, Windows 98 is the first version of Windows designed

    specifically for consumers. PCs are common at work and home, and Internet cafes

    where you can get online are popping up. Windows 98 is described as an operating

    system that Works Better, Plays Better.

    With Windows 98, you can find information more easily on your PC as well as the

    Internet. Other improvements include the ability to open and close programs more

    quickly, and support for reading DVD discs and universal serial bus (USB) devices.

    Another first appearance is the Quick Launch bar, which lets you run programs without

    having to browse the Start menu or look for them on the desktop.

    Geek trivia: Windows 98 is the last version based on MS-DOS.

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    Windows 98

    Windows Me

    Designed for home computer use, Windows Me offers numerous music, video, and

    home networking enhancements and reliability improvements compared to previous

    versions.

    First appearances: System Restore, a feature that can roll back your PC software

    configuration to a date or time before a problem occurred. Movie Maker provides users

    with the tools to digitally edit, save, and share home videos. And with Microsoft

    Windows Media Player 7 technologies, you can find, organize, and play digital media.

    Geek trivia: Technically speaking, Windows Me was the last Microsoft operating system

    to be based on the Windows 95 code base. Microsoft announced that all future

    operating system products would be based on the Windows NT and Windows 2000

    kernel.

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    Windows 2000 Professional

    Windows 2000 Professional

    More than just the upgrade to Windows NT Workstation 4.0, Windows 2000

    Professional is designed to replace Windows 95, Windows 98, and Windows NT

    Workstation 4.0 on all business desktops and laptops. Built on top of the proven

    Windows NT Workstation 4.0 code base, Windows 2000 adds major improvements in

    reliability, ease of use, Internet compatibility, and support for mobile computing.

    Among other improvements, Windows 2000 Professional simplifies hardware

    installation by adding support for a wide variety of new Plug and Play hardware,

    including advanced networking and wireless products, USB devices, IEEE 1394

    devices, and infrared devices.

    Geek trivia: The nightly stress test performed on Windows 2000 during development is

    the equivalent of three months of run time on up to 1,500 computers.

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    Windows XP Home Edition offers a clean, simplified visual design that makes frequently

    used features more accessible. Designed for home use, Windows XP offers such

    enhancements as the Network Setup Wizard, Windows Media Player, Windows Movie

    Maker, and enhanced digital photo capabilities.

    Windows XP Professional brings the solid foundation of Windows 2000 to the PC

    desktop, enhancing reliability, security, and performance. With a fresh visual design,

    Windows XP Professional includes features for business and advanced home

    computing, including remote desktop support, an encrypting file system, and system

    restore and advanced networking features. Key enhancements for mobile users include

    wireless 802.1x networking support, Windows Messenger, and Remote Assistance.

    Windows XP has several editions during these years:

    Windows XP 64-bit Edition (2001) is the first Microsoft operating system for 64-bit

    processors designed for working with large amounts of memory and projects

    such as movie special effects, 3D animations, engineering, and scientific

    programs.

    Windows XP Media Center Edition (2002) is made for home computing and

    entertainment. You can browse the Internet, watch live television, enjoy digitalmusic and video collections, and watch DVDs.

    Windows XP Tablet PC Edition (2002) realizes the vision of pen-based

    computing. Tablet PCs include a digital pen for handwriting recognition and you

    can use the mouse or keyboard, too.

    Geek trivia: Windows XP is compiled from 45 million lines of code.

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    20062008: Windows VistaSmart on security

    Windows Vista is released in 2006 with the strongest security system yet. User Account

    Control helps prevent potentially harmful software from making changes to your

    computer. In Windows Vista Ultimate, BitLocker Drive Encryption provides better data

    protection for your computer, as laptop sales and security needs increase.

    Windows Vista also features enhancements to Windows Media Player as more and

    more people come to see their PCs as central locations for digital media. Here you can

    watch television, view and send photographs, and edit videos.

    Windows Vista Ultimate

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    Design plays a big role in Windows Vista, and features such as the taskbar and the

    borders around windows get a brand new look. Search gets new emphasis and helps

    people find files on their PCs faster. Windows Vista introduces new editions that each

    have a different mix of features. It's available in 35 languages. The redesigned Start

    button makes its first appearance in Windows Vista.

    Geek trivia: More than 1.5 million devices are compatible with Windows Vista at launch.

    2009: Windows 7

    Windows 7 was built for the wireless world that arose in the late 2000s. By the time it

    was released, laptops were outselling desktops, and it had become common to connect

    to public wireless hotspots in coffee shops and private networks in the home.

    Windows 7 included new ways to work with windowslike Snap, Peek, and Shake

    which both improved functionality and made the interface more fun to use. It also

    marked the debut of Windows Touch, which let touchscreen users browse the web, flip

    through photos, and open files and folders.

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    Improvements to the Windows 7 taskbar include live thumbnail previews

    Geek trivia: Windows 7 was evaluated by 8 million beta testers worldwide before it was

    released.

    2012: Windows 8

    Windows 8 is Windows reimagined from the chipset to the user experience. It functions

    as both a tablet for entertainment and a full-featured PC for getting things done. It

    introduces a totally new interface that works smoothly for both touch and mouse and

    keyboard. Windows 8 also includes enhancements of the familiar Windows desktop,

    with a new taskbar and streamlined file management.

    Windows 8 features a Start screen with tiles that connect to people, files, apps, and

    websites. Apps are front and center, with access to a new place to get apps the

    Windows Storebuilt right in to the Start screen.

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    Along with Windows 8, Microsoft also launched Windows RT, which runs on some

    tablets and PCs. Windows RT is designed for sleek devices and long battery life, and

    exclusively runs apps from the Windows Store. It also comes with a built-in version of

    Office that's optimized for touchscreens.

    Geek trivia: Power users will notice that Windows 8 has made the detection and

    correction of file system errors both more transparent and less intrusive.

    Facts: Microsoft Windows history

    Year Event

    1983 Bill Gates announces Microsoft Windows November 10,1983.

    1985MicrosoftWindows 1.0 is introduced in November 20, 1985 and is initially sold

    for $100.00.

    1987Microsoft Windows 2.0 was released December 9, 1987 and is initially sold for

    $100.00.

    1987Microsoft Windows/386 or Windows 386 is introduced December 9, 1987 and

    is initially sold for $100.00.

    1988

    Microsoft Windows/286 or Windows 286 is introduced June, 1988 and is

    initially sold for $100.00.

    1990MicrosoftWindows 3.0 was released May, 22 1990. Microsoft Windows 3.0 full

    version was priced at $149.95 and the upgrade version was priced at $79.95.

    1991Following its decision not to develop operating systems cooperatively with

    IBM,Microsoft changes the name ofOS/2 toWindows NT.

    1991Microsoft Windows 3.0 or Windows 3.0a with multimedia was released

    October, 1991.

    1992MicrosoftWindows 3.1 was released April, 1992 and sells more than 1 Million

    copies within the first two months of its release.

    1992 MicrosoftWindows for Workgroups 3.1 was released October, 1992.

    1993 MicrosoftWindows NT 3.1 was released July 27, 1993.

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    1993MicrosoftWindows 3.11,an update to Windows 3.1 is released December 31,

    1993.

    1993The number of licensed users of Microsoft Windows now totals more than 25

    Million.

    1994 MicrosoftWindows for Workgroups 3.11 was released February, 1994.

    1994 MicrosoftWindows NT 3.5 was released September 21, 1994.

    1995 MicrosoftWindows NT 3.51 was released May 30, 1995.

    1995MicrosoftWindows 95 was released August 24, 1995 and sells more than 1

    Million copies within 4 days.

    1995Microsoft Windows 95 Service Pack 1 (4.00.950A) is released February 14,

    1996.

    1996 MicrosoftWindows NT 4.0 was released July 29, 1996.

    1996MicrosoftWindows 95 (4.00.950B) aka OSR2 withFAT32 andMMX support is

    released August 24, 1996.

    1996 MicrosoftWindows CE 1.0 was released November, 1996.

    1997 MicrosoftWindows CE 2.0 was released November, 1997.

    1997

    Microsoft Windows 95 (4.00.950C) aka OSR2.5 is released November 26,

    1997.

    1998 MicrosoftWindows 98 was released June, 1998.

    1998 MicrosoftWindows CE 2.1 was released July, 1998.

    1998

    In October of 1998 Microsoft announced that future releases of Windows NT

    would no longer have the initials of NT and that the next edition would be

    Windows 2000.

    1999 MicrosoftWindows 98 SE (Second Edition) was released May 5, 1999.

    1999 MicrosoftWindows CE 3.0 was released 1999.

    2000On January 4th atCES Bill Gates announces the new version of Windows CE

    will be called Pocket PC.

    2000 MicrosoftWindows 2000 was released February 17, 2000.

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    2000 MicrosoftWindows ME (Millennium) released June 19, 2000.

    2001 MicrosoftWindows XP is released October 25, 2001.

    2001Microsoft Windows XP 64-Bit Edition (Version 2002) for Itanium systems is

    released March 28, 2003.2003 Microsoft Windows Server 2003 is released March 28, 2003.

    2003Microsoft Windows XP 64-Bit Edition (Version 2003) for Itanium 2 systems is

    released on March 28, 2003.

    2003Microsoft Windows XP Media Center Edition 2003 is released on December

    18, 2003.

    2004MicrosoftWindows XP Media Center Edition 2005 is released on October 12,

    2004.

    2005 MicrosoftWindows XP Professional x64 Edition is released on April 24, 2005.

    2005Microsoft announces it's next operating system, codenamed "Longhorn" will be

    named Windows Vista on July 23, 2005.

    2006Microsoft releases Microsoft Windows Vista to corporations on November 30,

    2006.

    2007

    Microsoft releases Microsoft Windows Vista and Office 2007 to the general

    public January 30, 2007.

    2009 Microsoft releasesWindows 7 October 22, 2009.

    2012 Microsoft releasesWindows 8 October 26, 2012.

    Reference:

    1. http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows/history

    2. http://www.microsoft.com/about/companyinformation/visitorcenter/timeline.htm

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