A landmark survey of the great continent

Africa: An Encyclopedia for StudentsJohn Middleton, Editor

CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS

MML15100/Africa/4clr.sm 9/5/01 11:40 AM Page 1

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A partial list of articles by subject area: (Encyclopedia is A-Z)

ArtsArchitectureCinemaCraftsDanceLiteratureMasks and MasqueradeMusical InstrumentsMyths of AfricaPoetryRock Art

BiographiesSidi al-MukhtarGamal Abdel NasserSteven BikoSir Richard BurtonVasco da GamaF. W. De KlerkW. E. B. Du BoisKing FaroukAthol FugardMarcus GarveyNadine GordimerDavid LivingstoneNelson MandelaHosni MubarakAnwar SadatHaile Selassie IDesmond Tutu

CultureArabs in AfricaBantuBody Adornment and

ClothingChinese in AfricaEducationFamilyFood and DrinkHealth CareKinshipLiteracyMaasaiOral Culture and

Tradition

EconomicsBorrowing and LendingHunger and FamineIvory TradeLaborMiningMoney and CurrenciesPlantation Economies

and Societies

GeographyAlgeriaBotswanaCameroonColonial and

Postcolonial BoundariesEritreaFrontiers and Frontier

SocietiesKalahari DesertLesothoNigerSomaliaSouth Africa

GovernmentKings and KingshipLaws and Legal SystemsMilitary Governments

and ArmiesMuslim Political

OrganizationsNationalism in AfricaPostcolonial StatesQueens and Queen

MothersTribalism

HistoryAfrican DiasporaApartheidBoer WarDecolonizationNatal ColonyNorth AfricaSouth Africa

Peasantry and Land Settlement

SennarSlave StateWorld Wars I and II

PoliticsGenocide and ViolenceHuman RightsIndependence

MovementsLand OwnershipNationalism in AfricaNeocolonialism in

AfricaRole of Africa in Global

PoliticsUnited Nations in

Africa

ReligionEthiopian Orthodox

ChurchInitiation RitesIslam in AfricaMissions and

MissionariesSecret SocietiesSpirit PossessionSufismWitchcraft and Sorcery

ScienceDiseasesEnergy and Energy

ResourcesForests and ForestryHealing and MedicineHuman Origins

in AfricaLeakey FamilyMetals and MetallurgyAnd much more!

For a complete list of articles, visitwww.galegroup.com/scribners

Africa — a world waiting to berevealedIt is the world’s second largest continent, homeland to morethan 770 million people, where more than 1,500 differentlanguages are spoken. It is the place where the oldest hominidremains were found and where pyramids stand mysteriouslyfrozen in time. Its savannas, deserts, and storied rivers havelured explorers and been mythologized by writers. Yet itsdeep history — and great potential — is only just beginningto be documented in the West.

The scope and complexity of Africa have challenged his-torians, with just a few single-volume reference worksavailable, many of them written for an upper-level aca-demic audience. Now, Charles Scribner’s Sons presentsthe first authoritative multi-volume reference work writ-ten especially for students on the history, peoples, arts,politics, and geography of this great continent. From thetravels of Ibn Battuta, the greatest African explorer of

medieval times, to the rich legacy of Somali poetry, thetopics covered in the Encyclopedia support a wide range ofcurriculum areas.

From Egypt in the North toCape Town in the South Four illustrated volumes encompass all of Africa, fromthe Mediterranean Sea to the Antarctic Ocean. Spanningeverything from animals, foods, holidays, and tribalgroups to ecology, economy, geography, religion, and fos-sils, Africa: An Encyclopedia for Students is comprehensivein scope and designed to support student research.Produced by the creative team that developed award-winning titles such as Ancient Greece and Rome and TheMiddle Ages, the Encyclopedia has the inviting, opendesign and user-friendly features that appeal to studentsin high school and junior college. Sidebars, timelines,photographs, and a 2-color page design support researchand encourage browsing.

Based onA Library Jo

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(On the p

Save with p• $325.00/• $375.00 t

Actual page size is 8.5” x 11”

Call 1-800-877-4253 (in the U.S. and Canada) or send an e-mail

MML15100/Africa/4clr.sm 9/5/01 2:20 PM Page 2

Africa: An Encyclopedia for StudentsFor any research assignment, or just for browsing, the Encyclopedia answers questions in clear,concise articles that include student friendly features. In addition to entries on each nation ofmodern Africa, articles cover the numerous ethnic groups and equally numerous political,social, and religious practices that differ from country to country.

Students will find answers to many research questions:

• What are the origins of apartheid?

• Which countries are predominantly Muslim, and which are Christian?

• How have writers responded to colonialism?

• What natural and human factors threaten the savannas?

• When did Nelson Mandela first enter politics?

• How have masks been used in African ceremonies and rituals?

• Which peoples were decimated by the slave trade?

• What role do women play in African politics today?

• How does the climate in South Africa differ from the North?

• 1st Ed. About 900 pp. in 4 vols. • Ready December 2001• ISBN 0-684-80650-9• Order #MML15100-173480

Features:• 500 A-to-Z articles

• 260 black-and-white illustrations and an 8-page colorinsert in each volume

• 2-color interior design

• Sidebars, timelines, chronologies, maps, and boxedstatistical data for each country article

A partial list of articles by subject area: (Encyclopedia is A-Z)

ArtsArchitectureCinemaCraftsDanceLiteratureMasks and MasqueradeMusical InstrumentsMyths of AfricaPoetryRock Art

BiographiesSidi al-MukhtarGamal Abdel NasserSteven BikoSir Richard BurtonVasco da GamaF. W. De KlerkW. E. B. Du BoisKing FaroukAthol FugardMarcus GarveyNadine GordimerDavid LivingstoneNelson MandelaHosni MubarakAnwar SadatHaile Selassie IDesmond Tutu

CultureArabs in AfricaBantuBody Adornment and

ClothingChinese in AfricaEducationFamilyFood and DrinkHealth CareKinshipLiteracyMaasaiOral Culture and

Tradition

EconomicsBorrowing and LendingHunger and FamineIvory TradeLaborMiningMoney and CurrenciesPlantation Economies

and Societies

GeographyAlgeriaBotswanaCameroonColonial and

Postcolonial BoundariesEritreaFrontiers and Frontier

SocietiesKalahari DesertLesothoNigerSomaliaSouth Africa

GovernmentKings and KingshipLaws and Legal SystemsMilitary Governments

and ArmiesMuslim Political

OrganizationsNationalism in AfricaPostcolonial StatesQueens and Queen

MothersTribalism

HistoryAfrican DiasporaApartheidBoer WarDecolonizationNatal ColonyNorth AfricaSouth Africa

Peasantry and Land Settlement

SennarSlave StateWorld Wars I and II

PoliticsGenocide and ViolenceHuman RightsIndependence

MovementsLand OwnershipNationalism in AfricaNeocolonialism in

AfricaRole of Africa in Global

PoliticsUnited Nations in

Africa

ReligionEthiopian Orthodox

ChurchInitiation RitesIslam in AfricaMissions and

MissionariesSecret SocietiesSpirit PossessionSufismWitchcraft and Sorcery

ScienceDiseasesEnergy and Energy

ResourcesForests and ForestryHealing and MedicineHuman Origins

in AfricaLeakey FamilyMetals and MetallurgyAnd much more!

For a complete list of articles, visitwww.galegroup.com/scribners

Based on award-winning scholarship of the parent set: Encyclopedia of AfricaA Library Journal Best Reference Source and an ALA Outstanding Reference

“It is hard to overstate the importance of this encyclopedia.”—American Reference Books Annual, 1999

(On the parent set: Encyclopedia of Africa)

Save with prepublication offer:• $325.00/4-vol. set. Prepub price good until 12/31/01• $375.00 thereafter

Call 1-800-877-4253 (in the U.S. and Canada) or send an e-mail to international@galegroup.com (outside the U.S. and Canada)

Order FormQty. Order No. Title Price

__MML15100-173480 Africa: An Encyclopedia for StudentsPrepub price good until 12/31/01 $325.00Regular price thereafter $375.00

4 easy ways to order

1. MAIL this form to:Gale GroupP.O. Box 9187 Farmington Hills, MI 48333-9187USA

2. CALL toll-free in the U.S. andCanada: 1-800-877-4253

Bill to:Name_______________________________Gale Group Account #____________________

Institution _________________________________________________________________

Address______________________________________________________________

City/State/Province __________________________________________________________

ZIP/Postal Code/Country _____________________________________________________

Phone (_______)_______________________ Fax (_______) ________________________

E-mail ____________________________________________________________________

Ship to:Name_______________________________Gale Group Account #____________________

Institution _________________________________________________________________

Address ___________________________________________________________________

City/State/Province __________________________________________________________

ZIP/Postal Code/Country _____________________________________________________

Phone (_______)_______________________ Fax (_______) ________________________

E-mail ____________________________________________________________________

Method of Payment■■ Check or money order enclosed. The Gale Group pays postage and handling (in the U.S. and Canada).■■ Charge my credit card, plus postage and handling.

■■ Visa ■■ MasterCard ■■ American Express ■■ Discover

Card #_____________________________________________Exp. Date ______________

Signature_________________________________________________________________

■■ I have an established account, please bill me (plus postage and handling).

P.O.#____________________________________________________________________If using your own P.O., please indicate Gale Group Order #MML15100.

New customers: Please prepay by credit card or check.■■ I would like to establish an account with the Gale Group. Please send me a credit application.

Sales tax is applicable in Canada and all but the following states: AK, DE, MT, NH and OR. Prices do notinclude GST or local taxes. Prices are subject to change without notice. Special offers may not be combined withany other discount. GSA Contract #GS-14F-6092A.

3. FAX toll-free in the U.S. andCanada: 1-800-414-5043(outside the U.S. and Canada): +1-248-699-8035

4. Contact us ELECTRONICALLY:E-mail Orders: (in the U.S. andCanada): galeord@galegroup.comInternet: www.galegroup.com (outside the U.S. and Canada): international@galegroup.com Internet: www.galegroup.com/world

JJ/SM MML15100/08/01

CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS

MML15100/Africa/4clr.sm 9/5/01 11:41 AM Page 2

Africa: An Encyclopedia for StudentsFor any research assignment, or just for browsing, the Encyclopedia answers questions in clear,concise articles that include student friendly features. In addition to entries on each nation ofmodern Africa, articles cover the numerous ethnic groups and equally numerous political,social, and religious practices that differ from country to country.

Students will find answers to many research questions:

• What are the origins of apartheid?

• Which countries are predominantly Muslim, and which are Christian?

• How have writers responded to colonialism?

• What natural and human factors threaten the savannas?

• When did Nelson Mandela first enter politics?

• How have masks been used in African ceremonies and rituals?

• Which peoples were decimated by the slave trade?

• What role do women play in African politics today?

• How does the climate in South Africa differ from the North?

• 1st Ed. About 900 pp. in 4 vols. • Ready December 2001• ISBN 0-684-80650-9• Order #MML15100-173480

Features:• 500 A-to-Z articles

• 260 black-and-white illustrations and an 8-page colorinsert in each volume

• 2-color interior design

• Sidebars, timelines, chronologies, maps, and boxedstatistical data for each country article

A partial list of articles by subject area: (Encyclopedia is A-Z)

ArtsArchitectureCinemaCraftsDanceLiteratureMasks and MasqueradeMusical InstrumentsMyths of AfricaPoetryRock Art

BiographiesSidi al-MukhtarGamal Abdel NasserSteven BikoSir Richard BurtonVasco da GamaF. W. De KlerkW. E. B. Du BoisKing FaroukAthol FugardMarcus GarveyNadine GordimerDavid LivingstoneNelson MandelaHosni MubarakAnwar SadatHaile Selassie IDesmond Tutu

CultureArabs in AfricaBantuBody Adornment and

ClothingChinese in AfricaEducationFamilyFood and DrinkHealth CareKinshipLiteracyMaasaiOral Culture and

Tradition

EconomicsBorrowing and LendingHunger and FamineIvory TradeLaborMiningMoney and CurrenciesPlantation Economies

and Societies

GeographyAlgeriaBotswanaCameroonColonial and

Postcolonial BoundariesEritreaFrontiers and Frontier

SocietiesKalahari DesertLesothoNigerSomaliaSouth Africa

GovernmentKings and KingshipLaws and Legal SystemsMilitary Governments

and ArmiesMuslim Political

OrganizationsNationalism in AfricaPostcolonial StatesQueens and Queen

MothersTribalism

HistoryAfrican DiasporaApartheidBoer WarDecolonizationNatal ColonyNorth AfricaSouth Africa

Peasantry and Land Settlement

SennarSlave StateWorld Wars I and II

PoliticsGenocide and ViolenceHuman RightsIndependence

MovementsLand OwnershipNationalism in AfricaNeocolonialism in

AfricaRole of Africa in Global

PoliticsUnited Nations in

Africa

ReligionEthiopian Orthodox

ChurchInitiation RitesIslam in AfricaMissions and

MissionariesSecret SocietiesSpirit PossessionSufismWitchcraft and Sorcery

ScienceDiseasesEnergy and Energy

ResourcesForests and ForestryHealing and MedicineHuman Origins

in AfricaLeakey FamilyMetals and MetallurgyAnd much more!

For a complete list of articles, visitwww.galegroup.com/scribners

Based on award-winning scholarship of the parent set: Encyclopedia of AfricaA Library Journal Best Reference Source and an ALA Outstanding Reference

“It is hard to overstate the importance of this encyclopedia.”—American Reference Books Annual, 1999

(On the parent set: Encyclopedia of Africa)

Save with prepublication offer:• $325.00/4-vol. set. Prepub price good until 12/31/01• $375.00 thereafter

Call 1-800-877-4253 (in the U.S. and Canada) or send an e-mail to international@galegroup.com (outside the U.S. and Canada)

Order FormQty. Order No. Title Price

__MML15100-173480 Africa: An Encyclopedia for StudentsPrepub price good until 12/31/01 $325.00Regular price thereafter $375.00

4 easy ways to order

1. MAIL this form to:Gale GroupP.O. Box 9187 Farmington Hills, MI 48333-9187USA

2. CALL toll-free in the U.S. andCanada: 1-800-877-4253

Bill to:Name_______________________________Gale Group Account #____________________

Institution _________________________________________________________________

Address______________________________________________________________

City/State/Province __________________________________________________________

ZIP/Postal Code/Country _____________________________________________________

Phone (_______)_______________________ Fax (_______) ________________________

E-mail ____________________________________________________________________

Ship to:Name_______________________________Gale Group Account #____________________

Institution _________________________________________________________________

Address ___________________________________________________________________

City/State/Province __________________________________________________________

ZIP/Postal Code/Country _____________________________________________________

Phone (_______)_______________________ Fax (_______) ________________________

E-mail ____________________________________________________________________

Method of Payment■■ Check or money order enclosed. The Gale Group pays postage and handling (in the U.S. and Canada).■■ Charge my credit card, plus postage and handling.

■■ Visa ■■ MasterCard ■■ American Express ■■ Discover

Card #_____________________________________________Exp. Date ______________

Signature_________________________________________________________________

■■ I have an established account, please bill me (plus postage and handling).

P.O.#____________________________________________________________________If using your own P.O., please indicate Gale Group Order #MML15100.

New customers: Please prepay by credit card or check.■■ I would like to establish an account with the Gale Group. Please send me a credit application.

Sales tax is applicable in Canada and all but the following states: AK, DE, MT, NH and OR. Prices do notinclude GST or local taxes. Prices are subject to change without notice. Special offers may not be combined withany other discount. GSA Contract #GS-14F-6092A.

3. FAX toll-free in the U.S. andCanada: 1-800-414-5043(outside the U.S. and Canada): +1-248-699-8035

4. Contact us ELECTRONICALLY:E-mail Orders: (in the U.S. andCanada): galeord@galegroup.comInternet: www.galegroup.com (outside the U.S. and Canada): international@galegroup.com Internet: www.galegroup.com/world

JJ/SM MML15100/08/01

CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS

MML15100/Africa/4clr.sm 9/5/01 11:41 AM Page 2

PRSRT STD

U.S. Postage

PAID

Gale Group

Order now and save $50.00!

Africa: An Encyclopedia for StudentsCHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS

PSBAEA91

P.O. Box 9187 • Farmington Hills, MI48333-9187 USA

CHA

SIGN UP FOR STANDING ORDER #S53 AND SAVE 5% ONFUTURE VOLUMES IN THE SERIES

About the Editor: John Middleton is professor of anthropology and religious studies emeritus at Yale University.

Find out about other illustrated student encyclopedias onwww.galegroup.com/scribners, such as:

• The Ancient Near East

• Latin America: History and Culture

• Ancient Greece and Rome

• The Middle Ages

• North America in Colonial Times.

Order before Dec. 31, 2001 and receive Africa: AnEncyclopedia for Students for the special price of $325.00!

MML15100/Africa/4clr.sm 9/5/01 11:39 AM Page 1

PRSRT STD

U.S. Postage

PAID

Gale Group

Order now and save $50.00!

Africa: An Encyclopedia for StudentsCHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS

PSBAEA91

P.O. Box 9187 • Farmington Hills, MI48333-9187 USA

CHA

SIGN UP FOR STANDING ORDER #S53 AND SAVE 5% ONFUTURE VOLUMES IN THE SERIES

About the Editor: John Middleton is professor of anthropology and religious studies emeritus at Yale University.

Find out about other illustrated student encyclopedias onwww.galegroup.com/scribners, such as:

• The Ancient Near East

• Latin America: History and Culture

• Ancient Greece and Rome

• The Middle Ages

• North America in Colonial Times.

Order before Dec. 31, 2001 and receive Africa: AnEncyclopedia for Students for the special price of $325.00!

MML15100/Africa/4clr.sm 9/5/01 11:39 AM Page 1