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And stuff
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` When everyou name...Well... Pretty much
ANYTHING in Chemistry, you always use the
following greek terms depending on the numberof
Carbon atoms.
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` If the compound contains only SINGLE bonds, it isconsidered an ALKANE.
` Wewould name an alkane by counting thenumberof carbon atoms in the compound, andusing it with the complimentary prefix foundpreviously.
` Wewould apply the same method in thenomenclature of Alkenes, for those compounds
with double bonds.` And the same again forthosewith triple bonds Alkynes.
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As you can see, weve
got THREE WHOLE
CARBONS. So well
take theprefix of Prop-
and because it only
cosists of single
bonds...Well mash an
-ane on theend...
PROPAN
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` Theexcitement doesnt stop...
With fourcarbons
in a chain, welltake a But- and
the double bond
between C1 and C2tells us that it must
be an ene.
BUTENE!
HARK!Because of theplacement of
the double bond, we must
include this in the name also!
BUT-1-ENE!
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` Although theyrerare, alkynes do exist! These
exciting compounds have TRIPLE BONDS.
Two carbons?!Its ETHYNE.
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` Alcohols arerathereasy to name, you just follow
the sameolprefix pattern... And instead of adding
-ane, -ene or-yne on theend... Just whack an
-ol on. Easy.` If the Hydroxide group isnt at theend of the chain,
you will beexpected to namewhere it is.
The OH is on Carbon 2 out
of 5...
Pentan-2-ol
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` It is of coursepossible formore than onehydroxyl
group to be added onto thehydrocarbon change.
` If there are TWO OH groups, this is called a diol.
` If there are THREE OH groups, this is a triol.
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` Aldehydes occurwhen there is a =O at theend of
a carbon chain.
` If you come across one of these count the
carbons, and and an -al onto thevery endinstead of -ane, -ene, -yne or-ol
Methanal
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` Ketones are almost a little bit like Aldehydes, just
not.
` Instead of the =O being at theend, you find it in
the middle of the chain! The suffix that goes withthe carbonylprefix is -one
5 Carbons...Pentone!
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` You see a COOH? Its a carboxylic acid!
` Once again, you gotta count the carbons
(REMEMBER: Include the carbon with the
functional group!)` Take that prefix yet again, and add onto it -anoic
Acid
Ethanoic Acid
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` Ethers occurwhen we find two functional groups
joined by an oxygen bridge
` In these situations, you name the shortest carbon
chain then add -oxy- then thelongercarbonchain.
Methoxyethane
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` -COO- is present, from where an alcohol and
carboxylic acid meet.
` You take the name from the Alcohol first, and add it to
the name of the acid.` Forexample:
` Butanol +Methanoic Acid ButylMethanoate
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` Where theres amines, theres a way! (Sorry.)
There are two ways you can name Amines, both being correct. You can either
statewhere about in the carbon chain they are, followed by Amino then the
main carbon chain its self. Or, state the carbonyl group and add the suffix -amine
We could call this
compound both
2-Aminobutane
OR
Butylamine
