A M A N D A H Y D E , U N I V E R S I T Y O F N E W H A M P S H I R E ( U N H )

A MULTIYEAR ASSESSMENT OF BIOLOGICAL PERTURBATIONS OF CO2 IN THE NORTHEAST

CHANNEL OF THE GULF OF MAINE

Co-authors: Douglas Vandemark (UNH), Shawn Shellito (UNH), Joseph Salisbury (UNH), James Irish (UNH), Michael DeGrandpre (University of Montana)

OUTLINE

• Motivation• Controls on CO2 and pCO2

• Northeast Channel – Unique Dataset• Buoy N Instrument Cluster• QC pCO2

• QC O2

• DIC Models• Summary

MOTIVATION

• Achieve a fuller understanding the air-sea fluxes of CO2 on the continental shelves (Previdi et al. 2009)

• Better observations of physical, chemical, and biological processes contributing to CO2 fluctuations in the coastal oceans (Fennel et al. 2008)

• Lacking high temporal and spatial resolution data on continental shelves (Previdi et al. 2009)

Vandemark et al. 2011 Journal of Geophysical Research 116

Fennel et al. 2008 Geophysical Research Letters 35; Previdi et al. 2009 Journal of Geophysical Research 114

CONTROLS ON CO2 AND PCO2

Controls can be:

• Physical• Biological• Chemical

(Álvarez et al. 2002 Deep-Sea Research II 49: 643-662; DeGrandpre et al. 1997 Limnology Oceanography 42: 21-28; Fennel et al. 2008 Geophysical Research Letters 114; Morel and Hering 1993)

Equations of the carbon system:• CO2(g) = CO2(aq)

• pCO2 = [CO2(aq)]/ KH

• CO2 + H2O = H2CO3* = HCO3

- + H+ = CO3

2- + 2H+

• TCO2 = DIC = H2CO3* + HCO3

- + CO32-

NORTHEAST CHANNEL, GULF OF MAINE

pCO2 Deployment Sites of the Gulf of Maine & Scotian Shelf

UNH/PMEL

Halifax

NE Channel

Provided by: Doug Vandermark

BUOY N INSTRUMENTS

UNH Instrument ClusterDepth: 3-5m.

SAMI-CO2 Sensor (Sunburst, LLC)

Oxygen Optode 3835 (Aanderraa Instruments)

Provided by: Shawn Shellito

UMO: gyre.umeoce.maine.edu

QUALITY CONTROL OF PCO2

• Data sent to Cory Beatty at University of Montana

• Smoothed all the calibration errors out of data

QUALITY CONTROL OF O2

TIME SERIES OF DIC(USING PCO2, SALINITY, AND MODELS)

CONTROLS ON DIC

Entrainment

Spring Bloom and Decay

Respiration

Production

SUMMARY

• Data look good overall • Inverse biofouling seen and rectified on O2 data• Physical and biological controls on DIC apparent• Future Goals

• Add 2010-2011 data• O2 and CO2 for biological DIC controls investigation

(Carrillo et al. 2004)• O2, temperature, salinity, and current data for water mass

CO2 controls

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

• Funding: • UNH/NASA Research and Discover Program• NFS Grant OCE-0851447

• Neil Pettigrew and the Physical Oceanography Group at the University of Maine, Orono

• Cory Beatty (University of Montana)• Helmuth Thomas and Elizabeth Shadwick

(Dalhousie University)