A Multi-objective Planning Framework for Analysing the Integration of Distributed Energy Resources

8/9/2019 A Multi-objective Planning Framework for Analysing the Integration of Distributed Energy Resources

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divida}q ta~lt uig`l hubj i hlp oP dbggld}lm }b }cl kbp*xbk}i`l gl}pbuo #KX jadub*

`lglui}abg! }b }lgt bh JP dbggld}lm }b }cl jlma|j*xbk}i`l gl}pbuo #JX kiu`l tdikl M@!

_9=Z Mat}uae|}lm `lglui}but t|vvkq kbdik kbimt igm iktb ag}luid} pa}c }cl pamlu tqt}lj Ag

imma}abg+ ag }cl mat}uae|}lm vbplu tqt}lj i g|jelu bh kiu`l `lglui}but uljiag dbggld}lm }b

}cl ca`c xbk}i`l gl}pbuo #CX!

Ag }cl viu}ad|kiu ditl bh }cl \ga}lm Oag`mbj #\O!+ }cl 5668 Lglu`q Ulxalp _98Z

uldb`gatlm }ci} ulglpiekl MLU db|km clkv }b ulm|dl diuebg ljattabgt igm }ci} a} db|km

agdulitl }cl tld|ua}q bh t|vvkq eq cixag` i jbul maxlutl `lglui}abg jas Dbgtly|lg}kq+ a}

vubvbtlm i tl} bh jlit|ult }b lgdb|ui`l }cl |tl bh kbp*diuebg igm mat}uae|}lm }ldcgbkb`alt+

t|dc it litalu iddltt }b ulglpiekl lglu`q agdlg}axlt hbu jadub*`lglui}but Jbul uldlg}kq+ }cl

5660 \O Lglu`q Pca}l Vivlu _95Z idogbpklm`lm }cl vb}lg}aik bh MLU }b dbg}uae|}l }b }cl

idcalxljlg} bh lgxaubgjlg}ik }iu`l}t igm lglu`q tld|ua}q dcikklg`lt igm vubvbtlm jlit|ult

}b hidaka}i}l M@ dbggld}abgt+ agdk|mag` jbul hklsaekl kadlgtag` iuuig`ljlg}t igm dkliulu

lsvbu}t ulpiumt hbu tjikklu `lglui}but It i ult|k}+ a} dig el lsvld}lm }ci} MLU+ igm

viu}ad|kiukq M@+ pakk vkiq ig ajvbu}ig} ubkl ag }cl h|}|ul \O lkld}uada}q tqt}lj _90Z


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4

9'9'9'9'MLU Ajvid}t igm Elglha}t

]cl |tl bh Mat}uae|}lm Lglu`q Ultb|udlt at vubvbtlm it bgl bh }cl vbttaekl tbk|}abg hbu

}bmiqt lglu`q dcikklg`lt Dbgtly|lg}kq+ }cl jiag }ldcgadik+ ldbgbjad igm lgxaubgjlg}ik

lhhld}t bh MLU cixl ellg ls}lgtaxlkq agxlt}a`i}lm ag uldlg} qliut Hbu agt}igdl+ }cl ebbo bh

Nlgoagt l} ik _9=Z+ v|ekatclm ag 5666+ vubxamlt ig ag*mlv}c matd|ttabg bh }cl att|lt ulki}lm

}b ljelmmlm `lglui}abg Tajakiukq+ }cl mbd}buik }cltlt bh Bdcbi _93Z igm ]cbg` _91Z+ eb}c

vultlg}lm ag 5668+ t}|mq ag ml}iak }cl }ldcgadik ajvid}t bh M@ bg }cl mat}uae|}abg gl}pbuo

Iktb+ tlxluik ultliudc vivlut ulxalp MLU ajvid}t igm elglha}t _9


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=

ùamt+ bu eq MLU }ci} iul ikkbplm }b bvlui}l ag atkigmlm jbml pcakl dbggld}lm }b uimaik

gl}pbuot Ag dbg}uit}+ MLU pa}c i xiuaiekl b|}v|}+ t|dc it pagm `lglui}but+ bu MLU

dbggld}lm }b uimaik gl}pbuot igm gb} ikkbplm }b pbuo ag atkigmlm jbml mb gb} agdulitl }cl

ulkaieaka}q bh }cl gl}pbuo _9=Z

Jigq bh }cltl }ldcgadik lhhld}t }uigtki}l }b ldbgbjad elglha}t hbu }cl Mat}uae|}abg Tqt}lj

Bvlui}bu #MTB! #l` ulm|d}abg bh kagl kbttlt+ agxlt}jlg} mlhluuik!+ bu hbu }cl d|t}bjlu #l`

agdulitlm ulkaieaka}q! ]cl ldbgbjad elglha}t hbu }cl MLU bpglu iuatl hubj lglu`q tiklt

Clgdl+ hbu i MLU mlxlkbvlu jisajatag` }cl ijb|g} bh lglu`q }uimlm+ pcakl ollvag` }cl

tqt}lj pa}cag }ldcgadik bvlui}abg kaja}t+ at viuijb|g}

Mat}uae|}abg gl}pbuot plul mlta`glm ml}lujagat}adikkq hbu |gamauld}abgik vbplu hkbpt+ hubj

ca`clu xbk}i`lt }b kbplu xbk}i`lt+ ui}clu }cig }b iddbjjbmi}l kiu`l vlgl}ui}abgt bh MLU It

i ult|k}+ pubg`kq kbdi}lm MLU+ MLU pcbtl vubm|d}abg at gb} dbagdamlg} pa}c mljigm bu

MLU pcbtl divida}q kiu`lkq lsdllmt }cl divida}q bh }cl gl}pbuo+ cit glì}axl lhhld}t+ t|dc

it ulxlutl vbplu hkbpt+ agduljlg} ag kagl kbttlt igm xbk}i`l uatl MLU kbdi}lm dkbtl }b hi|k}

vbag}t dbg}uae|}l }b }cl hi|k} d|uulg}t igm ja`c} uly|aul }cl ulvkidljlg} bh tpa}dc`liu

ly|avjlg} B}clu ajvid}t bh MLU agdk|ml }cl mlùimi}abg bh xbk}i`l y|ika}q+ eq agnld}ag`

vbplu lkld}ubgad ciujbgadt+ igm ig agdulitl ag gl}pbuo agt}ieaka}q+ eldi|tl bh }cl kbp aglu}ai

bh MLU _91Z

9'9'9'5']cl Gllm hbu ig Bv}ajik MLU Ag}lùi}abg

]cl mat}uae|}abg gl}pbuo j|t} el olv} pa}cag bvlui}abgik igm mlta`g kaja}t i} ikk }ajlt }b

vubxaml `bbm*y|ika}q lglu`q igm ixbam miji`l }b }cl ly|avjlg} #al xbk}i`l igm }clujik

dbgt}uiag}t+ hi|k} klxlk kaja}t! Clgdl+ }cl }ldcgadik ajvid}t bh MLU dig kaja} }cl agt}ikki}abg

bh MLU igm ult}uad} }cl ittbdai}lm ldbgbjad igm lgxaubgjlg}ik elglha}t Ag plio u|uik

gl}pbuot+ pclul kiu`l ijb|g}t bh ulglpiekl ultb|udlt iul kbdi}lm+ }cl xbk}i`l uatl at }cl

ajvid} kaja}ag` }cl ag}lùi}abg bh MLU _996Z Ag jltclm |ueig gl}pbuot+ pclul kiu`l

g|jelut bh jadub*DCV |ga}t db|km vb}lg}aikkq el agt}ikklm+ }clujik kaja}t igm hi|k} klxlkt iul

iktb dbgt}uiagag` hid}but _9=Z

]clul iul }pb jigi`ljlg} vcakbtbvcalt }b ollv }cl gl}pbuo pa}cag bvlui}abgik kaja}t igm }b

jagajatl }cl t}limq t}i}l ajvid}t bh MLU> ha}*igm*hbu`l} igm Id}axl Gl}pbuo

Jigi`ljlg} #IGJ! \gmlu i }uima}abgik ha}*igm*hbu`l} dbggld}abg vcakbtbvcq+ }cl ùam at


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i ulik tbk|}abg }b i gbg*vubeklj

Tajakiukq+ i ulikat}ad jbmlk bh MLU at pbu}ckltt pclg bv}ajatlm pa}c ig agidd|ui}l

bv}ajati}abg jl}cbm+ al i gbg*tbk|}abg }b i ulik vubeklj _953Z ]cat akk|t}ui}lt }cl

bv}ajati}abg"jbmlkkag` makljji hidlm ag }cl tbk|}abg bh ulik bv}ajati}abg vubekljt+ pcadc

at matd|ttlm h|u}clu ag }cl gls} dciv}lu

Ag bumlu }b `lglui}l |tlh|k ult|k}t+ }cl MLU vkiggag` vubeklj j|t} el tbkxlm eq ig

bv}ajati}abg jl}cbm iekl }b vubxaml ig bv}ajik bu gliu*bv}ajik tbk|}abg igm iekl }b lxik|i}l

i ulikat}ad jbmlk bh MLU I glp `ub|v bh j|k}a*benld}axl bv}ajati}abg }ldcgay|lt mlxlkbvlm

ag uldlg} qliut+ ogbpg it J|k}a*benld}axl Lxbk|}abgiuq Ik`bua}cjt #JBLI!+ vubxaml }cltl

}pb dbgma}abgt


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9'9'='J|k}a*benld}axl Lxbk|}abgiuq Ik`bua}cjt

I kiu`l g|jelu bh j|k}a*benld}axl bv}ajati}abg }ldcgay|lt cixl ellg mlxlkbvlm tagdl }cl

91


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99

Ha`|ul 9*4 JBLI V|ekadi}abgt vlu Qliu #\v }b Liukq 5660! #Tb|udl _9'4=Z!

Mltva}l }cl agdulitlm i}}lg}abg bg JBLI+ }cl vbplu tqt}ljt lg`aglluag` ultliudc

dbjj|ga}q bgkq uldlg}kq el`ig }b viq i}}lg}abg }b }cltl bv}ajati}abg }ldcgay|lt _954Z

Tvldahadikkq+ }cl ivvkadi}abg bh JBLI }b MLU vkiggag` vubekljt cit gb} ql} ellg pamlkq

t}|malm _94


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95

Ag bumlu }b vubxaml i |tlh|k igikqtat bh MLU ag}lùi}abg+ }cl vkiggag` huijlpbuo j|t} jiol

a} vbttaekl }b igtplu }cl hbkkbpag` y|lt}abgt>

Pci} iul }cl elt} dbgha`|ui}abgt hbu MLU ag i àxlg mat}uae|}abg gl}pbuo ag bumlu }b

idcalxl j|k}avkl benld}axlt2

Pci} iul }cl dbuulki}abgt el}pllg }cltl benld}axlt pclg MLU at ag}lùi}lm

bv}ajikkq ag i viu}ad|kiu gl}pbuo2

]cl hbkkbpag` jl}cbmbkbàdik t}lvt iul lttlg}aik }b idcalxl }cl jiag benld}axl bh }cat }cltat+

igm lxamlgdl bh }cat ivvubidc at vubxamlm }cub|`cb|} }cat }cltat>

@iag ig |gmlut}igmag` bh j|k}a*benld}axl bv}ajati}abg igm JBLI }b tlkld} ig

bv}ajik ik`bua}cj hbu }cl vkiggag` huijlpbuo

\gmlu}iol i dua}adik ulxalp bh }cl t}i}l bh }cl iu} bh }ldcgay|lt hbu MLU igm M@

vkiggag` igm bv}ajati}abg+ pa}c viu}ad|kiu ljvcitat bg j|k}a*benld}axl MLU

vkiggag` igm bv}ajati}abg

Lsvkbul ag ml}iak }cl dbjvklsa}q bh }cl MLU vkiggag` vubeklj igm ml}lujagl }cl

tvldahadi}abgt hbu i j|k}a*benld}axl vkiggag` huijlpbuo hbu MLU }ci} dbgtamlut

d|uulg} muaxlut bh MLU ag}lùi}abg

Mlxlkbv i hklsaekl igm jbm|kiu MLU vkiggag` huijlpbuo }ci} agdk|mlt }cl jbt}

ajvbu}ig} att|lt amlg}ahalm Iktb+ b|}kagl cbp }cl uljiagag` dcikklg`lt dig el

cigmklm

Hagikkq+ mljbgt}ui}l }cl ieaka}q bh }cl mlxlkbvlm huijlpbuo }b igtplu }cl y|lt}abgt

vubvbtlm eq ivvkqag` a} }b i tl} bh ulklxig} ditl t}|malt

]cat }cltat iajt }b vubxaml i vbpluh|k igikq}adik }bbk hbu MLU ag}lùi}abg A} at gb} ag}lgmlm

}b mlxlkbv i MLU vkiggag` }bbk }b hagm }cl tag`kl klit}*dbt} tbk|}abg hubj i viu}ad|kiu vbag}

bh xalp


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9'4'Dbg}uae|}abgt }b Ogbpklm`l

]cat }cltat vultlg}t i gbxlk j|k}a*benld}axl vkiggag` huijlpbuo }b igikqtl }cl bv}ajik

ag}lùi}abg bh t}bdcit}ad igm dbg}ubkkiekl MLU ]cat huijlpbuo agdk|mlt d|uulg} muaxlut bh

MLU ag}lùi}abg A} ag}lùi}lt i t}i}l*bh*}cl*iu} JBLI+ i t}bdcit}ad taj|ki}abg ik`bua}cj+ ig

ID vbplu hkbp ik`bua}cj igm ig bv}ajik vbplu hkbp ik`bua}cj ag}b i hklsaekl igikqtat

vki}hbuj ]cl vuagdavik dbg}uae|}abgt bh }cat }cltat iul matd|ttlm h|kkq ag Dciv}lu 0+ igm iul

t|jjiuatlm gls}>

9 A} vultlg}t i dbjvulclgtaxl ulxalp bh MLU vkiggag` }ldcgay|lt I tajakiu ulxalp bh }cl

ultliudc iuli cit gb} ellg v|ekatclm ]cat ulxalp amlg}ahalt }cl }ulgmt ag }cl ultliudc

iuli+ igm amlg}ahalt ìvt hbu h|}|ul ultliudc

5 A} vubxamlt i mllv lsijagi}abg bh }cl MLU vkiggag` vubeklj igm }cl tvldahadi}abg hbu i

hklsaekl j|k}a*benld}axl vkiggag` huijlpbuo hbu MLU ag}lùi}abg igikqtat ]cat

tvldahadi}abg matd|ttlt }cl }qvl bh }ldcgay|lt }ci} tcb|km el |tlm hbu }cl igikqtat bh

t}bdcit}ad igm dbg}ubkkiekl MLU

4 A} mltduaelt ag ml}iak }cl mlxlkbvjlg} bh ig igikq}adik }bbk hbu t}bdcit}ad igm dbg}ubkkiekl

MLU ]cl ml}iaklm mlxlkbvjlg} vubdltt igm }cl vuid}adik ml}iakt vubxamlm iul i

dbg}uae|}abg hbu h|}|ul ultliudclut }ci} ja`c} hidl tajakiu dcikklg`lt

= A} vubxamlt i dbjvulclgtaxl mltduav}abg bh }cl dbgdlv}t bh j|k}a*benld}axl lxbk|}abgiuq

ik`bua}cjt ivvkalm }b }cl MLU vubeklj+ igm dbg}uae|}lt }b }cl h|}|ul |tl bh }cltl

}ldcgay|lt ag MLU vkiggag`


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9=

Dciv}lu 5 cit hb|u jiag tld}abgt ]cl haut} tld}abg dbxlut eitad dbgdlv}t bh bv}ajati}abg+

igm ulxalpt }cl jbt} dbjjbg tag`kl*benld}axl bv}ajati}abg }ldcgay|lt |tlm ag vbplu

tqt}ljt ]cat tld}abg at gldlttiuq it a} vubxamlt imly|i}l eido`ub|gm hbu }cl ulxalp bh MLU

vkiggag` }ldcgay|l vultlg}lm ag Dciv}lu 4+ igm clkvt }b |gmlut}igm }cl imxig}i`lt bh |tag` i

JBLI hbu MLU vkiggag` ]cl tldbgm tld}abg bh Dciv}lu 5 mltduaelt }cl vuagdavklt bh

@lgl}ad Ik`bua}cjt #@I! ]cl eitad @I t}u|d}|ul dbgt}a}|}lt }cl eitl hbu JBLI Clgdl+

lidc t}lv bh @I bv}ajati}abg at matd|ttlm ag ml}iak ]cl }caum tld}abg bh }cat dciv}lu

ag}ubm|dlt }cl olq dbgdlv}t hbu j|k}a*benld}axl bv}ajati}abg+ igm mltduaelt }cl jiag }qvlt bh

}ldcgay|lt |tlm ag }cat iuli+ pa}c viu}ad|kiu ljvcitat bg j|k}a*benld}axl lxbk|}abgiuq

ik`bua}cjt Hagikkq+ }cl T}ulg`}c Viul}b Lxbk|}abgiuq Ik`bua}cj 5 #TVLI5!+ pcadc at |tlm ag

}cl vkiggag` huijlpbuo ajvkljlg}lm ag Dciv}lu


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9 a} vubm|dlt bgkq i tag`kl tbk|}abg i} lidc a}lui}abg+ a} uly|ault t|enld}axl

aghbuji}abg igm a}t t|ddltt mlvlgmt bg }cl tcivl igm }cl dbg}ag|a}q bh }cl Viul}b hubg}

_54Z+_5=Z+_5 }cl

T}ulg`}c Viul}b Lxbk|}abgiuq Ik`bua}cj 5 #TVLI5! Ig imly|i}l tqt}lj jbmlk igm i

hklsaekl igm jbm|kiu ivvubidc plul amlg}ahalm it uly|auljlg}t hbu }cl vkiggag` huijlpbuo+

it pakk el matd|ttlm ag Dciv}lu = TVLI5 vubxamlt i jbm|kiu igm hklsaekl j|k}a*benld}axl

ivvubidc }ci} ikkbpt }cl ag}luid}abg bh t}bdcit}ad igm dbg}ubkkiekl MLU }b el jbmlkklm+ it

lsvbtlm ag Dciv}lut = igm Aga}aikkq+ }cl `lgluad hbuj|ki}abg bh }cl bv}ajati}abg

vubeklj at ag}ubm|dlm igm olq dbgdlv}t matd|ttlm ]cl mahhlulg} }qvlt bh bv}ajati}abg

vubekljt igm }cl jiag `ub|vt bh tag`kl*benld}axl bv}ajati}abg }ldcgay|lt iul lg|jlui}lm

]cl pbuoag` vuagdavklt+ imxig}i`lt igm muipeidot bh @I iul lsijaglm ag ml}iak ]clg+ }cl

dbgdlv}t bh j|k}a*benld}axl bv}ajati}abg iul t}|malm igm }cl imxig}i`lt bh i j|k}a*benld}axl


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5=

hbuj|ki}abg iul matd|ttlm Hagikkq+ JBLI iul ag}ubm|dlm igm }cl TVLI5 jl}cbm at

mltduaelm ag ml}iak

5'5' Bv}ajati}abg> Olq Dbgdlv}t

5'5'9'Vubeklj Hbuj|ki}abg

Ig bv}ajati}abg vubeklj dig el `lgluadikkq lsvulttlm it>

_ Z# !9 5jag # ! jag # !+ # !++ # !

# ! 6 9+5# ! 6 9+5

jh h h

n vo y

:

: :

:n

o

H s s s s

s

` sc s

#5*9i!

#5*9e!

#5*9d!

#5*9m!

H#s! at i xld}bu bh j benld}axl h|gd}abgt ha#s! Hbu i tag`kl*benld}axl vubeklj j:9 Ag }cat

ditl+ ikk benld}axlt iul lsvulttlm it jagajati}abg I jisajati}abg benld}axl dig el

hbuj|ki}lm eq jagajatag` }cl gl`i}axl bh }cl benld}axl h|gd}abg> jag*ha#s! s at }clmldatabg

xld}bu }ci} agdk|mlt }cl tl} bh g mldatabg xiuaieklt _s9+s5+ s4+ +sgZ ]cl mldatabg mbjiag at

mlhaglm eq }cl vbttaekl xik|lt }ci} }cl mldatabg xiuaieklt dig }iol A} at iktb ogbpg it }cl

tliudc tvidl ]cl mldatabg xiuaieklt sa dig el dbg}ag|b|t+ matdul}l bu ag}l`lu ag gi}|ul I

viu}ad|kiu ditl bh ag}l`lu xiuaieklt iul eagiuq xiuaieklt+ pcadc bgkq }iol }pb xik|lt> 6 bu 9

]cl bv}ajati}abg vubeklj at eb|gmlm eq ly|ika}q igm agly|ika}q dbgt}uiag}t+ n igm co

ultvld}axlkq+ pcadc dig el kagliu bu gbgkagliu Hbu lsijvkl+ dbgt}uiag}t dig el tajvkl kaja}t

hbu }cl mldatabg xiuaieklt #l` |k sss !+ bu jbul dbjvkls h|gd}abgt }ci} mlvlgm bg

tlxluik mldatabg xiuaieklt #l` c#s! : 6!5#5

459 / sss ! Vubekljt pa}cb|} dbgt}uiag}t

iul ulhluulm }b it |gdbgt}uiaglm bv}ajati}abg vubekljt Benld}axl h|gd}abgt igm dbgt}uiag}t

iul di}l`buatlm mlvlgmag` bg }clau ji}clji}adik gi}|ul it kagliu+ y|imui}ad igm gbgkagliu

Y|imui}ad benld}axl h|gd}abgt iul }qvadikkq tlviui}lm hubj }cl gbgkagliu dkittahadi}abg

eldi|tl tvldaik }iakbulm tbk|}abg jl}cbmt dig el ivvkalm }b }cat }qvl bh vubekljt pclg }cl

dbgt}uiag}t iul kagliu+ it lsijaglm ki}lu ag }cat dciv}lu


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5 i h|gd}abg h#s! at dbgxls ag ig ag}luxik ah igm

H#s!


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50

bgkq ah a}t tldbgm mluaxi}axl at ikpiqt vbta}axl bu ~lub ag }cat ag}luxik Ha`|ul 5*5 akk|t}ui}lt

}cat dbgdlv}

Ha`|ul 5*5 Gbg*dbgxls igm Dbgxls H|gd}abgt

]cl mlhaga}abg bh dbgxlsa}q vluja}t }cl hbkkbpag` betluxi}abgt igm t}i}ljlg}t>

Matdbg}ag|b|t tl}t iul gbg*dbgxls eq mlhaga}abg #l` matdul}l xiuaieklt! ]clulhbul+

ag}l`lu bu jaslm ag}l`lu vubekljt cixl i gbg*dbgxls hlitaekl ul`abg _59Z

Dbgxls benld}axl h|gd}abgt cixl i tag`kl bv}ajik vbag} ]cat at }cl `kbeik bv}aji Ag

dbg}uit}+ gbg*dbgxls benld}axl h|gd}abgt cixl jbul }cig bgl bv}ajik vbag} ]cltl

iul kbdik bv}aji I gbg*dbgxls h|gd}abg cit iktb bgkq i tag`kl `kbeik bv}ajik vbag}

Igq gbgkagliu ly|ika}q dbgt}uiag} at gbg*dbgxls eq mlhaga}abg _59Z

Gbgkagliu benld}axl h|gd}abgt dig el la}clu dbgxls bu gbg*dbgxls+ it tllg ag Ha`|ul

5*5 Tb+ dbgxlsa}q at i jbul idd|ui}l jlit|ul bh }cl mahhad|k}q bh i vubeklj }cig

gbgkagliua}q

Bv}ajati}abg vubekljt mahhlu `uli}kq ag }clau klxlk bh mahhad|k}q mlvlgmag` bg> }cl gi}|ul bh}cl xiuaieklt #l` dbg}ag|b|t+ matdul}l+ ag}l`lu!+ }cl lsat}lgdl bh dbgt}uiag}t #dbgt}uiaglm+

|gdbgt}uiaglm!+ }cl tcivl"gi}|ul bh }cl benld}axlt igm dbgt}uiag}t h|gd}abgt #l` kagliu+

gbgkagliu!+ }cl g|jelu bh benld}axlt #tag`kl*benld}axl+ j|k}a*benld}axl! igm }cl dbgxlsa}q bh

}cl vubeklj _55Z ]clul at gb tag`kl jl}cbm }ci} dig tbkxl }clj ikk lhhadalg}kq

I dbjvulclgtaxl ulxalp bh ikk bv}ajati}abg jl}cbmt bu ig lsci|t}axl lsvkigi}abg bh }cl

jl}cbmt at gb} ag }cl tdbvl bh }cat dciv}lu ]clulhbul+ }cl gls} tld}abg vultlg}t i eualh


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53

mltduav}abg bh tag`kl*benld}axl ji}clji}adik igm cl|uat}ad bv}ajati}abg jl}cbmt dbjjbgkq

|tlm ag vbplu tqt}ljt ]cat mltduav}abg at ag}lgmlm }b vubxaml ig imly|i}l eidoùb|gm hbu

}cl ulxalp bh MLU vkiggag` }ldcgay|lt jiml ag }cl gls} dciv}lu+ igm }b t|vvbu} }cl dcbadl

bh i JBLI ivvubidc hbu MLU vkiggag`

5'4'Tag`kl*benld}axl Bv}ajati}abg

Tag`kl*benld}axl bv}ajati}abg jl}cbmt iul |t|ikkq dkittahalm it ji}clji}adik jl}cbmt igm

cl|uat}ad jl}cbmt _50Z ]cltl }pb ùb|vt cixl dbjvkl}lkq mahhlulg} }clbul}adik eitlt igm

dbg}uit}ag` elglha}t igm muipeidot Ji}clji}adik jl}cbmt iul mlta`glm }b tbkxl tvldahad

}qvlt bh vubekljt Tb+ pclg ivvkalm }b }cl ua`c} vubeklj+ i ji}clji}adik jl}cbm dig

vubxaml ig idd|ui}l bv}ajik tbk|}abg ag i ulki}axlkq tcbu} vluabm Kagliu igm dbgxls vubekljt

dig el tbkxlm eq ig ivvubvuai}l jl}cbm lxlg pclg }cb|tigmt bh xiuaieklt iul agxbkxlm

H|u}clujbul+ ji}clji}adik jl}cbmt iul iekl }b vubxaml vubbht hbu }cl bv}ajika}q bh }cl

tbk|}abg ag }cltl ditlt ]iekl 5*5 vultlg}t }cl jiag ùb|vt bh ji}clji}adik bv}ajati}abg

jl}cbmt ]cltl iul dkittahalm iddbumag` }b }cl gi}|ul bh }cl xiuaieklt+ benld}axlt igm

dbgt}uiag}t

]iekl 5*5 Ji}clji}adik Bv}ajati}abg ]ldcgay|lt

Bv}ajati}abg ]ldcgay|lt Xiuaieklt Benld}axlt Dbgt}uiag}t

Igikq}adik jl}cbmt#dikd|k|t!

Dbg}ag|b|t #Ulik! Dbg}ag|b|t igmmahhlulg}aiekl }padl

Dbg}ag|b|t igmmahhlulg}aiekl }padl

Kagliu Vubùijjag` Dbg}ag|b|t #Ulik! Kagliu Kagliu

Y|imui}ad Vubùijjag` Dbg}ag|b|t #Ulik! Y|imui}ad Kagliu

Gbgkagliu Vubùijjag` Dbg}ag|b|t Kagliu"Gbgkagliu Gbgkagliu

Ag}l`lu Vubùijjag` Ag}l`lu Kagliu"Gbgkagliu Kagliu"Gbgkagliu

Jaslm Ag}l`lu

Vubùijjag`

Matdul}l+

Dbg}ag|b|t

Kagliu"Gbgkagliu Kagliu"Gbgkagliu

^lub*bgl vubùijjag` Eagiuq ag}l`lu Kagliu"Gbgkagliu Kagliu"Gbgkagliu

Mqgijad Vubùijjag` Matdul}l Igq+ e|} a} tcb|km el

iekl }b tvka} ag}b t|e*

vubekljt

Ajvkada} #gbg*hlitaekl

tbk|}abgt iul gb}

dbgtamlulm!

Gbg*dbgxls #gbgkagliu+ matdul}l igm dbjeagi}buaik! vubekljt vultlg} i ùli} klxlk bh

mahhad|k}q hbu ji}clji}adik jl}cbmt+ lxlg pa}c tjikk g|jelut bh xiuaieklt _55Z

Ji}clji}adik jl}cbmt iul eitlm bg i kbdik tliudc ivvubidc _53Z Tb+ lxlg ah i ji}clji}adik

ivvubidc hagmt ig bv}ajik tbk|}abg hbu i gbg*dbgxls vubeklj+ }clul at gb `|iuig}ll }ci} }cat

tbk|}abg at }cl `kbeik bv}aji Ag }cat ditl+ i dbjvubjatl at gllmlm+ la}clu ag }lujt bh hagmag`


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i t|ebv}ajik #kbdik! tbk|}abg+ bu ag }lujt bh i ca`c dbjv|}i}abg }ajl }b ml}lujagl }cl }u|l

`kbeik bv}aji _55Z

]iekl 5*4 Cl|uat}ad Bv}ajati}abg Jl}cbmt #Tb|udl _5'3Z!

Cl|uat}ad Jl}cbmt Gi}|uik Vuagdavkl

Lxbk|}abgiuq

Ik`bua}cjt

@lgl}adt igm Lxbk|}abg

Taj|ki}lm Igglikag` ]clujbmqgijadt bh jl}ik dbbkag`

]ie| Tliudc C|jig jljbuq

Ig} dbkbgq tliudc Ig}t elcixab|u }b tbkxl vubekljt

Gl|uik gl}pbuot Euiag h|gd}abgt

H|~~q Vubùijjag` C|jig kag`|at}ad di}l`buati}abg

Eid}luaik Hbuiàg` Eidluai elcixab|u }b kbbo hbu hbbm

Ag dbg}uit}+ cl|uat}ad bv}ajati}abg }ldcgay|lt iul xluq `bbm i} tbkxag` }cl }qvl bh vubekljt

mahhad|k} hbu }uima}abgik jl}cbmt+ t|dc it dbjeagi}buaik+ gbgkagliu igm gbg*dbgxls vubekljt

Jbt} cl|uat}ad jl}cbmt iul eitlm bg vuagdavklt }iolg hubj gi}|ul #]iekl 5*4! igm }clq iul

tbjl}ajlt ulhluulm it cl|uat}ad tliudc jl}cbmt ]clq dbgm|d} i `kbeik tliudc igm

|t|ikkq hagm i `bbm ivvubsaji}abg bh }cl `kbeik bv}aji ag i kaja}lm vluabm bh }ajl _53Z

Cbplxlu+ }cltl jl}cbmt mb gb} `|iuig}ll matdbxluq bh }cl ietbk|}l `kbeik bv}aji Tbjl

cl|uat}ad jl}cbmt #l` Lxbk|}abgiuq Ik`bua}cjt! pbuo pa}c i ùb|v bh tbk|}abgt

taj|k}iglb|tkq+ agt}lim bh }cl vbag}*eq*vbag} kbdik tliudc bh ji}clji}adik ivvubidclt ]cat

jiolt }clj viu}ad|kiukq ube|t} hbu gbatq benld}axl lxik|i}abgt _51Z igm amlik }b tbkxl

j|k}a*benld}axl vubekljt ag ig lhhld}axl piq Gbatq benld}axl lxik|i}abgt iul matd|ttlm

h|u}clu bg i ki}lu dciv}lu

5'4'9'Ji}clji}adik Bv}ajati}abg Jl}cbmt

5'4'9'9'Igikq}adik Jl}cbmt

Igikq}adik jl}cbmt iul eitlm bg }cl vuagdavklt bh dikd|k|t Ls}uljl vbag}t

#jisaj|j"jagaj|j! bh i h|gd}abgh#s! dig el hb|gm eq tl}}ag` }cl mluaxi}axl bh }cl h|gd}abg

}b ~lub>

6:

s

h

#5*=!


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Jbulbxlu+ a} at vbttaekl }b ml}lujagl pcl}clu ig ls}uljl vbag} at i jisaj|j bu jagaj|j

eq |tag` }cl tldbgm mluaxi}axl Jagaj|j vbag}t bdd|u pclg }cl tldbgm mluaxi}axl at `uli}lu

}cig ~lub+ pcakl jisaj|j vbag} bdd|ut pclg }cl tldbgm mluaxi}axl at gl`i}axl Ah }cl tldbgm

mluaxi}axl at ly|ik }b ~lub+ a} at ig aghkld}abg vbag}

jis5

5

jag5

5

6

6

ss

h

ss

h

;

7

#5*

# + ! # ! # !K s h s ` s : #5*0!

Gbg*ly|ika}q dbgt}uiag}t c#s! dig el agdk|mlm eq |tag` }cl Oiu|tc*O|cg*]|dolu #OO]!

dbgma}abgt _59Z

Igikq}adik jl}cbmt uly|aul dbg}ag|b|t benld}axl h|gd}abgt }ci} dig el mahhlulg}ai}lm }padl

Jbulbxlu+ pclg i kiu`l g|jelu bh xiuaieklt at agxbkxlm ultbkxag` }cl tqt}lj bh ly|i}abgt eq


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ml}lujagag` }cl ùimalg} eldbjlt dbjvkls+ ltvldaikkq pclg ly|i}abgt iul gbg*dbgxls Jbt}

gbgkagliu bv}ajati}abg jl}cbmt iul eitlm bg }cltl vuagdavklt _596Z+ igm }clq |tl ùimalg}

aghbuji}abg }b `|aml }cl kbdik tliudc+ haut} igm tldbgm mluaxi}axlt it vubbh bh bv}ajika}q igm

Kiùig`l j|k}avkalut }b agdk|ml dbgt}uiag}t

5'4'9'5'Kagliu Vubùijjag`

Kagliu vubùijjag` vubekljt iul dbgxls bv}ajati}abg vubekljt pa}c i kagliu benld}axl

h|gd}abg+ kagliu dbgt}uiag}t igm dbg}ag|b|t mldatabgt xiuaieklt Vbpluh|k bv}ajati}abg

jl}cbmt iul ixiakiekl }b tbkxl }cat }qvl bh vubeklj _59Z ]cltl jl}cbmt iul eitlm la}clu bg

}cl Tajvkls jl}cbm+ bu bg tbjl tbu} bh ag}luabu*vbag} ivvubidc Ig lsijvkl bh i kagliu

vubeklj pua}}lg ag T}igmium hbuj at>

jag # !6 9+5

6 9+5

n v

o y

:

: / : :

: / :

n

o

h s is / e` #s! ds m

c #s! us t

s

i+e+d+m+u+t

#5*3i!#5*3e!

#5*3d!

#5*3m!

#5*3l!

Pclul s at }cl xld}bu bh mldatabg xiuaieklt+ h#s! at }cl benld}axl h|gd}abg+ `#s! igm c#s! }cl

ly|ika}q igm agly|ika}q dbgt}uiag}t+ ultvld}axlkq+ igm i+ e+ d+ m+ u igm t iul }cl xld}but bh ulik

g|jelut }ci} mlhagl }cl kagliu ulki}abgtcavt bh }cl vubeklj

]cl Tajvkls jl}cbm at eitlm bg }cl ogbpklm`l }ci} }cl bv}ajik vbag} at ikpiqt hb|gm i} i

dbuglu vbag} #bu xlu}ls! bh }cl dbgt}uiag} tl} _59Z Tb+ }cl Tajvkls jl}cbm dbgtat}t bh }cl

a}lui}axl ultbk|}abg bh tl}t bh kagliu ly|i}abgt+ mlhaglm eq dbgt}uiag}t ly|i}abgt igm }cl

benld}axl h|gd}abg #Ha`|ul 5*4! ]cl Tajvkls jl}cbm at dbjv|}i}abgikkq lhhadalg}+ igm dig

tbkxl bv}ajati}abg vubekljt pa}c kiu`l g|jelut bh xiuaieklt

]cl Tajvkls jl}cbm `|iuig}llt ig bv}ajik tbk|}abg Cbplxlu+ ag }cl }clbul}adik pbut}*ditl

tdlgiuab+ }cl g|jelu bh a}lui}abgt bh }cl Tajvkls jl}cbm dig ùbp lsvbglg}aikkq pa}c }cl

ta~l bh }cl vubeklj _59Z Dbgtly|lg}kq+ ag}luabu vbag} jl}cbmt cixl ellg vubvbtlm ]cltl

jl}cbmt |t|ikkq vubxaml hit}lu dbjv|}i}abg eq a}lui}axlkq dbjv|}ag` tbk|}abgt ag }cl ag}luabu

bh }cl hlitaekl ulàbg igm jbxag` }bpiumt }cl bv}ajik vbag}+ it akk|t}ui}lm ag Ha`|ul 5*4


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Ha`|ul 5*4 Tajvkls igm Ag}luabu*vbag} Jl}cbm #Jisajati}abg Vubeklj!

Kagliu vubùijjag` jl}cbmt dig iktb el |tlm }b tbkxl vubekljt pa}c y|imui}ad benld}axl

h|gd}abgt _59Z+ eldi|tl y|imui}ad h|gd}abgt iul dbgxls Cbplxlu+ }cl dbgt}uiag}t j|t} el

kagliu ]cltl vubekljt iul |t|ikkq dikklm y|imui}ad vubùijjag`+ igm hbkkbp i tajakiu

tbk|}abg vcakbtbvcq Ag }cat ditl+ }cl tbk|}abg at gb} `|iuig}llm }b el ag i xlu}ls+ igm dig el

kbdi}lm ag }cl ag}luabu bh }cl hlitaekl ulàbg _599Z

M|ika}q ]clbuq

]cl hbuj|ki}abg bh }cl vubeklj vultlg}lm ag ly|i}abgt #5*9! at ogbpg it }cl vuajik vubeklj

]cl dbgdlv} bh m|ika}q t}i}lt }ci} }ci} lxluq vuajik vubeklj hbuj|ki}abg cit ig ittbdai}lm

hbuj|ki}abg ogbpg it }cl m|ik vubeklj _599Z Hbu lsijvkl+ ah }cl vuajik vubeklj at>

jag # !

6

h

t }

:

s ds

Is e

s

#5*1i!

#5*1e!

#5*1d!

]cl m|ik vubeklj at lsvulttlm it>

jis # !

6

`

t }

:

q eq

Iq d

q

#5*96i!

#5*96e!

#5*96d!


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]cl m|ika}q }clbulj t}i}lt }ci} }cl tbk|}abg }b }cl vuajik vubeklj vubxamlt }cl tbk|}abg }b }cl

m|ik vubeklj+ igm xadl*xluti _599Z Eb}c hbuj|ki}abgt ulvultlg} lttlg}aikkq }cl tijl

vubeklj ]cb|`c+ tbjl}ajlt a} at litalu }b tbkxl }cl m|ik vubeklj+ hbu lsijvkl+ pclg }cl

vubeklj cit i kiu`l g|jelu bh dbgt}uiag}t igm hlp benld}axlt _599Z I kiu`l viu} bh

bv}ajati}abg }clbuq at mlxb}lm }b }cl t}|mq bh m|ika}q Cbplxlu+ i ulxalp bh m|ika}q }clbuq at

elqbgm }cl tdbvl bh }cat dciv}lu Ls}lgmlm lsvkigi}abgt dig el hb|gm ag _55Z igm _599Z

5'4'9'4'Gbgkagliu Vubùijjag`

Gbgkagliu vubùijjag` agxbkxlt vubekljt pa}c gbgkagliu benld}axlt igm"bu gbgkagliu

dbgt}uiag} h|gd}abgt Tbjl i|}cbut dbgtamlu gbgkagliu vubekljt bgkq it }cbtl gb} ogbpg

}b el dbgxls _55Z Dbgxls gbgkagliu vubekljt cixl i tag`kl hlitaekl ulàbg+ eb|gmlm eqdbgt}uiag}t+ igm cixl i tag`kl bv}ajik tbk|}abg+ it akk|t}ui}lm ag Ha`|ul 5*5 Tagdl }cl bv}ajik

tbk|}abg hbu i dbgxls vubeklj at kbdi}lm ag }cl dbgxls hlitaekl tvidl+ a} dig el a}lui}axlkq

ivvubsaji}lm hubj ig aga}aik vbag} Clgdl+ dbgxls gbgkagliu vubekljt dig el lhhadalg}kq

tbkxlm eq ag}luabu*vbag} bu igikq}adik jl}cbmt pcbtl pbuoag` vuagdavklt plul lsvkiaglm ag

}cl vulxab|t tld}abgt

Ag dbg}uit}+ gbgkagliu gbg*dbgxls vubekljt cixl tlxluik kbdik bv}aji ]cat jiolt }cltl

vubekljt ls}uljlkq mahhad|k} }b tbkxl+ eldi|tl }cl tliudc dig el litakq jat`|amlm }b pubg`

ulàbgt bh }cl tliudc tvidl+ al kbdik bv}aji+ igm eldbjl }uivvlm }clul Jbulbxlu+ ag gbg*

dbgxls vubekljt }cl mldatabg igm benld}axl tvidl iul gb} gldlttiuakq dbg}ag|b|t bu eb|gmlm

ag }cl tijl ulàbg Gbgkagliu #gbg*dbgxls! vubekljt iul |t|ikkq tbkxlm eq a}lui}axl

jl}cbmt Ig aga}aik tbk|}abg at lt}aji}lm+ igm }clg }cl ik`bua}cj a}lui}axlkq ivvubsaji}lt }b

}cl #kbdik! bv}aji tbk|}abg ]cat cakk dkajeag` #bu mltdlgmag`! vubdltt uly|ault mluaxi}axl

bu ùimalg} aghbuji}abg }b dcbbtl }cl mauld}abg bh itdlg}"mltdlg}+ igm i dbgxlu`lgdl dua}luabg

}b uldb`gatl pclg ig bv}ajik vbag} cit ellg hb|gm ]cat vubdltt cit a}t eitat ag }cl

igikq}adik ultbk|}abg+ lsvkiaglm ag tld}abg 5499 It ag igikq}adik jl}cbmt+ dbgt}uiag}t digeq mlik} pa}c eq |tag` Kiùig`l j|k}avkalut Ag }cl ditlt pclul h|gd}abg mluaxi}axlt bu

ùimalg} aghbuji}abg at gb} ixiakiekl+ }cl h|gd}abg ùimalg} at ivvubsaji}lm hubj vulxab|tkq

dbjv|}lm a}lui}abgt B}clu vbv|kiu gbgkagliu vubùijjag` jl}cbmt ivvubsaji}l }cl

gbgkagliu vubeklj }b i y|imui}ad vubeklj+ igm ivvkq i Y|imui}ad Vubùijjag` ik`bua}cj

tly|lg}aikkq #al tly|lg}aik y|imui}ad vubùijjag` _59Z!


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Ha`|ul 5*= Gbgkagliu Bv}ajati}abg Vubeklj # jag # ! dbt#96 ! tag#< !s

h s s s l

: !

]cl cakk dkajeag` vubdltt `|iuig}llt }cl matdbxluq bh i kbdik bv}ajik tbk|}abg Cbplxlu+

ag igq gbg*dbgxls vubeklj }clul at gb dlu}iag}q }ci} i kbdik bv}ajik tbk|}abg at }cl `kbeik

bv}aji It i ult|k}+ }cl tliudc j|t} el ulvli}lm hubj xiualm t}iu}ag` vbag}t }b hagm }cl `kbeik

bv}ajik+ it akk|t}ui}lm ag Ha`|ul 5*= ]cat vubdlm|ul dig el ls}uljlkq }ajl*dbgt|jag` pclg

}cl tcivl bh }cl benld}axl h|gd}abg at ag}uadi}l bu |gogbpg Ag ls}uljlkq mahhad|k} vubekljt+

}cl `kbeik bv}aji diggb} el hb|gm ag i kaja}lm }ajl Clgdl+ }b tbkxl i gbgkagliu gbg*dbgxls

vubeklj uly|ault tbjl mlùll bh dbjvubjatl> idd|uidq at tiduahadlm ag hixb|u bh dbjv|}ag`

}ajl+ bu xadl xluti Cl|uat}ad }ldcgay|lt+ t|dc it @lgl}ad Ik`bua}cjt+ iul viu}ad|kiukq

lhhld}axl ag tbkxag` }cltl }qvlt bh dbjeagi}buaik gbgkagliu vubekljt ]cat pakk el lxamlg}

hubj }cl ml}iaklm lsvkigi}abg bh @I vubxamlm ki}lu ag }cat dciv}lu

5'4'9'='Ag}l`lu igm Jaslm*ag}l`lu Vubùijjag`

Ag}l`lu igm Jaslm*ag}l`lu Kagliu Vubùijjag`

Ag}l`lu vubùijjag` vubekljt bdd|u pclg }cl mldatabg xiuaieklt dig bgkq }iol ag}l`lu

xik|lt Hbu lsijvkl+ pclg }cl tbk|}abg tb|`c} at jiml |v bh i dbjeagi}abg bh agxlt}jlg}

ik}lugi}axlt #l` ag pcadc kbdi}abgt tcb|km MLU el agt}ikklm2! bu pclg huid}abgik |ga}t iul

gb} ig bv}abg #l` cbp jigq MLU tcb|km el agt}ikklm2! Pclg tbjl bh }cl xiuaieklt iul


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jl}cbmt _59Z

Ha`|ul 5*< Euigdc igm Eb|gm Jl}cbm #Imiv}lm hubj _5'9Z!

Euigdc igm eb|gm jl}cbmt t}iu} pa}c i ulkislm xlutabg bh }cl ag}l`lu vubeklj Ikk xiuaieklt

iul itt|jlm it dbg}ag|b|t igm i kagliu vub`uijjl at tbkxlm Ag imma}abg+ i }uaik tbk|}abg hbu

}cl vubeklj bh ag}lult} at `lglui}lm+ itt|jag` ag}l`lu xik|lt hbu }cl mldatabg xiuaieklt ag }cat

ditl ]cl aga}aik }uaik at olv} it }cl elt} tbk|}abg tb hiu? }c|t+ a} at dikklm }cl agd|jelg}

tbk|}abg Gls}+ i xiuaiekl #hbu lsijvkl s5 ag Ha`|ul 5*

xik|lt ]cl vubeklj at tbkxlm i`iag hbu lidc ditl Ah igq tbk|}abg vluhbujt pbutl }cig }cl

agd|jelg} tbk|}abg+ }cat euigdc at dkbtlm bhh Hbu lsijvkl+ ag Ha`|ul 5*


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lsci|t}axl tliudc at jiml+ it }cl eb|gmag` t}lv vulxlg}t }cl ik`bua}cj bh igikqtag`

tbk|}abgt }ci} iul ogbpg }b el t|ebv}ajik

D|}}ag` vkigl jl}cbmt iul eitlm bg i tajakiu ivvubidc _59Z ]cl vubeklj at tbkxlm

a}lui}axlkq it i dbg}ag|b|t kagliu vubùijjag` vubeklj Ag }cat ditl+ kagliu dbgt}uiag}t }ci}

d|} }cl vkigl bh }cl mldatabg xiuaieklt iul agdk|mlm ag }cl bv}ajati}abg i} lxluq a}lui}abg

]cltl dbgt}uiag}t vluja} }cl elt} ag}l`lu tbk|}abg }b el hb|gm+ eq matulìumag` |ghlitaekl

gbg*ag}l`lu tbk|}abgt

Ag}l`lu igm Jaslm*ag}l`lu Gbgkagliu Vubùijjag`

Gbgkagliu jaslm*ag}l`lu vubekljt dbjeagl }cl mahhad|k}alt bh tbkxag` dbjeagi}buaik

vubekljt pa}c }cl dbjvklsa}q bh gbgkagliu #igm gbg*dbgxls! benld}axlt igm dbgt}uiag}t

\t|ikkq ig i}}ljv} at jiml }b kagliua~l }cl vubeklj benld}axlt igm dbgt}uiag}t ag }cl haut}

agt}igdl+ it vbpluh|k kagliu vubùijjag` jl}cbmt iul ixiakiekl Cbplxlu pclg }cat at gb}

vbttaekl+ }cl tbk|}abg vcakbtbvcalt |tlm }b tbkxl }cltl }qvlt bh vubekljt iul tajakiu }b }cbtl

bh }clau kagliu db|g}luviu}t Gijlkq+ euigdc igm eb|gm igm d|}}ag`*vkigl jl}cbmt iul |tlm

Gbgl}clkltt+ lidc a}lui}abg at jiml jbul mahhad|k} eq }cl gllm }b tbkxl i gbgkagliu vubeklj

Igb}clu ivvubidc dbjjbgkq |tlm }b tbkxl gbgkagliu jaslm ag}l`lu vubekljt at Elgmlut

mldbjvbta}abg Ag }cat }ldcgay|l+ }cl vubeklj at maxamlm ag}b i jit}lu #ag}l`lu bu jaslm

ag}l`lu! igm tkixl vubeklj #gbgkagliu vubùijjag`! pcadc iul tbkxlm agmlvlgmlg}kq _595Z

Aga}aikkq+ }cl xiuaieklt bh }cl tkixl vubeklj#t! iul haslm }b tbkxl }cl jit}lu vubeklj Bgdl i

tbk|}abg at hb|gm hbu }cl jit}lu vubeklj+ }cl bv}ajik tbk|}abg hbu }cl tkixl vubeklj#t! at

|vmi}lm ]cl vubdltt at ulvli}lm a}lui}axlkq+ |g}ak ig bv}ajik tbk|}abg at ulidclm Ig lsijvkl

bh }cat ivvubidc ag vbplu tqt}ljt dig el hb|gm ag }cl taj|k}iglb|t bv}ajati}abg bh

mat}uae|}abg gl}pbuo agxlt}jlg}t #jit}lu vubeklj+ ag}l`lu vubùijjag`! igm bvlui}abg

#tkixl vubeklj+ gbgkagliu vubùijjag`! _594Z

5'4'9'


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40

I mqgijad vubùijjag` vubeklj agxbkxlt i tly|lgdl bh t}i`lt I} lidc t}i`l bgl bh }cl

bv}ajati}abg t|e*vubekljt at tbkxlm+ dbgtamluag` }cl bv}ajati}abg cat}buq #al }cl t}i`lt

vulxab|tkq xata}lm! ]cat viu}ad|kiu hli}|ul vulxlg}t }cl jl}cbm hubj lxik|i}ag` ikk vbttaekl

bv}abgt ]cl bv}ajik tbk|}abg dbuultvbgmt }b }cl bv}ajik vi}c duli}lm eq ml}lujagag` }cl

bv}ajik t|e*vbkadalt ]cltl dciuid}luat}adt jiol mqgijad vubùijjag` y|a}l i}}uid}axl hbu

tbkxag` vubekljt }ci} agxbkxl tly|lg}aik mldatabgt+ hbu lsijvkl> }cl gl}pbuo mlxlkbvjlg}

vubdltt _50Z+ bu `lglui}abg matvi}dc _59Z Cbplxlu+ }cat }ldcgay|l t|hhlut hubj }cl d|utl bh

majlgtabgika}q+ }ci} at+ }cl dbjv|}i}abgik dbjvklsa}q bh }cl vubeklj ùbpt lsvbglg}aikkq

pa}c }cl ta~l bh }cl vubeklj ]clulhbul+ a}t mauld} ivvkadieaka}q }b kiu`l vubekljt at kaja}lm

_59Z

5'4'5'Cl|uat}ad Bv}ajati}abg Jl}cbmt

5'4'5'9'Lxbk|}abgiuq Ik`bua}cjt

Lxbk|}abgiuq Ik`bua}cjt iul `kbeik tliudc jl}cbmt eitlm bg }cl vuagdavklt bh lxbk|}abgiuq

}clbuq ]clul iul }cull jiag ùb|vt bh Lxbk|}abgiuq Ik`bua}cjt> @lgl}ad Ik`bua}cjt #@I!+

Lxbk|}abgiuq T}ui}làlt #LT! igm Lxbk|}abgiuq Vubùijjag` #LV! ]cltl plul mlxlkbvlm

agmlvlgmlg}kq+ e|} tciul dbjjbg dciuid}luat}adt ]cltl ik`bua}cjt iul eitlm bg t}bdcit}ad

tliudc |tag` ùb|vt bh vb}lg}aik tbk|}abgt ]cl elt} vluhbujag` tbk|}abgt iul a}lui}axlkqdcbtlg igm dbjeaglm #@I! bu jbmahalm #LV+ LT! }b hagm el}}lu tbk|}abgt+ |g}ak i t}bvvag`

dua}luabg at jl} Ig lsijvkl bh ig LI eitlm bv}ajati}abg at akk|t}ui}lm ag Ha`|ul 5*8

@It eitl }clau tliudc bg }cl dbjeagi}abg bh `bbm tbk|}abgt+ eq jligt bh i dubttbxlu

bvlui}bu Ag imma}abg+ i uigmbj tliudc bvlui}bu #j|}i}abg! pa}c kbp vubeieaka}q bh

bdd|uulgdl at |tlm }b lsvigm }cl tliudc @I v|} ig ljvcitat bg }cl `lgl}adt bh lidc

tbk|}abg? tb+ }cl @I }clbuq itt|jlt }ci} lsdcigàg` `lglt el}pllg `bbm tbk|}abgt pakk

lxlg}|ikkq duli}l el}}lu tbk|}abgt Ag dbg}uit}+ LT igm LV eitl }cl tliudc bg dcigàg` `bbm

tbk|}abgt eq jligt bh }cl j|}i}abg bvlui}bu Ag }cat ditl+ }cl itls|ik lxbk|}abg vubdltt eq

j|}i}abg at jajadolm


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43

Ha`|ul 5*8 Lxbk|}abgiuq Ik`bua}cj Lsijvkl # jag # ! dbt#96 ! tag#< !sh s s s l: !

@lgl}ad Ik`bua}cjt iul }cl jbt} vbv|kiukq |tlm Lxbk|}abgiuq Ik`bua}cj _59=Z+ igm }cltl

}lujt iul tbjl}ajlt |tlm ag}ludcig`liekq Jbt} bh }cl ivvkadi}abgt bh cl|uat}ad jl}cbmt }b

vbplu tqt}ljt iul eitlm bg @I ]cl ulitbg at }ci} @It iul xluq `bbm i} mlikag` pa}c

dbjeagi}buaik gbgkagliu vubekljt+ t|dc it }cl bglt lgdb|g}lulm ag vbplu lgàglluag` #l`

`lglui}abg vkiggag`! I ml}iaklm lsvkigi}abg bh @lgl}ad Ik`bua}cj vuagdavklt+ elglha}t igm

muipeidot at àxlg ki}lu ag }cat dciv}lu #tld}abg 54=!+ igm }clau |tl ag j|k}a*benld}axl

bv}ajati}abg at matd|ttlm ag tld}abg 5=55

5'4'5'5'Taj|ki}lm Igglikag`

Taj|ki}lm Igglikag` #TI! at i tliudc jl}cbm eitlm bg }cl vuagdavklt bh jl}ik igglikag`

_53Z Pclg jl}ik jlk}t+ jbkld|klt cixl ca`c lglu`q igm jbxl hullkq It }clq dbbk mbpg+

}clq ùim|ikkq kbtl lglu`q igm hbuj duqt}ikt Ah }cl dbbkag` vubdltt at tkbp lgb|`c }b vluja}

}cl hbuji}abg bh vluhld} duqt}ikt+ }cl jl}ik pakk hagm a}t t}i}l bh jagaj|j lglu`q #}cl bv}ajik

t}i}l! Ag dbg}uit}+ ah }cl dbbkag` vubdltt at }bb hit} }cl jl}ik pakk tbkamahq ag i t|e*bv}ajik

duqt}ik hbuji}abg? }c|t eldbjag` eua}}kl ]cl TI igikb`q at |tlm }b bv}ajatl i tbk|}abg

}cub|`c i g|jelu bh dbbkag` t}i`lt |g}ak ig bv}ajik t}i}l at idcalxlm #Ha`|ul 5*0!


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41

Ha`|ul 5*0 Taj|ki}lm Igglikag` Lsijvkl # jag # ! dbt#96 ! tag#< !s

h s s s l

: !

Tb+ TI dbgm|d}t i vtl|mb uigmbj tliudc pclul vb}lg}aik tbk|}abgt jbxl hubj bgl vbag} }b

}cl b}clu Dcig`lt }b t|ebv}ajik tbk|}abgt iul vluja}}lm pa}c i vubeieaka}q }ci} majagatclt

pa}c }cl tliudc ]cat ikkbpt TI }b aga}aikkq ltdivl hubj kbdik bv}aji Cbplxlu+ `uim|ikkq }cl

tliudc pakk dbbk mbpg igm bgkq jbxlt }b el}}lu tbk|}abgt iul vluja}}lm+ }b hagm }cl bv}ajik

vbag} ]cl imxig}i`lt bh TI iul }ci} a} dig mlik pa}c igq }qvl bh benld}axl h|gd}abgt igm }ci}

a}t ajvkljlg}i}abg at xluq tajvkl _53Z+ pcadc at iktb }cl ditl pa}c @I Ag dbg}uit}+ TI

diggb} uldb`gatl pclg a} cit hb|gm ig bv}ajik tbk|}abg+ tb+ a} at dbjjbgkq |tlm it ig

ivvubsaji}abg jl}cbm

5'4'5'4'Cqeuam ]ldcgay|lt

I viu}ad|kiu dciuid}luat}ad bh cl|uat}ad }ldcgay|lt at }clau ieaka}q }b dbjeagl litakq pa}c b}clu

cl|uat}ad bu ji}clji}adik }ldcgay|lt ]cltl cqeuam }ldcgay|lt dbjeagl }cl ieaka}q bh lidc

}ldcgay|l ag}b vbpluh|k tliudc jl}cbmt Tbg` l} ik _53Z jlg}abg tbjl bh }cltl

dbjeagi}abgt>

]ie| Tliudc #]T! igm Taj|ki}lm Igglikag` #TI!> ]T at ig ik`bua}cj }ci} eitlt }cl

tliudc bg i jljbuq vubdltt A} ollvt i tcbu}*}luj jljbuq }ie| kat} bh ul`abgt


59/357

=6

bh }cl tliudc tvidl ogbpg }b el t|e*bv}ajik+ igm i kbg`*}luj jljbuq bh }uigta}abg

t}ui}làlt }ci} ajvubxlm }cl tliudc TI+ ag dbg}uit}+ dbgm|d}t i vubeieakat}ad tliudc+

ulm|dag` dcig`lt ag }ajl I cqeuam bh eb}c vluja}t TI }b uljljelu ulàbgt bh }cl

tliudc tvidl }ci} plul ikulimq lsvkbulm igm }b ivvkq bv}ajik t}ui}làlt }ci} clkv }b

ajvubxl dbgxlu`lgdl }bpiumt `kbeik bv}aji

TI igm @I> TI lxik|i}lt i tag`kl tbk|}abg lidc }ajl pcakl dbgm|d}ag` }cl tliudc

Cbplxlu+ tbjl i}}ljv}t cixl ellg jiml }b viuikklkatl TI |tag` ùb|vt bh tbk|}abgt

Tajakiukq+ }cl dbbkag` vuagdavklt bh TI cixl ellg |tlm ag @I }b ulm|dl }cl

iddlv}igdl ui}l bh glp vbv|ki}abgt+ lgcigdag` }cl @I lsvkbui}abg bh }cl tliudc

tvidl

@I igm kbdik tliudc> @It iul xluq `bbm i} tliudcag` hbu }cl ulàbg bh }cl `kbeik

bv}aji+ e|} }clq bh}lg hiak }b dbgxlu`l }b }cl `kbeik bv}aji ]clulhbul+ ag }cat cqeuam

@I i kbdik tliudc ik`bua}cj #l` cakk dkajeag`! at t}iu}lm hubj }cl bv}ajiktbk|}abg be}iaglm eq }cl @I

@It igm kbdik tliudc> @It iul xluq `bbm i} tbkxag` dbjeagi}buaik vubekljt

]clulhbul+ igb}clu cqeuam ivvkadi}abg bh @It at gbgkagliu dbjeagi}buaik vubekljt

Ag }cat ditl+ }cl vubeklj at mldbjvbtlm igm i @I at |tlm }b tbkxl }cl dbjeagi}buaik

jit}lu vubeklj pcakl i gbgkagliu ji}clji}adik ivvubidc at |tlm }b tbkxl }cl tkixl

vubeklj

5'4'4'Tag`kl*benld}axl Bv}ajati}abg ag Vbplu Tqt}ljt

I kiu`l g|jelu bh vbplu lgàglluag` vubekljt uly|aul }cl |tl bh bv}ajati}abg jl}cbmt

]cltl vubekljt iul |t|ikkq mahhad|k} }b tbkxl hbu i g|jelu bh ulitbgt> benld}axl h|gd}abgt

agdk|ml gbgkagliu }lujt #vbplu kbttlt+ y|imui}ad dbt} ly|i}abgt!? ly|ika}q dbgt}uiag}t iul

huly|lg}kq mlhaglm eq }cl vbplu hkbp ly|i}abgt+ pcadc iul gbgkagliu igm gbg*dbgxls?

mldatabg xld}but agdk|ml ag}l`lu #tpa}dcag` bvlui}abgt+ agxlt}jlg} mldatabgt!+ matdul}l

#divida}q! igm dbg}ag|b|t #bvlui}abg tl} vbag}t! xiu|ieklt Vubekljt iul iktb dciuid}luatlm

eq i kiu`l tliudc tvidl ag ulki}abg }b }cl t}igmiumt bh jbt} bv}ajati}abg jl}cbmt _59Z

Tbg` l} ik _53Z t|``lt}t }ci} pclglxlu i vbplu tqt}ljt bv}ajati}abg vubeklj dig el

ji}clji}adikkq hbuj|ki}lm+ a} tcb|km el tbkxlm eq ji}clji}adik bv}ajati}abg Cbplxlu+

àxlg }cl dbjvklsa}q bh jbt} vubekljt+ tajvkahqag` itt|jv}abgt j|t} el agdk|mlm ag }cl

jbmlk bh }cl vubeklj _59


60/357

=9

]iekl 5*= Ivvkadi}abg bh Ji}clji}adik Bv}ajati}abg Jl}cbmt }b Vbplu Tqt}ljt #Tb|udl _5'98Z!

Bv}ajati}abg Jl}cbm Ivvkadi}abgtKagliu vubùijjag` Kbim Hkbp

Bv}ajik Vbplu Hkbp #BVH!

Ulid}axl vbplu vkiggagÌd}axl igm ulid}axl vbplu matvi}dc

Gbgkagliu vubùijjag` BVH

Cqmub}clujik tdclm|kag`

Ag}l`lu igm Jaslm ag}l`lu vubùijjag` Bv}ajik ulid}axl vbplu vkiggag`

Vbplu tqt}ljt vkiggag`

\ga} dbjja}jlg}

@lglui}abg tdclm|kag`

Mqgijad vubùijjag` Ulid}axl vbplu dbg}ubk

]uigtjattabg vkiggag`Mat}uae|}abg Vkiggag`

\ga} dbjja}jlg}

Dbgxlutlkq+ Mle _54Z uldb`gatlt }ci} lgàglluag` bv}ajati}abg ivvkadi}abgt |t|ikkq agxbkxl

jinbu taj|ki}abgt }b dbjv|}l }cl benld}axl h|gd}abg+ igm }ci} dbgtly|lg}kq dkittadik

jl}cbmt iul gb} plkk t|a}lm }b tbkxl }cltl vuid}adik bv}ajati}abg vubekljt pa}cb|} jinbu

has*|vt It ig lsijvkl+ Glajigl _50Z jlg}abgt }ci} }cl ivvkadi}abg bh ji}clji}adik

bv}ajati}abg }ldcgay|lt }b ulik mat}uae|}abg tqt}lj vkiggag` ditl t}|malt at kaja}lm

Tajakiukq+ Takxi l} ik _590Z jlg}abg }ci} lxlg ah ji}clji}adik jl}cbmt vubxaml ig idd|ui}l

bv}ajik tbk|}abg+ }clq uly|aul tajvkahalm jbmlkt Clgdl+ bgkq t|e*bv}ajik tbk|}abgt iul

vubxamlm ag i vuid}adik tlgtl Kll l} ik _593Z uldb`gatl }ci} pclg }cl tajvkahadi}abgt xabki}l

}cl vuagdavklt bh }cl ji}clji}adik jl}cbmt #l` kagliua~i}abg bh gbgkagliu dbgt}uiag}t }b

ivvkq i kagliu vubùijjag` jl}cbm! }cl tbk|}abgt hb|gm iul dlu}iagkq agdbuuld} bu lxlg

aghlitaekl ]cat }uiml*bhh lsljvkahalt }cl bv}ajati}abg"jbmlkkag` makljji+ ag}ubm|dlm ag }cl

vulxab|t dciv}lu+ igm lsvulttlm eq Auxag` l} ik _59Z> A} at }bb litq }b hikk ag}b }cl }uiv bh

hagmag` idd|ui}l tbk|}abgt hbu gbg*vubekljt+ bu gbg* tbk|}abgt }b ulik vubekljt #Ha`|ul

5*3!

Cl|uat}ad jl}cbmt iul viu}ad|kiukq `bbm i} tbkxag` gbgkagliu igm dbjeagi}buaik vubekljt+

igm a} cit ellg vubxlg }ci} }clq dig b|}vluhbuj dkittadik jl}cbmt ag gbg*dbgxls vubekljt

_593Z Clgdl+ }cl ivvkadi}abg bh cl|uat}ad jl}cbmt }b vbplu tqt}ljt vubekljt cit ìaglm

dbgtamluiekl i}}lg}abg ag uldlg} qliut+ ltvldaikkq }cl |tl bh Lxbk|}abgiuq Ik`bua}cjt

Ji}clji}adik idd|uidq at tiduahadlm }b tbjl mlùll eldi|tl hagmag` }cl ietbk|}l `kbeik

bv}aj|j at gb} `|iuig}llm Cbplxlu+ jbmlkkag` idd|uidq dig el agdulitlm igm igq }qvl bh

benld}axl h|gd}abgt bu ag}uadi}l dbgt}uiag}t dig el agdk|mlm


61/357

=5

Ha`|ul 5*3 Bv}ajati}abg"Jbmlkkag` Makljji #Imiv}lm hubj _5'9Z!

Ig liukq v|ekadi}abg bh Jauigmi l} ik _591Z amlg}ahalm }cl haut} ivvkadi}abgt bh @I }b vbplu

tqt}ljt vkiggag`+ agdk|mag` divida}bu vkidljlg}+ xbk}i`l bv}ajati}abg igm kbim hkbp

igikqtat Ki}lu+ Jauigmi l} ik _59=Z ulxalplm 94< v|ekadi}abgt uldbumag` ivvkadi}abgt bhlxbk|}abgiuq dbjv|}i}abg }b vbplu tqt}ljt ]cl uig`l bh v|uvbtlt at ls}lgtaxl igm a}

agdk|mlt gl}pbuo lsvigtabg vkiggag`+ bvlui}abg vkiggag`+ igikqtat igm dbg}ubk bh vbplu

tqt}ljt Jbul uldlg}kq+ Takxi l} ik _590Z ulxalplm 3< v|ekadi}abgt+ igm amlg}ahalm }ci}

`lglui}abg tdclm|kag` igm gl}pbuo lsvigtabg vkiggag` iul }cl jbt} vbv|kiu ivvkadi}abgt

Takxi l} ik _590Z ulhlulgdlt i ditl t}|mq ag pcadc i @I hagmt i tbk|}abg 3, dclivlu }cig }cl

bgl hb|gm eq dbgxlg}abgik bv}ajati}abg hbu }cl }uigtjattabg lsvigtabg vubeklj bh }cl gbu}c*

gbu}c*lit}lug gl}pbuo ag Eui~ak ]cat vubeklj at tb dbjvkls }ci} }cl id}|ik bv}ajik at gb}

ogbpg ]cl ult|k} mljbgt}ui}lt }cl ivvkadieaka}q bh @It }b kiu`l igm dbjvkls vubekljt

Gls}+ }cl pbuoag` vuagdavklt igm t}u|d}|ul bh @It at mltduaelm ag ml}iak


62/357

=4

5'4'='@lgl}ad Ik`bua}cjt

Aga}aikkq mlxlkbvlm eq Cbkkigm ag }cl 06t igm vbv|kiuatlm eq @bkmelu` _556Z+ @lgl}ad

Ik`bua}cjt iul i tliudc jl}cbm eitlm bg }cl jldcigadt bh gi}|uik tlkld}abg igm `lgl}adt

Jbt} bh @I }lujagbkb`q at eitlm bg dbgdlv}t igm }lujt hubj `lgl}ad tdalgdl @It |tl i

vbv|ki}abg bh dcubjbtbjlt+ iktb ogbpg it agmaxam|ikt+ lidc bgl ulvultlg}ag` i vbttaekl

tbk|}abg }b }cl bv}ajati}abg vubeklj Lidc dcubjbtbjl at itta`glm i ha}gltt xik|l+ eitlm bg

a}t vluhbujigdl ]cl ha}}lt} agmaxam|ikt iul dbjeaglm }cub|`c i dubttbxlu vubdltt }b vubm|dl

bhhtvuag`+ pcadc tciul tbjl hli}|ult #`lglt! }iolg hubj lidc viulg} ]cl pbut}

agmaxam|ikt mb gb} ulvubm|dl igm mb gb} tvulim }cl `lglt ag}b glp bhhtvuag` Iktb+ hubj }ajl

}b }ajl+ tbjl agmaxam|ikt |gmlu`b j|}i}abg+ pcadc ag}ubm|dlt glp dciuid}luat}adt }b }cl

vbv|ki}abg

9' Aga}aik Vbv|ki}abg

Duli}l ig aga}aik

vbv|ki}abg bh uigmbj

agmaxam|ikt

5' Lxik|i}abg

Dbjv|}l }cl benld}axl

xik|lt bh }cl tbk|}abg

digmami}lt

4' Ha}gltt

Itta`gjlg}

\tl }cl benld}axl

xik|lt }b ml}lujagl

ha}gltt xik|lt

=' Tlkld}abg

Tlkld} }cl ha}}lt}agmaxam|ikt hbu

ulvubm|d}abg


63/357

==

ivvubsaji}l }cl `kbeik bv}aji ]cl vubdltt dbg}ag|lt hbu i tvldahalm g|jelu bh `lglui}abgt

bu |g}ak ikk }cl vbv|ki}abg dbgxlu`lt }b i tag`kl dcubjbtbjl

]cl eitad @lgl}ad Ik`bua}cj dig el t|jjiuatlm |tag` t}lvt amlg}ahalm ag Ha`|ul 5*1

Mlvlgmag` bg }cl i|}cbu+ }cl g|jelu bh t}lvt i}}uae|}lm }b i digbgadik @I xiualt+ e|} }cl

vubdltt at }cl tijl Lidc t}lv at lsvkiaglm ag ml}iak gls} Haut}+ }cl pbuoag` vuagdavklt bh @I

iul matd|ttlm

5'4'='9'Cbp Mb @It Pbuo2

@It iul eitlm bg xluq tajvkl vuagdavklt? gbgl}clkltt }clau elcixab|u at ca`ckq gbgkagliu+

t}bdcit}ad igm dbjvkls _54Z Tbjl cqvb}cltlt lsvkiag tbjl bh }cl ulitbgt pcq @It

vluhbuj plkk ag i g|jelu bh mahhad|k} bv}ajati}abg vubekljt _559Z Lhhadalg} bv}ajati}abg

ik`bua}cjt j|t} jiol |tl bh }pb vubdlttlt }b hagm }cl `kbeik bv}aji> lsvkbui}abg #dbxlu }cl

pcbkl tliudc tvidl! igm lsvkba}i}abg #jiol |tl bh aghbuji}abg ikulimq ogbpg! Hbu agt}igdl+

lsci|t}axl tliudc at `bbm i} lsvkbui}abg Ag dbg}uit}+ }uima}abgik bv}ajati}abg jl}cbmt iul

`bbm i} lsvkba}i}abg> }clq dbgm|d} kbdik tliudc eitlm bg bgl*vbag} aghbuji}abg ]cl `lgl}ad

bvlui}abgt bh @It+ mltduaelm gls}+ vluhbuj eb}c lsvkbui}abg igm lsvkba}i}abg

taj|k}iglb|tkq+ ag ig bv}ajik piq Tlkld}abg igm dubttbxlu jiol |tl bh tlxluik tbk|}abgt

ikulimq ogbpg }b el `bbm igm lsvkba} }cat aghbuji}abg Ih}lupiumt+ }cl j|}i}abg bvlui}bu

lsvkbult }cl pcbkl tliudc tvidl hbu el}}lu tbk|}abgt Jbulbxlu+ tagdl i @I pbuo pa}c ùb|vt

bh tbk|}abgt taj|k}iglb|tkq+ a} dbgm|d}t i pamlu lsvkbui}abg bh }cl tliudc tvidl i} lxluq

a}lui}abg

]cl Tdclji }clbulj _556Z t|``lt}t }ci} ha} agmaxam|ikt cixl dcubjbtbjlt pa}c viu}ad|kiu

vi}}lugt bh `lgl }ci} vluhbuj plkk+ dikklm tdclji}i Tagdl ha} agmaxam|ikt cixl jbul

dcigdlt bh ulvubm|d}abg+ }cltl tdclji}i iul vubviì}lm ag }cl vbv|ki}abg+ igm }cl dcigdl bh

hagmag` el}}lu tbk|}abgt agdulitlt Iktb+ tagdl lxluq dcubjbtbjl cit i kiu`l g|jelu bh `lgl

vi}}lugt+ @I ajvkada}kq dbgm|d}t i viuikklk tliudc bxlu i kiu`l g|jelu bh tdclji}i ]cat

ajvkada} viuikklkatj at bgl bh }cl ulitbgt hbu }cl `bbm vluhbujigdl bh @I _559Z @bkmelu`

_556Z vbag}t b|} }ci} @I cixl }cl ieaka}q }b hagm `bbm e|akmag` ekbdot+ dbgtat}ag` bh

tdclji}i bh tcbu} klg`}c pcadc pbuo plkk }b`l}clu igm }lgm }b ajvubxl }cl ha}gltt bh ig

agmaxam|ik pclg agdbuvbui}lm }b a} @I dig t|ddltth|kkq tliudc+ hagm igm dbjeagl `bbm

e|akmag` ekbdot }b duli}l bv}ajik tbk|}abgt Tb+ eq dbjeagag` }cltl e|akmag` ekbdot igm

vubviì}ag` }clj }cl ha}gltt bu tbk|}abg y|ika}q bh }cl vbv|ki}abg agdulitlt


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= |tag` i


65/357

=8

5'4'='4'Aga}aik vbv|ki}abg

Duli}ag` }cl haut} vbv|ki}abg at gb} i }uaxaik t}lv+ it a} dig t}ubg`kq aghk|lgdl }cl lhhadalgdq bh

}cl ik`bua}cj ]cl haut} vbv|ki}abg dbgtat}t bh i g|jelu bh }uaik tbk|}abgt }b }cl bv}ajati}abg

vubeklj+ pcadc iul lgdbmlm ag}b dcubjbtbjlt I `bbm haut} vbv|ki}abg dig ulm|dl }cl

lxik|i}abg }ajl igm vulxlg} vulji}|ul dbgxlu`lgdl }b kbdik bv}aji _596Z Ag dbg}uit}+ i eim

aga}aik vbv|ki}abg jiolt }cl @I tliudc vubdltt kbg`lu+ it }cat pakk ulkq }bb clixakq bgkq bg

}cl lsvkbui}abg #j|}i}abg! bvlui}bu }b hagm }cl `kbeik bv}aji+ ultljekag` ig lsci|t}axl

tliudc

Tb+ }cl haut} vbv|ki}abg j|t} vubxaml }cl ik`bua}cj pa}c xiualm igm `bbm tdclji}i }b

dbgm|d} }cl tliudc ]cl jbt} dbjjbg ivvubidc at }cl duli}abg bh uigmbj agmaxam|ikt

_54Z+_559Z Gbgl}clkltt+ ah }cl uigmbj viuijl}lut iul gb} dbuuld}kq tl}+ }cl aga}aik

vbv|ki}abg pakk klixl ulàbgt bh }cl tliudc tvidl |glsvkbulm? }c|t ihhld}ag` }cl lhhadidq bh

}cl tliudc lhhadalgdq Dbgtly|lg}kq+ tbjl i|}cbut t|``lt} i |gahbuj duli}abg bh agmaxam|ikt

ag }cl mldatabg tvidl agt}lim _596Z Ag imma}abg+ ah tvldaikatlm aghbuji}abg bg }cl vubeklj at

ogbpg elhbulcigm+ hbu lsijvkl ulàbgt bh }cl mldatabg tvidl }ci} ja`c} el bv}ajik+ tbjl

`bbm tbk|}abgt dig el tllmlm ag }cl aga}aik vbv|ki}abg

]cl vbv|ki}abg ta~l at iktb i olq hid}bu }b idcalxl ig lhhadalg} @I Tbjl i|}cbut

uldbjjlgm vbv|ki}abg ta~lt el}pllg 46 igm 966 agmaxam|ikt _53Z+_555Z Cbplxlu+ Mle

_54Z mljbgt}ui}lm }ci} }cl bv}ajik ta~l bh }cl vbv|ki}abg mlvlgmt bg }cl mahhad|k}q bh }cl

vubeklj #l` tbk|}abg tvidl kigmtdivl+ g|jelu bh xiuaieklt! igm }ci} }clul at gb tag`kl

uldbjjlgmi}abg }ci} ivvkalt }b ikk vubekljt ]cl jbul mahhad|k} }cl vubeklj+ }cl kiu`lu }cl

vbv|ki}abg tcb|km el @bkmelu` _556Z vubxamlt tbjl matd|ttabg bg }cl lhhld}t bh }cl ulki}axl

ta~l bh }cl vbv|ki}abg A} tcbpt }ci} i tjikk vbv|ki}abg cit `bbm aga}aik vluhbujigdl igm a}

dbgxlu`lt jbul y|adokq Gbgl}clkltt+ ah }cl vbv|ki}abg at }bb tjikk }cl kido bh maxluta}q ag

tdclji}i dig di|tl }cl ik`bua}cj }b dbgxlu`l }b kbdik bv}aji

Clgdl+ }cl vbv|ki}abg ta~l j|t} el kiu`l lgb|`c }b vubxaml }cl @I pa}c i `bbm g|jelu bhtdclji}i }b dbgm|d} }cl tliudc ]cl maxluta}q bh tdclji}i pakk ult|k} ag dbgxlu`lgdl bh }cl

@I }bpiumt }cl `kbeik bv}aji Cbplxlu+ }clul at i }uiml*bhh el}pllg }cl tvllm igm }cl

idd|uidq bh }cl ik`bua}cj I kiu`l vbv|ki}abg cit ùli}lu aglu}ai+ tb+ lxbk|}abg }bpiumt }cl

bv}ajik ulàbgt pakk el tkbplu


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=0

5'4'='='Lxik|i}abg igm Ha}gltt Itta`gjlg}

]cl lxik|i}abg igm ha}gltt itta`gjlg} at tbjl}ajlt dbgtamlulm it i tag`kl t}lv+ a} dbgtat}t bh

}cl }uigtki}abg bh }cl dcubjbtbjlt `lgb}qvl }b i ha}gltt xik|l ]cl ha}gltt xik|l j|t}

idd|ui}lkq ulhkld} }cl ieaka}q bh }cl agmaxam|ik }b idcalxl }cl bv}ajati}abg benld}axl #bu

benld}axlt! _559Z ]cl ha}gltt xik|l at |tlm ag }cl gls} t}lv bh }cl @I #tlkld}abg! }b dcbbtl

}cl elt} vluhbujag` agmaxam|ikt hbu ulvubm|d}abg

]cl lxik|i}abg igm ha}gltt itta`gjlg} dbgtat}t bh }cull tly|lg}aik t}lvt+ it tcbpg ag Ha`|ul

5*95 Haut}+ }cl dcubjbtbjl gllmt }b el mldbmlm ag}b }cl mldatabg xiuaieklt #S! ]clg+ }cl

benld}axl#t! xik|lt #B! iul be}iaglm }cub|`c }cl benld}axl lxik|i}abg Ag eitad tag`kl*

benld}axl @I+ }cl benld}axl xik|l at mauld}kq |tlm it }cl ha}gltt xik|l #H! Cbplxlu+ gbujikkq

}cl benld}axlt iul }uigtki}lm }b }cl ha}gltt xik|l |tag` i ha}gltt h|gd}abg _555Z Vubeklj

dbgt}uiag}t iul |t|ikkq agdk|mlm it vlgik}alt ag }cl ha}gltt h|gd}abgt _54Z ]cltl vlgik}alt dig

el vubvbu}abgik }b }cl ml`ull bh dbgt}uiag} xabki}abg Agmaxam|ikt }ci} xabki}l }cl vubeklj

dbgt}uiag}t cixl kbplu ha}gltt dbjviulm }b hlitaekl agmaxam|ikt It i ult|k}+ }cl lsvkbui}abg at

mauld}lm }bpiumt hlitaekl ul`abgt bh }cl tliudc tvidl Ha`|ul 5*95 iktb vubxamlt i vbplu

tqt}lj ivvkadi}abg ag MLU it ig lsijvkl }b vubxaml ulikatj hbu }cl }cull `lgluad t}lvt

akk|t}ui}lm

Ha`|ul 5*95 Lxik|i}abg igm Ha}gltt Itta`gjlg}

]b itta`g }cl ha}gltt bh lidc agmaxam|ik+ y|ig}ahadi}abg bh }cl vluhbujigdl bh lidc tbk|}abg at

gllmlm Tagdl bgkq }cl benld}axl xik|lt iul |tlm }b ml}lujagl }cl ha}gltt bh lxluq agmaxam|ik+

}cl benld}axl h|gd}abgt mb gb} gllm }b el dbg}ag|b|t bu mahhlulg}aiekl ]clq dig el igq}cag`

hubj i tajvkl ji}clji}adik h|gd}abg }b i dbjvkls tqt}lj taj|ki}abg eitlm bg }cl mldatabg

xiuaieklt+ bu lxlg t|enld}axl xik|lt eitlm bg vulhlulgdl ]cat dciuid}luat}ad at h|gmijlg}ik


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=3

eldi|tl a} vluja}t @I }cl bv}ajati}abg bh dbjvkls+ gbg*dbg}ag|b|t+ gbg*mahhlulg}aiekl

benld}axl h|gd}abgt Jbulbxlu+ }cat jivvag` vluja}t }cl hbuj|ki}abg bh j|k}a*benld}axl

vubekljt+ lsvkiaglm ki}lu ag }cat dciv}lu

5'4'='


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=1

tlkld}abg Jbulbxlu+ a} cit ellg mljbgt}ui}lm }ci} }cl }b|ugijlg} tlkld}abg cit el}}lu bu

ly|axiklg} dbgxlu`lgdl igm dbjv|}i}abgik vubvlu}alt }cig igq b}clu ulvubm|d}abg bvlui}bu

_54Z

Ha`|ul 5*94 Eagiuq ]b|ugijlg} Tlkld}abg

5'4'='8'Dubttbxlu

Dubttbxlu at }cl olq bvlui}bu bh @I A} `|iuig}llt }ci} aghbuji}abg at ag}ludcig`lm el}pllg

`bbm dcubjbtbjlt+ lxlg}|ikkq klimag` }b }cl vubm|d}abg bh el}}lu dcubjbtbjlt A} dbgtat}t

bh dbjeagag` viaut bh dcubjbtbjlt hubj }cl ji}ag` vbbk #dikklm viulg}t! eq tpivvag`

}clau `lglt }b vubm|dl i viau bh glp dcubjbtbjlt #dikklm bhhtvuag`! ]cl vubdltt bh

dubttbxlu at ulvli}lm |g}ak ikk viaut bh dcubjbtbjlt bh }cl ji}ag` vbbk cixl ellg vadolm

Cbplxlu+ gb} ikk viulg}t iul dbjeaglm ]cl dubttbxlu bvlui}bu at ivvkalm pa}c i vubeieaka}q

dikklm }cl dubttbxlu ui}l Gbujikkq }cat ui}l at el}pllg 68 igm 96 _559Z+ ik}cb|`c tbjl

ljvauadik t}|malt t|``lt} }ci} }cl elt} dubttbxlu ui}l at el}pllg 68< igm 63< _53Z ]cl

viulg}t }ci} iul gb} dbjeaglm iul mauld}kq dbvalm }b }cl gls} vbv|ki}abg? bu pa}c amlg}adik

ult|k}+ lidc bhhtvuag` at ig lsid} dbvq bh lidc viulg}


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dubttbxlut ja`c} el ul`iumlm it jbul matu|v}axl }cig tag`kl igm mb|ekl vbag} dubttbxlu

eldi|tl e|akmag` ekbdot iul jbul kaolkq }b el mlt}ubqlm _554Z Cbplxlu+ }clq hixb|u }cl

lsvkbui}abg bh }cl tliudc tvidl+ igm a} cit ellg tcbpg }ci} |gahbuj dubttbxlu vluhbujt

el}}lu }cig }pb*vbag} igm tag`kl*vbag} dubttbxlu _596Z


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}cl j|}i}abg ui}l pa}c }ajl+ t}iu}ag` pa}c i ca`c #lsvkbui}buq! j|}i}abg ui}l ag liukq

`lglui}abgt }ci} pakk dcig`l }b i kbp #hagl*}|gag`! j|}i}abg ui}l i} ki}lu `lglui}abgt

5'4'='3'Vbv|ki}abg \vmi}ag`> Ulagtlu}abg igm Lka}atj

]cl kit} t}lv bh }cl @I at }b ulagtlu} }cl glpkq duli}lm bhhtvuag` ag}b }cl vbv|ki}abg \t|ikkq

}cl vbv|ki}abg ta~l at olv} dbgt}ig} idubtt `lglui}abgt? tb+ i ulvkidljlg} vubdltt at

gldlttiuq Ag i `lglui}abg ulvkidljlg} vubdltt+ ikk }cl bkm vbv|ki}abg at ulvkidlm eq }cl


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ag }cat tlgtl a} at t|uxaxik bh }cl ha}}lt} A} at ivvkalm la}clu eq dbjviuag` bhhtvuag`

igm viulg}t igm dcbbtag` }cl elt} hubj }clj hbu }cl glp vbv|ki}abg+ bu eq dbvqag` mauld}kq i

g|jelu bh }cl elt} vluhbujag` agmaxam|ikt hubj }cl bkm vbv|ki}abg }b }cl glp vbv|ki}abg

_555Z ]cat tajvkl vubdltt lgt|ult }ci} i `bbm tbk|}abg at glxlu kbt} eq dubttbxlu bu

j|}i}abg igm at ml}lujagat}adikkq olv} ag }cl vbv|ki}abg |g}ak i el}}lu tbk|}abg ulvkidlt a}

_54Z Lka}atj cit ellg vubxlm }b clkv }cl dbgxlu`lgdl bh @I }b `kbeik bv}aji _54Z

Jbulbxlu+ lka}atj at i olq dbgdlv} ag J|k}a*Benld}axl Lxbk|}abgiuq Ik`bua}cjt JBLI

eitlm bg lka}at} t}ui}l`alt b|}vluhbuj }cl gbg*lka}at} }ldcgay|lt _59

Ikk }cl `lglt bh }cl vbv|ki}abg cixl dbgxlu`lm I `lgl at tiam }b dbgxlu`l pclg

1


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74/357


75/357

cbp j|dc at ig agdulitl ag vluhbujigdl

pbu}c2 Bu ik}lugi}axlkq+ cbp j|dc vluhbujigdl dig el tiduahadlm }b tixl i àxlg ijb|g} bh

jbglq2 Ik}cb|`c ulik vubekljt iul jbul dbjvkls+ tajakiu mldatabgt iul hidlm miakq eq

lgàgllut igm vkigglut

Hagmag` i tag`kl tbk|}abg hbu i j|k}a*benld}axl vubeklj agxbkxlt }pb t}i`lt> bv}ajati}abg igm

mldatabg*jioag` ]pb dbg}uit}ag` vcakbtbvcalt dig el ivvkalm+ mlvlgmag` bg }cl bumlu ag

pcadc }cltl t}i`lt iul ivvkalm Ag }cl haut} ivvubidc+ }cl mldatabg*jioag` vubdltt vuldlmlt

}cl bv}ajati}abg vubdltt ]cl vubeklj at jbmahalm }b ha} i tag`kl*benld}axl bv}ajati}abg

huijlpbuo ]cat at dikklm i vulhlulgdl*eitlm j|k}a*benld}axl bv}ajati}abg+ igm a} at

akk|t}ui}lm ag Ha`|ul 5*90 ]cl vubdltt uly|ault vulhlulgdl aghbuji}abg ieb|} }cl vubeklj

Cbplxlu+ }cl y|ig}ahadi}abg bh t|enld}axl vulhlulgdlt at gb} ig litq }ito+ ltvldaikkq ah ka}}kl

aghbuji}abg ieb|} }cl vubeklj at ixiakiekl elhbulcigm Jbul ajvbu}ig}kq+ }cat tbk|}abg

vubdltt at i ekido ebs> àxlg i tl} bh viuijl}lut+ i tag`kl t|enld}axl tbk|}abg at be}iaglm

Clgdl+ xik|iekl aghbuji}abg ieb|} }cl vubeklj at kbt} _558Z


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]cl jl}cbm at jbul jl}cbmadik+ jbul vuid}adik igm kltt t|enld}axl _54Z

A} vubxamlt i pamlu uig`l bh ik}lugi}axlt }b dcbbtl hubj? }clulhbul+ a} vluja}t jbul

aghbujlm mldatabgt _550Z

Tagdl ulik vubekljt iul |t|ikkq j|k}a*benld}axl+ }cat ivvubidc vluja}t i jbul

ulikat}ad ulvultlg}i}abg bh vuid}adik vubekljt _550Z

A} vluja}t }cl `lglui}abg bh |tlh|k aghbuji}abg ieb|} }cl vubeklj elag` t}|malm

_553Z? a} at vbttaekl }b ogbp }cl tdbvl bh lxluq benld}axl igm }b igikqtl }cl

dbuulki}abgt el}pllg benld}axlt


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}clq iul ikk bv}ajik _551Z Tagdl }cat ultliudc mblt gb} hbd|t

bg }cl dcbadl bh i tag`kl tbk|}abg+ }cl mldatabg jioag` t}i`l at gb} t}|malm Tlxluik

}ldcgay|lt hbu }cl mldatabg jioag` vubdltt }b dcbbtl i tag`kl tbk|}abg lsat} J|k}a Dua}luai

Mldatabg Jioag` #JDMJ! at i xit} ultliudc halkm I eubim ulxalp bh JDMJ }ldcgay|lt at

vubxamlm ag Ltvalt mbd}buik }cltat _546Z Ag imma}abg+ }cl ivvkadi}abg bh JDMJ }b lglu`q

vkiggag` vubekljt at t}|malm eq Cbeet igm Jlalu _549Z


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79/357

86

eldi|tl }clul at gb tbk|}abg }ci} mbjagi}lt }clj Gb}l }ci} lxlg ah tbk|}abg 5 at ly|ik ag bgl

benld}axl }b tbk|}abgt 9 igm 4+ a} t}akk mbjagi}lt }clj+ `axlg }cl dbgdlv} bh mbjagigdl

]cl gbg*mbjagi}abg ulki}abgtcav ml}lujaglt }cl dbgdlv} bh Viul}b bv}ajika}q I tbk|}abg at

tiam }b el Viul}b bv}ajik ah a} at gbg*mbjagi}lm eq igq b}clu tbk|}abg _54Z Ag b}clu pbumt+ i

Viul}b bv}ajik tbk|}abg diggb} el ajvubxlm ag bgl benld}axl pa}cb|} kbtag` ag igb}clu bgl

_59


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89

h9

h9 h9

h9

Ditl 9Ditl 5

Ditl 4 Ditl =

Ha`|ul 5*56 Uly|auljlg}t bh i J|k}a*benld}axl Bv}ajati}abg Vubeklj

Jl}cbmt }b be}iag tlxluik Viul}b tl} tbk|}abgt iul matd|ttlm gls} ]cltl jl}cbmt iul maxamlm

ag}b }pb `ub|vt ]cl haut} jiolt |tl bh tag`kl*benld}axl }ldcgay|lt+ }clulhbul at dbjjbgkq

ulhluulm }b it }cl dkittadik ivvubidc Ag dbg}uit}+ }cl tldbgm `ub|v at eitlm bg

Lxbk|}abgiuq ik`bua}cjt igm vluja}t amlg}ahadi}abg bh tlxluik tbk|}abgt bh }cl Viul}b hubg} i}

bgdl

5'='5'9'Dkittadik Ivvubidc

Dkittadik j|k}a*benld}axl ivvubidclt iul eitlm bg tag`kl*benld}axl bv}ajati}abg jl}cbmt

Tag`kl tbk|}abgt iul hb|gm |tag` i vulhlulgdl*eitlm ivvubidc+ akk|t}ui}lm bg }bv bh Ha`|ul

5*90 Tlxluik tbk|}abgt bh }cl Viul}b hubg} iul be}iaglm eq tbkxag` tag`kl*benld}axl vubekljt

a}lui}axlkq Tagdl }cat ivvubidc dbgt}a}|}lt i ulvli}lm tag`kl bv}ajati}abg+ a} j|t} mlik pa}c

ikk }cl dbjvklsa}alt bh tbkxag` i tag`kl*benld}axl vubeklj+ matd|ttlm i} }cl t}iu} bh }cat

dciv}lu ]cl }pb jbt} dbjjbg dkittadik ivvubidclt iul mltduaelm gls}


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85

Pla`c}lm*t|j Jl}cbm

]cl pla`c}lm*t|j jl}cbm dbgxlu}t }cl j|k}a*benld}axl vubeklj ag}b i tag`kl*benld}axl

vubeklj eq dcig`ag` }cl j|k}a*benld}axl h|gd}abg ag}b i pla`c}lm*t|j bh }cl benld}axlt>

9

jag # ! # !j

a a

a

H s p h s:

: #5*99!

Pla`c}t pa agmadi}l }cl ulki}axl ajvbu}igdl bh lidc benld}axl ha Benld}axlt iul |t|ikkq

gbujikatlm tb }cl pla`c} xld}bu pa dig }iol xik|lt ag }cl uig`l _6+9Z Tajakiukq+ a} at |t|ik

vuid}adl }b itta`g pla`c} xik|lt tb }ci} ikk pla`c}t imm }b bgl>9

9j

a

a

p:

: _54Z

]cat jl}cbm at lsljvkahalm gls} pa}c i }pb benld}axl jagajati}abg ag Ha`|ul 5*59 ]cl

tag`kl*benld}axl h|gd}abg H#s! at i t}uia`c} kagl pa}c i tkbvl ly|ik }b p9"p5+ mlvad}lm it i

mitclm kagl ag Ha`|ul 5*59 ]cl vbta}abg bh }cl kagl ag }cl benld}axl tvidl mlvlgmt bg }cl

xik|l bhH#s!+ it ikk vbag}t ag }cl kagl cixl }cl tijl xik|l hbu }cl benld}axl h|gd}abg H#s!

Jbxag` }cl kagl }bpiumt }cl bua`ag jagajatlt }cl xik|l bhH#s! It i ult|k}+ }cl bv}ajik vbag}

I at kbdi}lm pclul }cl benld}axl h|gd}abg at }ig`lg}aik }b }cl Viul}b Hubg} _54Z

h5

p

9

Jagaj

ati}ab

g

Ha`|ul 5*59 Pla`c}lm*t|j Jagajati}abg


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84

Ag i dbgxls Viul}b Hubg}+ j|k}avkl tbk|}abgt dig el hb|gm eq dcig`ag` }cl tl} bh pla`c}t

a}lui}axlkq _54Z? }ci} at+ dcig`ag` }cl tkbvl bh }cl benld}axl h|gd}abg ]cat at lsljvkahalm ag

Ha`|ul 5*55+ pclul vbag}t E+ D igm M iul }cl bv}ajik vbag}t dbuultvbgmag` }b mahhlulg} tl} bh

pla`c}t #tkbvlt!

h9

E

D

M

Ha`|ul 5*55 Pla`c}lm*t|j Jagajati}abg Mahhlulg} Tbk|}abgt

]cat jl}cbm at tajvkl igm litq }b ajvkljlg}+ igm ag dbgxls vubekljt a} cit ellg

mljbgt}ui}lm }ci} a} dig hagm ikk Viul}b hubg} tbk|}abgt _54Z Gbgl}clkltt+ a} cit }pb jiag

matimxig}i`lt Haut}+ dcbbtag` i `bbm tl} bh pla`c}t at gb} ig litq }ito+ ltvldaikkq pclg }cl

tcivl bh }cl Viul}b hubg} at gb} ogbpg Benld}axlt |t|ikkq mb gb} cixl }cl tijl tdiklt igm

}clulhbul i gbujikati}abg at uly|aulm Iktb+ mahhlulg} tl}t bh pla`c}t jiq gb} klim }b mahhlulg}

tbk|}abgt _54Z

Hbu lsijvkl+ ag Ha`|ul 5*54 }cl ls}uljl vbag}t l igmhiul }cl bv}ajik tbk|}abg hbu tlxluik

tl} bh pla`c}t Jbulbxlu+ pclg }cl jivvag` at gb} kagliu+ |gahbujkq mat}uae|}lm tl} bh

pla`c}t mb gb} vubm|dl |gahbujkq mat}uae|}lm Viul}b tbk|}abgt Ag dbjvkls #al gbgkagliu igm

gbg*dbgxls! vubekljt+ a} at lxlg vbttaekl }ci} i tag`kl tl} bh pla`c}t klimt }b jbul }cig bgl

tbk|}abg ]cat ditl at iktb akk|t}ui}lm ag Ha`|ul 5*54+ pclul L igm H iul }cl bv}ajik tbk|}abgt

hbu }cl tijl }ig`lg}aik kagl


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h5

Ha`|ul 5*54 Pla`c}lm*t|j Jl}cbm pa}c Gbg*dbgxls Viul}b Hubg}

]cl tldbgm matimxig}i`l bh }cl pla`c}lm*t|j jl}cbm+ igm vlucivt }cl jbt} kaja}ag`+ at }ci}

}cat jl}cbm at |giekl }b hagm ikk tbk|}abgt pclg }cl Viul}b hubg} at gbg*dbgxls ]cat dig

litakq el betluxlm ag Ha`|ul 5*54 ]cl pla`c}lm*t|j jagajati}abg pakk glxlu hagm vbag} I

Vbag}t L igm H iul }ig`lg}aik }b }cl benld}axl kagl }ci} at iktb }ig`lg}aik }b I? }cb|`c L igm H

cixl i kbplu xik|l hbu }cl benld}axl h|gd}abg H#s! Ag `lgluik+ gb vbag} pa}cag L igm H dig el

hb|gm eq }cl pla`c}lm*t|j jl}cbm+ eldi|tl }ig`lg}aik kaglt bh ùli}lu ùimalg} bu klttlu

ùimalg} pakk haut} hagm vbag}t pa}c kbplu benld}axl xik|lt ag }cl tl`jlg}t lL igm Hh

ultvld}axlkq Tagdl a} at gb} litq }b ogbp }cl tcivl bh }cl Viul}b hubg}+ bu a}t dbgxlsa}q+

elhbulcigm+ }cl pla`c}lm*t|j jl}cbm gllmt }b el ivvkalm pa}c di|}abg _54Z

*dbgt}uiaglm jl}cbm

]cl *dbgt}uiaglm jl}cbm pit ag}ubm|dlm }b bxludbjl }cl mahhad|k}alt bh }cl pla`c}lm*t|j

jl}cbm pa}c gbg*dbgxls Viul}b hubg}t Ag }cat ditl+ }cl j|k}a*benld}axl vubeklj at tajvkahalm

eq ollvag` i tag`kl*benld}axl h|gd}abg #h!+ |t|ikkq }cl jbt} ajvbu}ig} benld}axl ]cl b}clubenld}axlt iul lsvulttlm it agly|ika}q dbgt}uiag}t ]cl xld}bu bh dbgt}uiag}t mlhaglt |vvlu

eb|gmt hbu }cltl benld}axlt Tb+ }cl j|k}a*benld}axl h|gd}abg bh ly|i}abg #5*9! gbp eldbjlt>

jag # !

9+5+

h

n j n

: n

s

h #s!

#5*95i!

#5*95e!


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Tbk|}abgt ag }cl ls}lugik iudcaxl V #al lka}l tbk|}abgt! iul àxlg i ha}gltt xik|l

ly|ik }b }cl g|jelu bh tbk|}abgt ag }cl vbv|ki}abg V }clq mbjagi}l+ maxamlm eq }cl

g|jelu bh tbk|}abgt ag }cl vbv|ki}abg

Tbk|}abgt ag }cl vbv|ki}abg #V! iul àxlg i ha}gltt xik|l ly|ik }b }cl g|jelu bh

tbk|}abgt hubj }cl iudcaxl #V! eq pcadc }clq iul mbjagi}lm+ vk|t bgl

Ha`|ul 5*50 TVLI Ha}gltt Itta`gjlg} Vubdltt

Clgdl+ TVLI ha}gltt itta`gjlg} `|iuig}llt }ci} gbg*mbjagi}lm tbk|}abgt cixl i kbplu

ha}gltt #ha}gltt at }b el jagajatlm! Iktb+ tbk|}abgt ag dubpmlm ulàbgt bh }cl Viul}b hubg}

igm }cl tliudc tvidl cixl pbutl ha}gltt+ v|tcag` }cl tliudc }bpiumt kltt dubpmlm ulàbgt

igm clkvag` }b be}iag i plkk*tvulim Viul}b hubg} eq lsvkbuag` gbg*lsvkbulm ulàbgt _544Z A}

at vbttaekl }b betluxl }cltl lhhld}t ag }cl lsijvkl akk|t}ui}lm ag Ha`|ul 5*50


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06

Ih}lu TVLI pit vubvbtlm+ }cl |tl bh lka}l vbv|ki}abgt #bu ls}lugik iudcaxlt! ag JBLI

eldijl }cl gbuj A} at gbp i mlhagag` dciuid}luat}ad bh t}i}l*bh*}cl*iu} JBLI A} pit ki}lu

mljbgt}ui}lm }ci} lka}atj at i }clbul}adik dbgma}abg }b `|iuig}ll }cl dbgxlu`lgdl bh JBLI

}bpiumt }cl Viul}b hubg} _5=Z

Jbt} lka}at} JBLI iul eitlm bg i huijlpbuo tajakiu }b TVLI igm bgkq mahhlu ag }cl piq

}clq vluhbuj ha}gltt itta`gjlg} igm tlkld}abg #dk|t}luag`! _54=Z ]cl `lgluad t}u|d}|ul bh

JBLI at akk|t}ui}lm ag Ha`|ul 5*53 Ha`|ul 5*51 tcbpt }cl }qvadik lxbk|}abg bh i JBLI

}bpiumt }cl Viul}b hubg}

Ha`|ul 5*53 ]qvadik T}u|d}|ul bh ig Lka}at} JBLI #Imiv}lm hubj _5'4


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Ha`|ul 5*51]qvadik JBLI Lxbk|}abg }bpiumt }cl Viul}b Hubg}

]cl kit} }pb #GT@I*AA igm TVLI5! cixl `iaglm pamltvulim i}}lg}abg igm cixl el`|g }b el

ivvkalm }b i maxluta}q bh vuid}adik vubekljt+ agdk|mag` gbp MLU vkiggag` it mljbgt}ui}lm ag

}cl gls} dciv}lut GT@I*AA ag viu}ad|kiu at dbgtamlulm eq tbjl i|}cbut it }cl jbt} vbv|kiu

jl}cbm _54=Z eldi|tl bh a}t tajvkada}q igm lhhld}axlgltt GT@I*AA at eitlm bg }cull

dbgdlv}t _551Z>

A} agdk|mlt lka}atj eq jiag}iagag` gbg*mbjagi}lm tbk|}abgt ag }cl vbv|ki}abg #a}

mbltg} |tl ig ls}lugik iudcaxl lsvkada}kq!

Ha}gltt itta`gjlg} at eitlm bg mbjagi}lm uigoag` #Ha`|ul 5*58! Clgdl+

tbk|}abgt dkbtlu }b }cl Viul}b hubg} uldlaxl i el}}lu ha}gltt

A} |tlt i dubpmag` mat}igdl lt}aji}abg it i tldbgm dbjviui}bu ag }cl

}b|ugijlg} tlkld}abg Tb+ pclg tbk|}abgt bh }cl tijl uigo #bu hubg}! iul

dbjviulm+ }cl bgl hubj }cl kltt dubpmlm ul`abg at tlkld}lm hbu ulvubm|d}abg

Ag dbg}uit}+ TVLI5 at eitlm bg i tka`c}kq jbul dbjvkadi}lm ha}gltt itta`gjlg} igm dk|t}luag`

jldcigatj+ lsvkiaglm ag ml}iak ag }cl gls} tld}abg TVLI5 cit ellg xluahalm }b vluhbuj

el}}lu }cig VILT igm it plkk it GT@I*AA ag }cl vubekljt t}|malm _548Z A} cit iktb ellg

mljbgt}ui}lm }ci} TVLI5 b|}vluhbujt GT@I*AA ag vubekljt pa}c kiu`l g|jelu bh

benld}axlt _54=Z H|u}clujbul+ Jbua l} ik _540Zdbjviulm TVLI5 igm GT@I*AA ag i

vuid}adik vubeklj #mat}uae|}abg gl}pbuo lsvigtabg vkiggag`! igm mljbgt}ui}lm }ci} TVLI5


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b|}vluhbujlm GT@I*AA ag }lujt bh }cl y|ika}q bh }cl tbk|}abg igm }cl dbjv|}i}abgik }ajl+ ag

}cl viu}ad|kiu vubekljt t}|malm

]cl JBLI ultliudc iuli at xluq id}axl igm }cl mlxlkbvjlg} bh i cat}buq bh JBLI at

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A Multi-objective Planning Framework for Analysing the Integration of Distributed Energy Resources

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