A multi-purpose, non-aqueous additive for

WMA and HMA

Sasobit® (Sasol International)Long chain Fischer-Tropsch waxLower viscosity of binder

Aspha-min® (Eurovia) & Advera® (PQ Corp)Granular zeolite crystalsWater released into mix causes foaming

Evotherm® (Meadwestvaco)Chemical package Can be delivered in form of high residue emulsion, as water based emulsifier solution, or as chemical that does not contain water

Overview on WMA Overview on WMA TechnologiesTechnologies

RedisetTM (Akzo-Nobel)Solid additive – pastilles - added to binder or mix Reduce viscosity of binder and hot mixSurface tension reduction and anti-stripping properties

WAM Foam (Shell & Kolo Veidekke)Coat aggregate with soft binder (1st stage)Coat with emulsion made with hard AC (2nd stage) Foaming

Double Barrel Green® System (Astec Industries)Water injected into mix during productionFoaming

New technologies are being introduced regularly

Overview on WMA Overview on WMA TechnologiesTechnologies

QualiThermQualiTherm

Goals:• reduce production and laying costs• reduce emissions to atmosphere• reduce energy-related costs• delay asphalt cement ageing• extend the production season into cooler weather• improve mix compaction in extreme conditions• achieve the same characteristics as those obtained from

a mix produced at normal temperatures!

QualiThermQualiTherm

PropertiesQualiTherm is a multi-purpose additive:• Liquid at temperatures as low as 5°F• Can be added directly to the bitumen in the storage tank or in line• Dosage ranging from 6 lb to 15 lb per bitumen ton, that is from 0.6

lbs to 1.4 lbs per yd3 of hot mix• It changes neither the chemical nor physical characteristics of the

binder, such as:– Penetration– Softening point – Viscosity

• Stable at storage in bitumen at 375 °F• More than 80 field tests done since 2002 in Europe, and over

600,000 tons in place in Canada and the United States since 2008

QualiThermQualiThermPropertiesProperties

67,264,6Penetr. (dmm)

4949R&B (°C)

70/100 Trecate +

0,5 QualiTherm

70/100 Trecate

0.1

1

10

100

80 100 120 140 160Temperature (°C)

Visc

osity

(Pa

s)

Neat bitumen

+ 0.5% QualiTherm

QualiThermQualiThermPropertiesProperties

PG 58-28 without QualiTherm

PG 61.1-28.2

PG 58-28 with 0.2% QualiThermPG 61.0-28.5

Minimal effect on PG grade properties

Binder Viscosity not significantly reduced0.293 Pa-s at 135oC with and without 0.2% QualiTherm

QualiThermQualiThermADVANTAGES

• Lower energy consumption (Taggr = 250 °F)• Increased production rates (up to 15%)• Reduced emissions to atmosphere• Allows mixes to be carried over longer

distances, thus reducing logistic problems• Laying possible even at severe temperatures• Facilitates manual laying operations• User friendly, does not require modifications to

the plant

QualiThermQualiThermTheorethicalTheorethical energy balanceenergy balance

Energy BalanceEnergy

consumption (kWh/ton mix)

Fuel consumption (lbs/ton mix)

Warm Mix(0,3 % QualiTherm)

(250°F)41.2 8.2

Hot Mix (320°F) 59.2 10.6

Savings 18 2.4

QualiThermQualiThermReduced emissions to atmosphereReduced emissions to atmosphere

Reduction of emissions. Data related to real production at a plant.

* 0,5 % QualiTherm on bitumen weight with addition of humid sands into the mixerN.B: Results depend on type of Hot Mix Plant

-87% (measured)Fine dusts

- 40% (measured)Nitrogen oxides (NOx )

-75%Volatile Organic Carbon (COV)

-25% (measured)Volatile hydrocarbons

- 35% (measured)Carbon dioxide (CO2)

QualiThermQualiThermuseuse

• Minimum installation costs

• Easy and flexible in use:

1 ton of QualiThermallows more than 3,500

tons of warm mix to be produced

QualiThermQualiThermproduction processproduction process

100% aggregates at 250°F Bitumen 320°F +

0,5 % QualiTherm

QualiThermQualiThermProduction processProduction process

Traditional hot mix: laying T= 285°F Warm mix: laying T= 195° F

QualiThermQualiThermField testsField tests

Poornon

compactable210- 20 %26550/70

Excellent5,07 %195- 30 %24050/70 + 0,5% QualiTherm

Excellent9,24 %2850%34050/70

Coating degree

% voidsLaying Temp.

°F

Fuel reduction

Aggreg.Temp.

°Fbinder

Core analysis after laying

QualiThermQualiThermEnergy saving (experimental testEnergy saving (experimental test))

@ 210° F ∆ stability = +327 kg ~ 32,7% more

MARSHALL STABILITY

750

850

950

1050

1150

1250

1350

1450

1550

90 100 110 120 130 140 150

TEMPERATURE ºC

STAB

ILIT

Y K

G

PEN 85/100

PEN 85/100 + 0.5% QUALITHERM

Mínimum1700 a 2500kg/cmStiffness

815 minkgStability

8 a 160.001 InchesFlow

3 a 5%Air Voids

Specifications

QualiThermQualiThermEnergy saving (experimental testEnergy saving (experimental test))

4% air voids @ 217° F with QualiTherm and @ 257°F without

2,5

3

3,5

4

4,5

5

5,5

90 100 110 120 130 140 150

TEMPERATURE (ºC)

AIR

VO

IDS

(%)

PEN 85/100

PEN 85/100 + 0.5 %QUALITHERM

Upper level

Lower Level1700 a 2500kg/cmStiffness

815 minkgStability

8 a 160.001 InchesFlow

3 a 5%Air Voids

Specifications

QualiThermQualiThermUse of RAP in the warm mixUse of RAP in the warm mix

Excellent20%195- 35%26550/70 + 0,5% QualiTherm

Excellent20%285-------34050/70

Coating %

RAP

Laying temp

°F

Fuel reduction

Mix temp.

°FBinder

Core analysis after laying

Oxford Road 4 Oxford Road 4 County of Oxford Job Site @ County of Oxford Job Site @ --1313°°CC

• Paving required over prepared granular base – Access required to Toyota plant over

winter and spring– Binder course required in 2007

• November-December 2007– Cold temperatures– Rain and snow

• Improved workability imparted by QualiTherm trialed as solution

Oxford Road 4 Oxford Road 4 County of Oxford Job Site @ 9County of Oxford Job Site @ 9°°FF

Oxford Road 4 Oxford Road 4 County of Oxford Job Site @ 9County of Oxford Job Site @ 9°°FF

• Lafarge Brantford Plant– 5 ton batch plant with baghouse

• PG 58-28 with 0.2% QualiTherm– Pre-dosed at Lafarge Millhaven

Terminal

• HL8 QualiTherm produced at ~311oF

Oxford Road 4 Oxford Road 4 County of Oxford Job Site @ 9County of Oxford Job Site @ 9°°FF

• Day 1– No issues - ambient temperatures above freezing

• Day 2– Freezing temperatures– Baghouse pulsator froze– Frozen material in cold feed bins– Affecting flow of material into mix– Production stopped to take corrective actions

• Corrective actions– Methyl hydrate added to pulsator air lines to thaw– Compressor – lower moisture– Cold feed bins covered with tarp to reduce wind

chill– Aggregate logistics coordinated to pull fresh

material from newly exposed face of pile at quarry– Aggregates monitored and any frozen

agglomerates were broken before they entered process

– Issues successfully resolved & production resumed

Oxford Road 4 Oxford Road 4 County of Oxford Job Site @ 9County of Oxford Job Site @ 9°°FF

• 35 km / 30 min haul to job site

• Mix arrived at ~295oF on site

• Mix temperature ranged between 295 –250oF during compaction

• Standard compaction equipment and rolling patterns– 12 ton vibratory breakdown roller (2-4

passes)– 22 ton pneumatic tired roller (6-8 passes)– 2 ton static steel finish roller (1-2 passes)

Oxford Road 4 Oxford Road 4 County of Oxford Job Site @ 9County of Oxford Job Site @ 9°°FF

• Paving crew commented that mix was easy to work with– Handled and raked like

conventional HMA

• On site testing with nuclear gauges– 92 – 97% compaction

• Some soft spots observed– Deficiencies in underlying base

Oxford Road 4 Oxford Road 4 County of Oxford Job Site @ 9County of Oxford Job Site @ 9°°FF

Sample JMF Nov 30 Dec 4 Dec 5 Dec 6 Dec 13 Dec 14 OPSS 1150 Sieve Size 26.5 mm 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100 19.0 mm 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 94 – 100 16.0 mm 94.6 95.8 96.7 95.7 94.2 94.8 97.2 77 – 95 13.2 mm 84.0 81.4 82.4 82.3 84.4 81.0 83.0 65 – 90 9.5 mm 63.7 61.6 64.4 61.0 67.0 60.4 61.7 48 – 78 4.75 mm 49.8 47.6 50.0 48.4 50.0 47.3 46.7 30 – 50 2.36 mm 38.8 35.6 36.5 35.6 36.1 33.5 35.6 21 – 50 1.18 mm 31.7 28.1 27.0 28.7 26.8 26.2 28.4 12 – 49 0.600 mm 18.0 17.7 16.6 18.0 16.0 17.2 17.7 6 – 38 0.300 mm 8.8 8.5 6.5 7.9 8.7 9.2 8.2 3 – 22 0.150 mm 6.2 5.7 3.5 4.6 6.2 6.5 5.6 1 – 9 0.075 mm 5.0 4.4 2.4 3.2 4.7 5.1 4.3 0 – 6 AC (%) 5.2 5.21 4.94 5.26 5.36 5.33 5.30 ≥ 4.7 Bulk Relative Density

2.401 2.405 2.365 2.404 2.390 2.423 2.416

Maximum Relative Density

2.508 2.500 2.490 2.497 2.501 2.497 2.490

Air Voids (%) 4.2 3.8 5.0 3.7 4.4 3.0 3.0 3 – 5

HL8 Nuclear Gauge HL8 Nuclear Gauge Field Compaction Results Field Compaction Results

Date Mean Stdev

Nov 30 94.4 1.22

Dec 4 96.2 0.38

Dec 5 94.1 0.95

Dec 6 94.4 1.30

In Service PerformanceIn Service Performance

• Site visit in April 2008– After 1st winter– 4 months service

• Pavement has held up

• Some deficiencies– Sections have rippled surface– Believed to have been caused by poor

granular base compaction and paving in 1 lift– Significant water accumulation in low lying

areas on both sides of road

• Pavement successfully provided access to County Rd 4 and Toyota through winter and spring

In Service PerformanceIn Service Performance

• Project Completed in Summer 2008

• HL8 QualiTherm Base covered with 50 mm HL4 surface mix

• Widening completed with 2 x 50 mm lifts of HL4 – Control

• Performing well 1 year after HL8 QualiTherm was placed

Moving ForwardMoving Forward

• Projects completed utilizing QualiTherm in variety of applications

– WMA / RAP – Densification Improvement– Improved Workability– Cold Weather Paving

SummarySummary

• Benefits of Warm Mix Asphalt Technology– Lower mixing & compaction temperatures– Lower fuel consumption, visible emissions, and odors– Reduced binder aging– Longer haul distances and extension of paving season

into cold weather• Range of WMA technologies

– New technologies emerging• QualiTherm WMA Technology

– Non-Aqueous (no water) liquid– Bitumen properties unchanged – interfacial phenomenon– Either in-line or pre-dosed into bitumen at low levels