A Multipurpose Accelerator Driven System for R&D

8/11/2019 A Multipurpose Accelerator Driven System for R&D

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SCKCENAccelerators for Future spallation sources: ESS, MYRRHA and the ISIS upgrade

Cockcroft Institute, UK December 12th 2013

MYRRHA

Multipurpose hYbrid Research Reactor for High-tech Applications

MYRRHA: a multipurposeAccelerator Driven System forResearch & Development

Roberto Salemme

ADT SCKCEN


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MYRRHA - Accelerator Driven System

Accelerator

particles protons

beam energy 600 MeV

beam current 2.4 to 4 mA

mode CWMTBF > 250 h

2

FastNeutronSource

MultipurposeFlexible

IrradiationFacility

Reactor

power ~85 MWth

keff 0.955

spectrum fast (flexible)

fuel MOXcoolant LBE

ADS demonstrator: transmutation concept

Flexible fast neutron spectrum irradiation facility:for GEN-IV materials (fission, fusion)

Neutron irradiated silicon

Radioisotopes for nuclear medicine

Fundamental research

Targetmain reaction spallation

output 21017 n/s

material LBE (coolant)

power 2.4 MW


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Partitioning & Transmutation

3

Storage (to wait) vs. treatment (to use natureagainst nature):

To reduce radiotoxicity of MAs, we can to fission them The ratio Fission/Capture is more favorable with fast

neutrons

To reduce radiotoxicity of LLFPs, they should undergo

several neutron captures

Spent nuclear fuel currentEU strategy is:

Onsite in-pool cooling (up to 10yrs)

Reprocessing in (few) centralized anddedicated plants (1yr): here U&Pu isremoved from the spent fuel

Disposal:

Superficial for LLW and ILW (halflives ~103 yrs)

Geological for HLW (half lives ~ 106

yrs)


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Nuclear waste: transmutation impact

4

DurationReduction: 1000x

VolumeReduction: 100x

Time (years)

Nuclear wastetransmutation

Spent fuelreprocessing and

disposal

Noreprocessing

US DOE exstimation, LWR fuel,burn-up: 50 GWd/MT, 5 years in-

pool cooling


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ADS reactor: rather a necessitythan a virtue

5

Critical reactors aswell as ADS can beused as MAstransmuters

Nevertheless,critical reactors,heavily loaded withMAs, canexperience severe

safety issue due toreactivity effectinduced by asmaller fraction ofdelayed neutrons

ADS can operate ina more flexible andsafer manner evenif heavily loadedwith MAs


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MYRRHA: not only ADS

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Waste

Fission GEN IVFusion

Fundamentalresearch

Silicondoping

Radioisotopes

= 1 to 5.1014 n/cm.s

(ppm He/dpa ~ 10)

in medium-large volumesMaterial research

Fast = 1 to 5.1014 n/cm.s

(En>1 MeV) in large volumes

Fuel researchtot = 0.5 to 1.10

15 n/cm.s

th = 0.5 to 2.1015 n/cm.s

(En


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Project Timeline

7

2010-2014R&D &Front EndEngineering

Design

2019On siteassembly

2016-2018Construction ofcomponents &civil engineering

2015Tendering &Procurement

2020-2022Commissioning

2023Progressivestart-up

2024-Full

exploitation

FEED(Front EndEngineering

Design)

Minimisetechnological

risks

Securethe licensing

Secure asound

managementand

investmentstructure

PDPpreliminarydismantling

plan

PSARpreliminary

safetyassesment

EIARenvironmental

impactassesment

CentralProjectTeam

OwnerEngineering

Team

OwnerConsortium

Group

2010-2014


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Project budget

8

Belgium 60 M(12 M/y x 5 y)

2nd phase (11 y)

others 576 M

Belgium 324 M

(36 M/y x 9 y)

Consortium


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MYRRHA accelerator: background

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End 90s: several collaborative R&D activities worldwide on ADS accelerators(APT/AAA, TRASCO, etc. w/ especially a CEA/CNRS/INFN collaboration)

2001: The European roadmap for developing ADS for Nuclear Waste Incineration,European Technical Working Group on ADS

(chaired by C. Rubbia, ENEA) 2002: pre-design MYRRHA Draft 1 (cyclotron 350 MeV)

2002-2004: MYRRHA is studied as one of the 3 reactor designs within thePDS-XADS FP5 project (coord. Framatome/AREVA)(cyclotron turns into linac, first reliability analyses show a need for fault-tolerance

capability)


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2005: updated pre-design MYRRHA Draft 2 (linac 350 MeV)

2005-2010: MYRRHA is studied as the XT-ADS demo within theEUROTRANS FP6 project (coord. FZK)(600 MeV linac conceptual design, R&D activities w/ focus on reliability)

2010: MYRRHA is on the ESFRI list, and officially supported by the Belgiumgovernment at a 40% level (384M, w/ 60M already engaged)

2010-2014: MYRRHA accelerator advanced design phase w/ support from theEURATOM FP7 projects (CDT, FREYA, MAX especially)

2015-2019: possible construction phase

2020-2023: possible commissioning phase & progressive start-up

MYRRHA accelerator: background

10


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MYRRHA Accelerator: current characteristics

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Proton energy 600 MeV

Peak beam current 0.1 to 4.0 mA

Repetition rate CW, 250 Hz

Beam duty cycle 10-4 to 1

Beam power stability < 2% on a time scale of 100ms

Beam footprint on reactor window Circular 85mmBeam footprint stability < 10% on a time scale of 1s

# of allowed beam trips on reactor longer than3 sec

10 maximum per 3-month operationperiod

# of allowed beam trips on reactor longer than0.1 sec 100 maximum per day

# of allowed beam trips on reactor shorterthan 0.1 sec

unlimited

High

power

proton

beam (up

to

2.4

MW)

Extreme reliability level:

MTBF

>

250

hrs


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Beam power: comparison

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Existing NCmachines

Under

construction

NC

machines

Existing SCmachines

UnderconstructionSCmachines

Planned SCmachines

Only

2

machines

worldwide

at

the

MW

level

=

PSI&SNS

JL.Biarrotte,Proc.SRF2013


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Beam trips rate: comparison

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D.Vandeplassche,Proc.IPAC2012


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MYRRHA Accelerator: design key-points

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Reliable: extremely high Mean Time BetweenFailures (MTBF) > 250 hrs

Continuous: CW beam delivery

Powerful: 1 to 4 mA beam current, high power

Fault Tolerance:

Solid design: robust optics, derating, usecomponents far from their technological limits Solid State (SS) RF amplifiers

Modular DC power supplies

Digital Low Level RF (LLRF) control

Redundancy, with Parallel scheme in the injector: frozen optics

Serial scheme in the High Energy LINAC: modularstructures

Reparability (short MTTR) to guarantee high

availability

Superconductivity:

high beam current handling compact

lower power consumptionin CW

large beam apertures withsmall losses

D.Vandeplassche,Proc.IPAC2011

It's not that I'm so smart, it's just that I stay with problems longer.

A. Einstein


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MYRRHA Accelerator: design choices

protons: 24 mA, CW, 600 MeVMYRRHA

5 cell Elliptical704 MHz

2 gap Spoke352 MHz

80.8MeV

184.4MeV

600MeV

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Doubled Injector, multicellstructures, up to 17 MeV @176.1 MHz:

ECR ion source, 30 keV

LEBT

4-rod RFQ, 1.5 MeV

RT-CH, 3.5 MeV

SC-CH, 17 MeV

Superconducting LINAC, modular,individually controlled cavities, warmquadrupoles doublets and diagnostics:

=0.375 =0.510

17 MeV

=0.705

Injectors

176 MHz


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MYRRHA + ISOL@MYRRHA

Pure and intense RIBsof ~5060 keV

Low-resolutionmass separator

RFQ cooler and

buncher

High-resolution massseparator

Beamkicker

Ruggedized target:e.g. Ta, UC/C

Sustainable 1+ ion

source

ISOL@MYRRHA

MYRRHA

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protons: 24 mA, CW with200s/250Hz interruptions, 600 MeV

5 cell Elliptical704 MHz

600MeV

2 gap Spoke352 MHz

80.8MeV

184.4MeV

=0.375 =0.510

17 MeV

=0.705

Injectors

176 MHz

Experiments:

nuclear physics

condensed matter

atomic physics

fundamental Interactions

life science (production ofradioisotopes alpha emitters)

L.Popescu,Proc.AccApp 2013


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Beam structure: LEBT chopper timing

t

t

ISOLextraction

kicker cycle

Choppercycle

200 s

5 s 5 s

4 ms (250 Hz)

5+a s 5+b s

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Beam delivery:

for reactor subcritical monitoring 200 s/250 Hz beaminterruptions are required

using an extraction kicker, 600 MeV, 190 s/250 Hz beam pulsesbecome available for an ISOL facility

From the chopper point of view, a very special duty cycle is foreseen!

Possibility to modulate intensity delivered to reactor or ISOL

MPS beam cut-out system


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Superconducting LINAC: fault recovery scheme

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1) A failure is detected somewhere

Beam is stopped by the MPS in the injector at t0

2) The fault is localized in a SC cavity RF loop

Need for an efficient fault diagnostic system

3) New V/set-points are updated to cavitiesadjacent to the failed one

Set-points determined via virtualaccelerator application and/or at thecommissioning phase

4) The failed cavity is detuned (to avoid the beam loading effect)

Using the Cold Tuning System 5) Once steady state is reached, beam is resumed at t1

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A Multipurpose Accelerator Driven System for R&D

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