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A Nation Divided Against Itself
Objective:
• Evaluate the final catalysts that sparked the Civil War.
The Election of 1860
• As the election approached, it became clear of two things– 1. The majority of Northerners would not
accept leadership by a Southerner– 2. The Southerners announced that they
would not accept a leader from the antislavery Republicans
• So who would. . .or could. . .be President?
The Contenders
• For the Democrats:
From the SouthPro Slavery
From the NorthPopular Sovereignty Represented the
Border statesModerate
Delaware
Maryland
Missouri
Kentucky
For the Republicans…
The Election
• No longer national political parties– The division between
North and South was beyond repair
• Southern Ballots were between Bell and Breckinridge
• Northerners voted for Lincoln or Douglas
The Results
The Lower South Secedes
• Southerners were outraged – Secessionists, those who
wanted the South to leave the Union
• Join voluntarily, leave voluntarily
• Knew Republicans could legally get rid of slavery
• December 20, 1860: SC secedes
The Confederate States of America
• Shortly after SC seceded, the other Lower South States followed
• Created a new nation:• The Confederate
States of America (the Confederacy)
– Jefferson Davis
Attempt for Prevention
• Last-Minute compromises fail:– Sen. John J Crittenden (KY) proposed a plan
where slavery would be recognized under 36°30’ N
• President-Elect Lincoln convinced the Senate to reject it
– Horace Greeley proposed letting the states secede in peace
• Offended Union supporter and businessmen
– How could the US continue to function if its members could come and go as they please?
Lincoln Becomes President
• At his inauguration, Lincoln stated:– 1) Civil war was in the hands of the people,
while he was responsible to preserve, protect and defend the US
– 2) He would not attack the South, if a war was going to start he would let them be the aggressors
– 3) Promised to defend the property of the Government
Fort Sumter
• Fort Sumter : Union fort off Charleston, SC– The CSA had fired on
supply ships– Lincoln attempts aid– CSA calls for the surrender
of Fort Sumter• April 12, 1861: Gen. P.G.T.
Beauregard fires on the fort– Sumter is forced to Surrender
The War Begins
– Lincoln calls for troops to prepare for war, – The South views this as a hostile act---
declaring war on the US– The Upper South Secedes and joins the 8
states of the Confederacy (12 in all)
Question: Could the Union be restored through force?
In Review:
• How did the election of 1860 demonstrate the split between the North and the South?
• What concerns led the Lower South to secede from the Union?
• What event started the Civil War?