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8/9/2019 A new coin type for Offa / C.E. Blunt, G. van der Meer
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Berichten
van de
Rijksdienst
voor
het
Oudheidkundig Bodemonderzoek
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A F K O R T I N G E N
AE
L'Anne'e
Epigraphique
Ant.
Class, UAntiquiU Classique
Ant.
Journ.
Antiquaries
Journal
APL
Analec ta Praehistorica
Leidemia
Arch. Journ. Archaeological
Journal
AWN Archeologische
Werkgemeenschap voor
Nederland
BAI
Biologisch-Archaeologisch Inst ituu t,
Groningen
BJ
Banner Jahrbiicher
BMC
H. Mattingly
1965:
Coins
of the Roman
Empire
in the British Museum, i, London
BomM Bonnefantenmuseum, Maastricht
BRGK Bericht der Romisch-Germanischen
Komrnission
BROB
Berichten van de Rijksdienst
voor
het
Oudheidkundig Bodemonderzoek
CIL
Corpus Inscriptionum
Latinarum
D H.
Dessau 1892-916:
Inscriptiones
Latinae
selectae, i—in,
Berolini
EE
Ephemeris epigraphica
ER A.W.
Byvanck
1931-47: Excerpta Romana; de
brannen der Romeinsdw geschiedenis van
.Nederland, i—in, s-Gravenhage
HKC
P.V. Hill, J.P.C.
Kent/R.A.G,
Carson 1965:
Late Roman B ronze Coinage, London
IPEK
J
ahrbuch
fur
prfihistorische
un d ethnographische
Kunst
IPP Instituut
voor
Prae- en
Protohistorie,
Amsterdam
JM P
Jaarboek voor Munt-
en Penningkunde
JRS
Journal of
Roman Studies
JVT
Jaanerslag
van de
Vereeniging
voor
Terpenonderzoek
MA Medieval Archaeology
NAP
Nieuw
Amsterdams
Peil (Dutch Datum
Level)
NDV Nieuwe Drents(ch)e Volksalmanak
NKNOB Nieuwsbulletin van de Koninklijke
Nederlandse
Oudheidkundige Bond
OML N.R.
Oudheidkundige Mededelingen
uit he t
Rijksmuseum
van
Oudheden
te
Leiden, Nieuwe Reeks
PIR
1 Prosopographia imperil
Romani
saec.
I. II. Ill
Mil, Berolini 1897-8
PIR® Prosopographia imperil Romani saec, I. II.
Ill
a,
AufL,
Berolini 1933-66
PPS Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society
P
Praehistorische
^eitschrift
RB.N Revue Beige
de .Numismatique
RE Paulys Realencyclopadie der classischen
Altertumswissenschaft,
Neue Bearbeitung
von
G. Wissowa, W. Kroll, K. Mittelhaus,
K,
Ziegler
RIB R.G. Collingwood/R.P. Wright
1965:
The
Roman
Inscriptions
of Britain
i; Inscriptions
on
Stone, Oxford
RIG
J.W.E. Pearce
1951: The
Roman
Imperial
Coinage,
ix,
London
RMO Rijksmuseum van Oudheden, Leiden
RN
Revue Numismatique
RNB
Revue Numismatique Beige
ROB Rijksdienst voor het Oudheidkundig
Bodemonderzoek
(State
Archeological Servi
TAG
Tijdschrift
van het Koninklijk Nederlands(ch)
Aardrijkskundig
Genootschap
N O O T
Het aardewerk is op
schaal
i : 4 afgebeeld, tenzij
anders
aan
geven;
de
profielen
van het handgevormde aardewerk
zijn
w
die van gedraaid aardewerk zijn zwart getekend.
Unless
otherwise stated, the pottery is drawn to a scale of
1
the
profiles
of hand-made pottery are represented in white
wheel-made
pottery
in
black.
Omslagtekening: Badorf-pot uit Dorestad
Cover
drawing: Badorf jug from Dorestad
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B E R I G H T E N
V AN DE
R I J KSDIENST
VOOR HET
O U D H E I D K U N D I G
B O D E M O N D E R Z O E K
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Staatsuitgeverij —
s-Gravenhage
1970
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Berichten van de Rijksdienst
voor het Oudheidkundig Bodemonderzoek
Proceedings of the State Service
for Archeological Investigations
in the Netherlands
jaargang 19,
1969
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R E D A G T I E
W.A. van Es, H. Halbertsma, J.F. van Regteren
Altena en W.G. Mank
Adres:
Rijksdienst
voor
he t
Oudheidkundig Bodem-
onderzoek, Kleine
Haag
2, A mersfoort, Nederland
Grafische
verzorging:
Aart Verhoeven, s-Gravenhage,
en
H.J. Bloklander, ROB Amersfoort
8/9/2019 A new coin type for Offa / C.E. Blunt, G. van der Meer
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INHOUD
Artikelen
J.A.
Brongers, Ancient Old-World Trepanning
Instruments
7
G.
J.
Verwers,
The
Beginning
of the
Late Bronze
Age
in the
Lower Rhine Area
17
J.E. Bogaers, Cohortes Breucorum
27
W.
J.T. Peters,
Mural
Painting Fragments Found
in
the Roman Legionary Fortress at
Nijmegen u 51
J.H.F. Bloemers, Ein
spatromischer
Goldmunzen-
fund aus
Obbicht,
Prov. Limburg 73
P.E. van Schie-Herweijer,
Solidi
of
Valens, Anasta-
sius, and
Maurice Tiberius
from
Scharnegoutum,
Prov. Friesland
81
J. Ypey, Zur Tragweise
fruhfrankischer
Giirtelgar-
nituren auf Grund
niederlandischer Befunde
89
W.A. van Es, Early-Medieval Hand-made Pottery
from Den
Burg, Texel, Prov. North Holland
129
P. Schmid, Die Siedlungskeramik von Mucking
(Essex) un d
Feddersen Wierde (Kr. Wesermunde)
Ein
Formenvergleich 135
M.U. Jones, Saxon Pottery
from a Hut at
Mucking,
Essex;
with contributions by J.N.L. Myres and
Vera I. Evison
145
Vera
I.
Evison, Five Anglo-Saxon Inhumation
Graves Containing Pots at Great
Ghesterford,
Essex;
with a contribution by J.N.L. Myres 157
S.E. West,
Pagan
Saxon Pottery
from
West Stow,
Suffolk
175
W.A. van Es, Excavations at Dorestad; a Pre-
preliminary Report: 1967-1968 183
W. van Zeist, Agriculture in Early-Medieval
Dorestad; a Preliminary Report 209
G.E.
Blunt and G. van der Meer, A New Coin
Type
f o r O f f a 2 1
H.H. van Regteren Altena and H.
Sarfatij,
A Late-
Medieval Site at Diernen, Prov. North
Holland;
with
contributions
by A.
Voorrips
215
H.H. van Regteren Altena and H.J. Zantkuyl, A
Medieval House Site in Amsterdam; with contribu-
tions by W. Groenman-van Waateringe,
J P
Pals,
A.T. Glason, and L.H. van Wijngaarden-Bakker 233
Korte berichten
A.D. Verlinde,
Three
New
Bell-Beakers from
the
Netherlands
269
L.Th. Lehmann, Urn or Food Vessel 27
R.S.
Hulst,
A Bronze Age Settlement at
Elst,
Prov.
Utrecht
27
S.L. Wynia, EinTerra-sigillata-BodenmitGemmen-
stempel aus
Vechten
279
R.S. Hulst
and
Marianne Maaskant-Kleibrink,
A
2nd-Century
Grave with Iron Intaglio Ring
from
Wijchen, Prov. Gelderland 28
W.A.
van Es,
Another Late-Roman Gold
and
Silver Pin 28
E.H.P. Gordfunke, Roman and Early-Medieval
Pottery
from
Limmen, Prov. North Holland
29
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AUTEUR S
J.H.F. Bloemers,
ROB Kleine Haag 2,
Am ersfoort
C.E. Blunt, Ramsbury Hill, Ramsbury, near
Marlborough,
Wilts.,
England
J.E. Bogaers, Instituut voor Oude Geschiedenis
en
Archeologie, Begijnenstraat
29 ,
Nijmegen
J.A. Brongers, ROB Kleine
Haag
2,
Amersfoort
A.T. Clason, BAI Poststraat 6, Groningen
E.H.P. Cordfunke,
Hobbemalaan
14,
Alkmaar
W.A.
van Es,
ROB Kleine
Haag 2,
Amersfoort
Vera
I.
Evison, Birkbeck
College, Malet
Street,
London
w.c.i,
England
W.
Groenman-van Waateringe,
IPP,
Nieuwe
Prinsengracht
39-41,
Amsterdam
R.S. Hulst,
ROB
Kleine Haag
2, Amersfoort
M.U.Jones, 51 ,
St Stephen s H ouse, Victoria
Embankment, London s.w.i, England
L.Th.
Lehmann,
Amstel
9,
Amsterdam
Marianne
Maaskant-Kleibrink, Koninklijk
Penningkabinet, Zeestraat 7ib, s-Gravenhage
G. van. d er
Meer, Koninklijk Penningkabinet,
Zeestraat 7ib, s-Gravenhage
J.N.L. Myres, Manor House, Kennington, Oxford,
England
J.P.
Pals, IPP , Nieuwe Prinsengracht
39-41,
Amsterdam
W.J.T.
Peters, Instituut voor Oude Geschiedenis
en
Archeologie, Begijnenstraat 29, Nijmegen
H.H. van Regteren A ltena, IPP, Nieuwe Prinsengracht 19,
Amsterdam
H. Sarfatij, ROB
Kleine
Haag 2, Amersfoort
P.E. van Schie-Herweijer, Keetberglaan 222, IJmuid
(Zeewijk)
P. Schmid, Nieders achs. Landesinstitut fur
Marsche
un d
Wurtenforschung,
Viktoriastrafie
26-28,
Willemshaven,
Deutschland
A.D. V erlinde,
ROB
Kleine Haag 2, Amersfoort
G.J. Verwers, Instituut voor
Prehistoric,
Breestraat
Leiden
A.
Voorrips, IPP, Nieuwe Prinsengracht
19,
Amsterd
S.E. West,
2, The
Street, Woolpit, Bury
St
Edmund
Suffolk, England
L.H. van Wijngaarden-B akker, IPP, Nieuwe
Prinsengracht
39-41,
Amsterdam
S.L. Wynia, Archeologisch Instituut
de r
Vrije
Universiteit, D e Boelelaan 1105, Amsterdam-
Buitenveldert
J.
Ypey,
ROB
Kleine
Haag 2, Amersfoort
H.J. Z antku yl, Gemeentelijk Bureau Monum entenz
Dirk van Hasseltsteeg 51-53, Amsterdam
W. van
Zeist,
BAI
Poststraat
6,
Groningen
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C.E.
B L U N T / G .
V A N D E R
M E E R
A N e w Coin
Type
for
Offa
fig. i; pi.xxv
Tho ugh there is good reason to believe that we still have
mu ch to learn about Offa s coinage
1
, th e appearance of a
new type by a hitherto unrecorded moneyer is something
exceptional.
It is,
therefore, with
a
very
real
sense
of
gratitude that we acknowledge the courtesy of the
Koninklijk
Penningkabinet a t The Hague and of the
Rijksdienst voor
het
Oudheidkundig Bodemonderzoek
in
allowing us to record the coin illustrated above, and we
are part icularly indebted to the Director of the latter,
Professor W.A. van Es, and to Mr. R.I. Page, of Cam-
bridge, who has carefully studied the runic inscription
and given us the benefit of his views on it.
The coin was
found
on 26 Ma rch
1968,
in excavations
being carried
out by the
RO B
a t
Wijk
bi j
Duurstede.
It was
unea rthed in a disturbed layer in level 3 of trench 26, and
nothing
was
found
in association with it. The
obverse
bears the name of the great Anglo-Saxon
King
Offa
(757-
96), Charlemagne s contemporary, and the runic in-
scription
of the
reverse reveals
t he
n a me
of a new
moneyer
for this king.
It may be
described
as follows:
Obverse: Legend O F F A the o lozenge-shaped, the A
chevron-barred. The name is set in a concave panel with
three pellets in each corner. Above and below are two
arches of a similarly curved tressure with pellets inside.
Either side of the pa nel is what appears to be a leaf placed
vertically. The whole is contained within a linear circle.
Reverse: A
runic inscription, which
is
discussed below.
Design generally similar
to the
obverse,
but
there
are no
sides to the
centre panel.
O ne bar of the
runic d
is
con-
tinued
top and bottom, to
join
a linear circle which
contains
th e
design.
Weight: 1.17
g.
T he ru nic inscription is not entirely clear. M r. Page would
Fig.i Wijk bij
Duurstede: Coin
of Offa,
reverse
runic in-
scription
be inclined to read it Ednoth, but is puzzled by the two
seemingly
quite
deliberate
hooks
at the
foot
of the first
letter. These are abnormal and their
significance
is not
clear. H owever, it is jus t possible that the first element in
th e
name might
be
intended
to
combine
th e
rune
for the
letter e with runic ea th e latter inverted.
This would produce the name Eadnoth.
T he absence of the royal title on the obverse will b e
noted.
This, though exceptional on
Offa s
coins, is occasionally
found
2
.
The
possibility that
the
coin might
be a
continental
imitation of a coin of O ffa s was first considered, but was
rejected on two
grounds. First, there
is no
known prototype
for
obverse or reverse
from
which it could have been
copied (not, however,
a
conclusive argument, because,
as
already explained, ou r knowledge of Offa s
coinage
is
manifestly
incomplete);
th e
second,
that th e
runic letter
d
is of a type much more common in England than
outside it.
i See C.E. Blunt, The
Coinage
of
Of fa ,
in: R.H.M. Dolley
(ed.) ,
Anglo-Saxon Coins Studies
presented
to
P M
Stenton
London
1961, 46 .
2 E.g. on
nos.
7, 30, 38, 46, and 48,
illustrated
in
Anglo-Saxon
Coins
pis.
iv and v.
213
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C . E . B L U N T AN D G. VAN DER M E E K / A New Coin
Type
fo r Offa
If it is
English,
th e
runic inscription associates
it
with
other coins of Offa w ith runic legends which are attributed
to
East Anglia
3
.
Of the five moneyers who, it has been suggested, worked
for Offa in an East Anglian m int, the nam es of two, Lul
and Wihtred, are found also on coins struck in the name
of
a historically unknow n King E adw ald, who may ha ve
occupied the East Anglian throne for a short period after
3 Ibid.
4g-so,
and 59.
4
Ibid.
50.
Offa s death
4
. Only one other moneyer is known to
worked for
this King
and his
n a me
is
Eadnoth.
Tw
possibly three) of his coins have survived
5
. The new
from Wijk bij Duurstede thus fits very neatly int
East Anglian group of
Offa s
coins and the f ac t th
obverse
is not of the three-line type suggests that it
of
hi s latest issue, introduced some four years befo
death.
5 C f.
Bri t ish Numismatic Journa l 1969, 182-3, where
a
s
modified
version of this
note
has been
published.
214
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C E B L U N T
A N D G . V A N D E R
M E E R
A N e w Coin Type f or O f f a
W i j k bi j Du u r s te d e: Co in of O f f a w i th r e v e r se e n l a r ge d