Date post: | 18-May-2015 |
Category: |
News & Politics |
Upload: | coalition-for-space-exploration |
View: | 567 times |
Download: | 1 times |
1
Ed Crawley
April 2010
A New Exploration Strategy
2
Why We Explore
• More tangible benefits:–Credible plans for science
– Technology for space and Earth
– Economic development and industrial capability
– Exploration Preparation
• Less tangible benefits– U.S. leadership of international ventures
– Engagement of the public
– Inspiration of the youth, and excitement about STEM
3
A Space Faring Civilization
• We explore to chart a path for human expansion into the solar system.
• Mars should be the ultimate destination for that exploration in the inner solar system
• Staying on Mars, and extending human civilization within the solar system should be the ultimate goal.
• This will require a lengthy commitment.
• But it is time to begin.
These goals should drive destinations and systems
4
Moon
MarsISS
Starting Point
ISS
Moon
Mars
ISS
Moon
Mars
Flexible Path
Flexible Path
Flexible Path
Moon
MarsISS
MoonFlexible
Path
Flexible Path
High Level Decision Evolution of the Committee
5
A New Strategy for Exploration, in Close Cooperation with Robotics
Goal – Expand beyond the Earth – Moon system as quickly as possible, develop the capability to live and work in free space, gather science knowledge and support science operations
• Travel to many places in the inner solar system but initially not walk on the surface
• For locations and small bodies, rendezvous and explore much like encountering the ISS or a Hubble repair
• For larger bodies, crew arrives in vicinity, scans, sends down telerobotic probes, explores through robots, collects samples launched by robots
• Explore many sites in the Solar System with essentially the same space systems
L4
L2
L1
L3
L5
Phobos & Deimos
Earth
Moon
Venus
Mars
NEOs
Sun - EarthL1
Sun - EarthL2
Review of US Human Space Flight Plans CommitteeA strategy that is flexible, enabled by capability and guided by discovery
6
Mass, Energy & Time Considerations
Total Mission Change in Velocity from Low Earth Orbit (Kilometers/sec)
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Lunar Surface
Near Earth Objects
Martian Moons
Surface of Mars
Incr
easi
ng
Mas
s in
Lo
w E
arth
orb
it (
mt)
Incr
easi
ng
Mis
sio
n D
ura
tio
n (
Day
s)
Earth MoonLagrange
Points
Lunar Orbit
Earth Sun Lagrange
Points
Mars Flyby
Flexible Path Lunar Mars
7
Planning Flexibility on the Flexible Path to Mars and Moon
8
Value Proposition for Flexible Path
Destination Public Engagement
Science HumanResearch
Exploration Preparation
Lunar Flyby/Orbit
Return to Moon, “any time we want”
Demo of human robotic operation
10 days beyond radiation belts
Beyond LEO shakedown
Earth Moon L1
“Onramp to the inter-planetary highway”
Ability to service ES L2 s/c at EM L1
21 days beyond the belts
Ops at potential fuel depot
Earth SunL2
First human in “deep space” or “Earth escape”
Ability to service ES L2 s/c at ES L2
32 days beyond the belts
Potential servicing, test airlock
Earth SunL1
First human “in the solar wind”
Potential for Earth/Sun science
90 days beyond the belts
Potential servicing, test in-space hab
NEO’s “Helping protect the planet”
Geophysics, Astrobiology, Sample return
190-220 day, similar to Mars transit
Encounters with small bodies, sample handling, resource utilization
Mars Flyby First human “to Mars”
Human robotic operations, sample return?
440 days, similar to Mars out and return
Robotic ops, test of planetary cycler concepts
Mars Orbit Humans “working at Mars and touching bits of Mars”
Mars surface sample return
780 days, full trip to Mars
Joint robotic/human exploration and surface ops, sample testing,
Mars Moons Humans “landing on another moon”
Mars moons’ sample return
780 days, full rehearsal Mars exploration
Joint robotic/human surface and small body exploration
9
Flexible Path to Mars and MoonMilestones, Destinations & Capabilities
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 118
Lunar Sortie Flights
Lunar Extended Duration
Site1
Site2
Site3
Site4
Site5
Human Lunar Return
1st Habitat Flight
Year
7 Days
32Days
UnpilotedLunar Test
LunarFlyby
NEO (2007 UN12)
10 Days
EarthMoon
L1
Sun Earth
L2
Sun Earth
L1
90Days
190 Days
First Humans to
NEOs
Humans in Interplanetary
Space21
Days
Humans in Cislunar Space
Sun Earth Vicinity
Near Earth
Human to Mars Vicinity
MarsFlyby
440 Days
NEO (2008 EA9)
190 Days
Mars Vicinity
Phobos
9 10 11
780 Days
Inner Solar System
MarsFlyby
440 DaysOption
10
Timelines of the Three Less Constrained Lunar Options
2010 2020 2030
Ares I + Orion
Flights in low - Earth orbit
Ares V
Option 3 Variant: With Technology and ISS Extension
Shuttle
Lunar LandingFlights to the International Space Station
2010 2020 2030
Commercial Crew to low – Earth orbit
EELV Derived
Option 5B: Flexible Path – EELV Heritage MoonOrbit
EarthEscape
NEO MarsFlyby
Shuttle
Flights to the International Space Station
LunarLanding
11
$ CapsuleBooster
LanderSurface Systems
In space elements
Moon Flexible Path Time
$
Surface SystemsLander
CapsuleBooster
TimeMoon Flexible Path
In space elements
$ CapsuleBooster Lander
Surface SystemsIn space elements
Moon Flexible Path Time
Development and Ops Cost Phasing: Lunar vs. Flexible
DDT&E
DDT&E
DDT&E Plus Ops
• 2010’s – operate the ISS, build the deep space systems
• 2020’s – operate the deep space systems, build the planetary systems
• 2030’s – operate the planetary systems
12
Summary of Benefits
• Faster start
• New destinations
• Regular cadence of exploration
• Deep space capability
• Authentic synthesis of humans and robotics
• Opportunities for interesting science
• Phase development profile
• Engaging for international partners
• Generational change
• Progress toward our ultimate goal
13
A Space Faring Civilization
• We explore to chart a path for human expansion into the solar system.
• Mars should be the ultimate destination for that exploration.
• Staying on Mars, and extending human civilization within the solar system should be the ultimate goal.
• This will require a lengthy commitment.
• But it is time to begin.