A New South and a New Georgia

Chapter 14

Chapter 14 Section 1 Vocabulary

1. Monopoly

2. Laissez-faire

3. Sherman Anti-trust Act

4. Suburbs

American Modernization• The US experienced tremendous growth

and change

• Monopolies developed in many industries– Steel, RR, telephone, farm equipment

– Sugar, fruit, vegetables

Laissez-faire Attitude• Government “leave it alone” approach to

problems of industrialization

• Made a few very wealthy, many stayed poor

• Congress passed the Sherman Antitrust Act– 1890-outlawed attempts to create monopolies

Modern America• Alexander Bell improved communication

– telegraph, telephone

Edison found a way to provide electricity to many– 1882-opened a power plant in New

York City– Electric street cars made it possible to

travel greater distances faster

Urbanization • Millions of European immigrants came

to the United States

– Towns and cities grew rapidly– Very few settled in the South because of lack of

jobs

• Those who could settled the suburbs

– Got away from over-population, filth, disease, noise

Section 2 Vocabulary

5. New South

6. Henry Grady

7. Lost Cause Movement

8. Lint head

9. Market Town

10.booster

New South Movement

A group of leaders who:

• Promoted industry in the South

• Grow more food crops

• Wanted to rely less on cash crops – Cotton– tobacco

Henry W. Grady• Atlanta Journal Constitution (AJC) editor

• Leader of New South Movement with:– John B. Gordon– Joseph Brown– Alfred Colquitt

• Politicians (governor and senators)

• Insisted whites were top of social order

• Promoted economic change

• Coined the phrase

Lost Cause Movement• Opposed New South Movement

• Confederate veterans, Southerners

• Could not accept the Old South was gone

• Did not care for:– Large cities– Capitalism– Mass production– modernization

Cotton Mills

• Employed white farmers, people in Piedmont region, whole families

• When cotton lint stuck to hair and clothes, they were called “lintheads”

• Looked down upon

• Leaders encouraged mill

business for economy

New South & Other Industries

• Besides cotton:– Tobacco– Steel– Timber– Coal– Cottonseed

New South & Agriculture

• Wanted small, self-sufficient farms to replace plantations

• However, large plantations made a few men wealthy while workers stayed poor*Sharecropping encouraged this

Could not grow food crops– Forced to buy food and supplies from landowners

– Stayed in debt

– Had to grow cash crops (like cotton, tobacco)

– Easily sold

– Pay on debt

New South & Railroads• Mostly damaged or destroyed during Civil

War

• 1880-10,000 miles of RR in the south

• 1890-40,000 miles– Most Southerners lived near a RR– Connected them to regional

and national markets

New South & Labor• Low wages, poor working conditions

• Convicts were “leased”– Built RRs, roads, grew and harvested crops and in

mines– Most were black

• Beaten, underfed, did dangerous work

• Chained together to prevent escape

• Labor unions were not popular

• First in south was Workingmen’s

Union #1, next The Knights of Labor– Never very popular

• Population 5,000-10,000

• Usually had a cotton gin

• Stores that sold goods to farmers families

• Larger ones had RR– Area farmers would travel to ship their crops

• Boosters promoted their town– Mail delivery, fire depts., electricity, telephone

service, public schools/colleges

Market Towns

Assignment page 310-315

• Answer the #3 Main Idea questions

• A.

• B.

• C.

• You DO NOT have to write the question, but you DO have to answer in complete sentences.

Assignment page 310-315 Key#3. a. The New South became more diversified by

adding industry and new crops to their economy.

b. Northern businessmen saw great potential in the South’s abundant resources and raw materials.

c. Those who opposed the New South did not care for large cities, mass production, modernization, or capitalism. They pined for the antebellum period in the south.

Section 3 Vocabulary• Crop lien

• Alonzo F. Herndon

Georgia Business & Industry• Many small industries

– Buggy/wagon makers– Small cotton mills– Cottonseed oil mills– Lumber mills– Coal mines– Brick factories

• 1900-15 industrial companies– 11 cotton mills– 4 RR shops

• Coca Cola

– Invented in 1885 by an Atlanta pharmacy owner as a headache remedy

• Charles H. Herty

– Invented new processes to extract resin from pine trees

– Invented method to turn trees into newsprint and paper

• Alonzo Herndon-black business owner catered to black customers when whites would not

• Crystal Palace Barber Shop

• Atlanta Mutual Insurance

Entrepreneurs