A-P XPMCTO FAHAEB

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SMBAMOTSKA HMBA

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OT CTDLUH^ RBTOP:

1. PaHHHO B-bspawAaHe. 1700—1860. Cry- AH5J. (Cofym, MSA. Studia serdicensia, 1939). 207 cip.

2. OsKTopn Ha 6-bjTrapcKOTo B-bspa- IKA a HC. 1600-1830 r. (Coc})H5f, HBA. B-b/i- rapcKa KHHra, 1943). 304 cip.

3. T-bproBCKara o6MsiHa Ha EBpona c e-b/irapcKHTe 3 e M H npes" XVIII HHawaAOTo Ha XIX sen -- B TOAH- UJHHK Ha MCTOpHKO-^HJIOAOrHHaCKHH (j^a- KyAiei npw COC^MHCKHH yHHsepcHTer, TOM XL (1943—1944).OTAeAeH oTnenarbK, 33 crp.

The University of Chiccgc library

fl-p XPMCTO TRHflEB AoueHT no HoBa HCTOPHH B COCJ)HHCKHH yHHBepcHTex

BRCMJl J1EBCKM

nOJlMTHHECKM MflEH M PEBOJ1HDUMOHHR

flEMHOCT

BMB^MOTEKA WHMBR" N° 6

M6

I HflCT

nPEflroBOP B Ta3H MajiKa KHHra HSJiaraw MSCjieABaHHaia CH

BTapXy nOAHTHHeCKHTe HACH H peBOJUOUHOHHaia AGH- HOCT Ha BacHji JICBCKH, C KOHTO sanosHasaM npes HacTOJimHsi SHMCH ceMecnDp H ciyAeHTHie OT ropHHie Kypcose, cneuHa/iHSHpamn no 6'bjirapcKa HCTOPHH.

Ms/ioweHHeTO e pasAeJieno Ha ipH H&CTH. fl-bp- Baia OT Tax e OHHT Aa ce yCTaHOBH H onume Bp"b3- KaTa Me>KAy ycHJiHsiTa Ha „TaHHHsi cbsaKAeT KOMHTeT" B Bynypem Aa c*b3AaAe B"bTpeiuHa peBOAKDu^OHHa opraHHsaunsi B BiDjirapHsi npes nepnoAa 1866 — 1869 r. H AeHHOCTTa Ha JleBCKH OKOJIO Tosa Bpene; HJIH no- TOHHO: Aa ce noAnepTae SHaneHneTo na HaH-BHAHH5i HJICH Ha TOSH KOMHTCT, HsaH Kaca6oB, H Aa ce HSBCHH, naKBH HAeHHH H opraHHsauHOHHH oGmysaHMsi e HMa/IO Me>KAy Hero H RnocTOAa. BTJB BTopaTa nacT ce onep- TasaT, AOKOJIKOTO nosBOJifiBaT HSBOPHTC, no/iHTHHe- CKHHT CBCTOnneA Ha JleBCKH H BJlH5IHH5iTa, FIOA KOHTO ce e oGpasysaji TOH. B nocAeAHBTa ce pa3rjie>KAa HCTopHMecKaTa 3HaMHM0CT Ha TOSH 6'bArapcKH peso- AKDUHOHCp, HST^KBaT Ce OHH5I HCrOBH AGJia, KOHTO Ca OCTaBHJIH ATaJlGOKH H TpaHHH CACAH B JKHBOTa Ha 615^- rapcKHH wapoA, KOHTO ca HSMCHHAH ywoHacTpoeHHHTa H npeAHSBHKajiH B CACABainHTe FOAHHH HSBCCTHH Cb- 6HTH5I — c ApyrH AYMH, Ae^aTa My, KOHTO ca ce npCBTDpHajlH B HCTOpHMeCKH cj^aKTop.

B TeneHHe Ha pa6oTaTa nap, TCSH BT^npocH wowax, 3a CTD>KaAeHHe, Aa HsnoAsyeaM CBMO CTapo- nenaTHHTe OTACJIH Ha Coc|)HHCKaTa yHHsepCHTeTCKa H IlAOBAHBCKaTa HapoAHa 6vi6miOTeKa, HO HC MH 6e AOCT-bneH RPXHBTDT Ha B-bspa^AaHeTO cbc CGHPKHTC

My OT AOKyMCHTH HO peBOAHDUHOHHHTe ABHWeHHH npH CocJ)HHCKaTa HapoAHa 6H6AHOTeKa, nopaAH oco6eHHTe ycAOBHsi, B KOHTO ce HaMHpa cera nemvisn KHHWCH HMOT. ripeAnoAaraw, ne Toaa MH e OTHCJIO B"b3MO>K- HOCTTa Aa HSflCHH no-noAPo6HO HSIKOH T-bMHH B-bnpocn OKOAO OTHOiueHHsiTa Ha JleBCKH KTJM xopaTa OT Tan- HHa KOMHTCT. HaA^BaM ce, ne me ce yAaAe CAynan Aa nowhnHn Tasn 6.ne3Ha B G-bAeiiJie npH BAHO BTopo HSAaHHe.

Coc})Ha, 23 HoeMBpn 1945 r.

Xp. r.

1. KOM E HBftH KRCRBOB

3a nOAHTHHeCKHTe H peBOAHDUHOHHH Hflen Ha BacHn JleBCKH MO>Ke Aa ce rosopn eABa OT OHOsa Bperce HaTaT-bK, KoraTO TOH, HanycnaA BTOpara 6HA- rpaACKa ACPHSI, npecneABaH H saTsapsiH B Sanwap sa- paAH 6yHTOBHH onHTH, H3ry6Ba sapa B HCKpeHHTe Ha- wepeHHH Ha cp-b6cK0TO npaBHTeACTBO Aa nOMorne na d-bJirapHTe Aa ce OCBO6OA«T H ce npexB-bpjis OKOH- naTeAHo BTDB BnaniKo npes eceHTa Ha 1868 r. KoraTO KIJM Kpaa Ha asrycT HABB B ByKypem1, TOH sasapBa MAaAHTe 6'bArapcKH eMnrpaHTH, KOHTO 6flxa HacTpo- CHH peBOAlOUHOHHO, FpynHpaHH OKOAO TpH CBOH Op- raHHSauHH: KyATypHO-noAHTHHecKOTo nB'bArapCKo o6- mecTBo", HHTaAHmeTo wBpaTCKa AK)6OB" H peAaK- UHSITa Ha BeCTHHK „HapOAHOCT". B. JleBCKH BAH3a B THa Kp-brose H ce c6AH>Kaaa c Han-BHAHHsi HM Aeeu, MBBH Kaca6oBf KOHTO 6eiije rAasen B-bpiuHTeA B ^B-bnrapcKO o6mecTBOa, peAaKTop Ha „HapoAHocT" H eneprHHeH yqacTHHK B npocseTHaTa pa6oTa na HH- TaAHineTO na MAaAHTe. HerosoTo Hsm^KBaHe B TOA- KOBa HaHHHaHHa eAHOBpeMeHHo He e CAynanHOCT. TOH me nrpae ocoGeno snaHHTeAHa poA5i BbB BCHMKH peaoAiouHOHHH Kpoe>KH npes 1868 H 1869 r., B KOHTO me yHacTBysa H JICBCKH. H Toaa HH HaAara Aa ya- HaeM KaKBO e npeACTasan Kaca6oB KBTO o6mecT- sen Aeeu.

EAHHCTBCH TOKy-peHH HSBOp 33 >KHBOTa H nOAH- THnecKOTO My nonpnme ca HeroBHTe nCnoMeHH OT B-bspawAaHeTo Ha E-bArapHsi c peaoAiouHOHHH HACH'S HSASAeHH npes 1905 r. H nncaHH, naKTO nsrAOKAa, npaTKO BpeMe npeAH o6HapoABaHeTO HM, T. e. OKOAO 35 rOAHHH DO-K-bCHO OT CT^HTHSTa, KOHTO HH HHTepe- cysaT. EcTecTBeHO e, ne CACA HSTHwaHeTO na TOAKosa spe- Me, MHOFO CI^HTHS, a oco6eHo noApo6HOCTHTe HM, ca H36AeAHeAH HAH HSHesHaAH HaniaAHo OT naMeTTa Ha asTopa. R AOCTB weCTO TOH HecbSHaTeAHO HAH yMH- LUAeHo e npeHHaMHA ycTaHOBeHH Bene cj^aKTH, sa Aa npeACTasH ce6e CH B no-6AaronpHsjTHa cseTAHHa — o6ma CAa6ocT Ha BCHMKH HBIUH peBOAKDUHOHepn-Me- MoapncTH. Ho ace naK, c noMomTa Ha eAHa KompoAa OT CTpaHHHHH CBeAGHHSJ H C HOMOIUTa Ha AOKyMCH- THTC, KOHTO Kaca6oB e npHAo>KHA KIJM noBecTBysa- HHCTO CH, MO>KeM A^ yCTaHOBHM U5IAOCTHaTa KapTHHa na HerosaTa Kapnepa KaTO o6uj1ecTBeHHK H peso- AiouHonep.

HeaH Kaca6oB e pOAen B JlacKOseu npes 1837 r., SHann 6HA e c eAHa roAHHa no-B-bspacTen OT JICBCKH. SanoHHaA Aa ynn B KASCHaTa „AacKaAOAHBHHua" Ha MOMHHAOBa B EA€Ha, TOH AOB'bpiJJBa CpCAHOTO en o6pa30BaHHe B B^ArpaA H KapAosau KBTO cp'b6cKH naHCHOHep npes 1858 r.

Oiue npes yMeHH4ecTBOTo CH B cp^CK&Ta CTO- AHua Kaca6oB ynacTBysaA B BAHH OHHT sa B-bcraHHe B BeAorpaAHHmKo — noMaraA Ha 6TDArapHHa CMH- rpaHT, KHes MsaH KyAHH, TaHHO Aa npenece op'hiKvie OT C-bp6H5i B BijArapna, B Tasn acjjepa HMaAa np-bcr onosMUHOHHaTa AHHacTHwecKa napTHH Ha 06peH0BH- MHTC, K051T0 HCKBAa 6HAO MpeS 6T3ArapCKOTO B-bCTaHHC AO rpaHHUHTe Ha C'bp6H5?, 6HAO npes pasKpHBane Ha K0HTpa6aHAaTa Ha op-bWHeTo, Aa HSAOWH Kapa- reopreBHHHTe H T5IXHOTO npaBHTeACTBo npeA HopTaTa, Aa HM CbSAaAe noAHTHHecKH saTpyAHeHHsi, sa Aa H3-

10

Q-bpiiiH no-AecHO AHHacTHHecKH npespaT.^ Rna op"b- >KHeTO 6HJ10 OTKpHTO Vi KOHC^HCKyBaHO OT cp'b6cKaTa noAHUHH npeAH npeHacaHeTO My, KOMnAOTi^T Ha ono- SHUHjrra ysHaT H Kaca6oB ce BHAA/I npHHyAeH Aa H365ira OT C'bp6Hsi e-bB Bnena.

CACA KaTO npes 1858 r. noAyMHA rHMHasnanHa AHnAOMa, TOH ce ycAOBHA sa yHHTeA B Pyce. Flpes TOBa BpeMC nOAHTHqeCKHTC C'b6HTH5I B C'bp6HSi 6"bp30 Ce paSBHBaAH. npHB"bp>KeHHUHTe. Ha 06peH0BHHH 6HAH ocbAGHH sa sarosop cpemy rocnoACTByBamaTa AHHaCTH^ H nO-BHAHHTe OT TEX eKCTepHHpSHH RO CbseTa Ha TypcKOTo npasHTeACTBO B Pyce. TyK Ka- Ca60B 3a5IK4HA Bp"b3KHTe CH C nOAHTHHCCKHTe CMH- rpaHTH, KOHTO ro nosHasaAH ouxe OT BsmrpaA. Ho noAOKeHneTO na KapareopreBHHH B CTDP6H5I CKopo ciasa HeyAtpJKHMo, CKyniiuHHaTa rn csaAHAa OT npecTOAa H Ha 15 sHyapn 1859 r. H36paAa MHAoma 06peHOBHH sa cp'b6cKH KHHS. Cera eKCTepHHpaHHie B Pyce noAHTHUH ce sas-bpHaAH rbp>KecTBeHO B BSIA- rpaA, KaTO o6emaAH Kaca6oBy AtpnoBHa CTHneHAHs? sa CAeABaHe. H HancTHHa, npes HDAH 1659 r. Kaca6oB ce ososasa B BflArpaA, rAeTo no xoAaTancTBOTO Ha HOBHH B-bHiueH MHHHCTTDP PaeBHH noAynasa 8 TaAepa Mecenna CTHneHAHH, nocrbnBa B MecTHaTa BHcma lopn- AHHecna uiKOAa H CACA Tpn TOAHHH sas-bpuiBa no npaso.

flpes BpeMe Ha CTyAeHTCTByBaneTO CH TOH Ha- nncBa eAHa HCTOPHH Ha cp"b6cKOTo oCBo6oAHTeAHo ABH>KeHHe—wOcBo6o>KAeHHeTo Ha cbpGHTe HOA Kapa feoprHsi H MHAoma 06peHOBHHtt, KOSTO 6HBa oTne- naTana na A"bp>KaBHH pasHOCKH B 1860 r. FlaK KaTO cryAeHT Kaca6oB BAHSB B TpaHHH CbTpyAHHHecKH Bp-bSKH c PaKOBCKH, KOFOTO nosHasaA ome OT spe- MCTO Ha npeGHBasaHeTo My B HoBH-CaA- B BsiArpaA PaKoscKH oTnoHBa HSAasaHeTo Ha ^flynaBCKH nedep," H sacTasa na MCAO Ha n^bpsaTa SiaArapcKa Aernn. R MAaAHJiTCTyAeHTsaeMa npn Hero CAy>K6aTa naceKpe- Tap no HSAaHHCTO H nOAHTHHCCKH n-bAHOMOmHHK. Ton

11

6HBa HsnpaTeH Aa nperosapsi c BHCHCKHTe e-bArapn a cneuna/iHo c KonaKH BoropHAH sa OTnycKane 3Ha- MHTeAHa napHMHa noMom Ha AernaTa. B"bB Bnena Kaca6oB ce sanosnasa c rbproseua Teocjjan Pan- HOB, AoaepeHHK Ha 6-bArapcKSTa KOAOHHSJ no Tosa ACAO. Pipes cbmoTo BpeMe, OKOAO 1862 roAHHa, BacHA JleBCKH H MsaH KiapiiJOBCKH, H ABaMaTa AerHOHepn, me Aa ca BHWAQ/IH, aKo He H nosHasaAH JIHHHO Bene Kaca6oBa KBTO AHUC, npH6AH>KeHO AO PaKOBCKH. RTHSI TpnMa ACHUH, T. PaHHOB, B. JICBCKH

H MB. K-bpmoBCKH, me ce cbSepaT CCACM FOAHKH no- KTJCHO C Kaca6oBa BTDB BAauiKo OTHOBO sa o6ma pa- 6oTa. npes 1863 r. Kaca6oB saB-bprnsfei CAeABaneTo CH, ycnasa Aa noAynn noAKpenaTa Ha 6oraTH 6pa- HACKH 6-bArapH H ce ycraHOBsiBa BI>B BneHa, rAeTO CAeABa ome eAHa H noAOBHHa roAHHa npaso. Ha 1864 roA' TOH e Bene BTDB BAamKo, TAeTO o6xo>KAa BCHHKH no-roAeMH 6"bArapcKH KOAOHH^I H ce sano- SHasa c no-BHAHHTe MM npeACTaBHTCAH. yHe6HaTa 1864-65 roAHHa TOH HSKapsa KBTO yHHTeA Ha 6-bArapckaTa o6mHHa B rropreBO. MsrAewAa, ne MAa- AH5IT npaBHCT e 6HA HCAOBOAeH OT nOAOKCHHeTO CH, samoTO Ha CAeAHaTa roAHHa HanyCKa TOBB MHCTO H OTHOBO o6HKaA5i pyMTsHCKHTe rpaAOBe: cnnpa ce B BoArpaA c HaMepeHne Aa nocrbnn KBTO npenoAasaTeA s MecTHaTa 6-bArapcKa rHMHaansf, HO He My xapecsa H ce npexB-bpAH B BpanAa; TyK HsnHTsa noHBaTa sa TpanHo ycTaHOBflBane, BOAH pasrosopn sa HSAasaHa Ha BecTHHK, HO Bee naK OTMHHaBa no-HaTaT-bK H ce OT6HBa B FlAoem, FACTO noAyo6emaBa Ha e-bArap- CKBTB KOAOHH5I Aa CTaHe yHHTCA. HaKpan, o6aHe, HaAAeAHBa BAeneHneTO My KTDM noAHTHnecKaTa H Tiy6AHUHCTHHHa ACHHOCT — cnnpa ce B ByKypem H npes 1865—1866 r. CTasa CbTpyAHHK Ha PaKOBCKH. nocAeAHHsrr cera o6HapoABa „B-bArapcKa CTapHHa" H npaBH onHTH Aa HSAasa secTHHUHTe wBiiAymHOCT" H wBamHTHHK".

B HanaAOTO Ha 1866 r. pyM-bHCKHST KHHS Kysa,

12

nocTaseH OT FlopTaTa, 6HBa csaAen npes CbsaKAaTHe OT rpyna AH6epaAHH poM-bHCKH o6mecTBeHHUH H eApw HOKOH — 10-11 cJ)eBpyapH. CissaKASiTHeTO e 6HAa noAroTBeno OT eAHa KOHcnnpaTHBHa opraHHsauHH — Hemo J10A06HO na Carbpnaria — HaneAO Ha K. Po- ceTH, HOH BpaTnany H MOH fHKa. Ha6'bp30 cbCTase- HOTO npaBHTCACTBo HSTOHHAO Kysa H sanoHHaAO Aa rbpcH noAXOAen KaHAHAaT sa npecTOAa Ha wCiDeAH- HeHHTe pyM'bHCKH KHswecrBa" HS eBponencKHTe ABQ- pose. UapHrpaACKOTo npaBHTCACTBo, pa36Hpa ce^ H35!BHAO BCAHara ceceTO HCAOBOACTBO OT npespaTa H npHHyAHTCAHaTa a6AHKai;H5i na HerosHH nocTaBAeHHK H sanoHHaAO Aa CbcpeAOTOHasa BOHCKH OKOAO Pycer sanAamsaHKH c aoeHHa HaMeca. PyM"bHCKOTO npasn- TCACTBO BHWAaAO, we He pasnoAara c AocrarbHHa BOeHHH CHAH 33 CaMOCTOSITeAHO npoTHBonocTassiHe Ha TypuHTe H peiuHAO Aa OTBAene CHAHT^ HM npea eAHa B-bcraHHwecKa AHBepcHa B B-bArapna. OTACA- HH HeroBH ACHUH Ha6eA5J3aAH H nvma H3Me>KAy 6TDA- rapcKHTe eMHrpanrH, Ha KOHTO mnno Aa ce BTDSAO- >KH opraHHsyBBHeTo Ha weAaHOTo B^bCTaHHe. Ome npes ASJTOTO HAH eceHTa na 1865 r. POCCTH H Bpa- Tnany nocemasaAH PaKOBCKH B HeroBHH AOM H ra coHAHpaAH, AaAH 6H ce cbfAacHA AS C"b6epe „BO- ACHTHpn" sa eAHa Bb3M0>KHa BKUHH cpemy Typunsr — pyM"bHCKaTa onosnuHH noAroTB5iAa Bene npespaTa. PaKOBCKH na Aparo cbpue npneA noKanaTa H o6e- maA Aa opraHHSysa MHoroxHA^AHa 6-bArapcKa Aerna. HO B pemHTeAHHH MOMCHT, CACA CBaASIHeTO Ha KH5iS Kysa, KoraTO AH6epaAHTe noT'bpcHAH Bene 6"bArap- CKa noMom, PaKOBCKH e OTCbTCTBysaA OT ByKypem. Flo HCHSflCHeHH Ome A06pe npHHHHH TOH H36sjrBa B PyCHs?.2 Torasa K. POCCTH ce o6p'huita KT^M Kacaoo- sa H ro HaTOBapsa Aa o6pa3yBa c ome HeKOAUHHa BHAHH 6"bArapH KOMHTCT 3a c"b6HpaHe 6-bArapcKa Ao6poBOAHecKa ApywHHa. Ho cnoMCHHTe HS CAHH OT n-bpBHTe ynscTHHUH B TOSH KOMHTCT, RT. RHAPCCB, CbC CbCTSB^HCTO H3 KOMHTCTS 6 6HA HSTOBSpCH TOH,

13

•a He K3C36OB. Toss, o63He, HSFAOKAS MBAKO sepo- 51THO, noHe>Ke RnApeea e 6HA OGHKHOBCH T-bproseu, HOBCK 663 Hy>KHHSi aBTOpHTCT BcpeA CMHrpaHTHTe. BnpoHCM, OT HeroBHTe cnoMeHH A"bxa HBHa Henpn- sis-bH KIJM K3ca6oBa H meAaHHe Aa ce saAHHST 3a- CAyrHTe My B TOBS ACAO.3 RAS see nsK ne e H3KAIO- HCHO ^yMijHHTe1Aa ca noAHCAH coHAa>KHTe CH npeA HSKOAKO AyuiH 6"bArapH eAHOBpeMCHHO. TTDH HAH HHaK — pyM-bHCKOTO npaBHTCACTBO >KeAaeAO Aa HMB Ha pasnoAOKeHHe BoeHHH OTPHAH, cbCTaseHH OT 6'bArapcKH eMHrpaHTH. Kaca6oB TBT^PAH, HC TOH BH- AOHSMeHHn npeqAOHteHHCTo Ha PoceTH, noHeme no- flosnpaA, ne Ao6poBOAUHTe me 6"bAaT nsnoAsy- sanH sa 0T6p3HaTa Ha pyM^HCKaTa TepHTopKH. H HaXB-bpAHA HAaH 33 TaCH CbSaKAaTHHHeCKH KOi

MHTCT c pasKAOHCHHSi B BiaArapH^. Tasn opra- HHsauHa Tp^GsaAo . Aa AencTsyBa sa noBAHrane na o6mo 6'bArapcKO B-bCTaHHe, eeposiTHo c pyMisHCKa MaTepnajina noMom. TaKa mnna pa ce ocbmecrBH H HiCAanaTa OT OyKypemKOTO npaBH- TCACTBO BjeHHa AHBepcHH cpemy TypuHR. POCCTH ce cbFAacHi c nAana na Kaca6oBa H .My npeAOcraBHA Aa ro HsnbAHH. FIocAeAHHsiT ce CbGpaA c rapncTa A-p fl. flnaMaHAHeB, KOHTO o6aHe He snaeA 6'bA¬ rapcKH, c T-boroBUHTe MB. RAJKCHOB, RT. RHAPCCB, X. CsipoB H CT. PHHOB; rpynaTa ypeAHAa npes npo- AeiTa Ha 1866 r., wLJ,eHTpaAeH cbsaKACT TaeH KO- MVITQI". OopMHTe HS opraHH33u,H5jTa KBKTO H OCHOB- HHTC noAO>KeHHfi Ha ycrasa H HanoAoGHsaAH pywbH- CKHSI n"bpBoo6.;a3 — cbsakAHTHnnecKaTa opraHHsaunsi Ha AnGepa/iHTe. B^ArapcKHaT KOMHieT Tp5i6BaAO Aa AencTBysa BHHarn B CbrAacne c pyMbHCKHH npn CAy- nan HQ noAHTHHecKH H BoeHHH aKUHH. K"bM ycTasa 6HA npHAOKen H oco6eH noj,!HTHHecKH aKT 33 „GBemeHa Koa/ii-mHa Me>Kay pyM-bHHTe H dijAra- pHTe". M B Koa/iHUHara H B ycrssa ce npeABH>KAaAO BOeHHO H nOAHTHHeCKO C-bTpyAHHHeCTB3 Me>KAy BCHHKH 6aAKaHCKH HapOAH H AOpH CBbpSBaHCTO HM B CAHB

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KOHCJ^eACpaUHa OT aBTOHOMHH A^PHOBH, CACA KaTO 6-bAe OTXBijpAeHO HanijAHO TypcKOTo rocnOACTBO4. HABHOBeTe Ha 6'bArapCKHSI KOMHTCT «3pa60THAH THH AOKyMenTH B o6mH cpemw C npeACTaBHTGAH OT pyr^TaHCKHH KOMHTeTJ OCTQBaAO CBMO Aa CC nOAOHOT noAnncHTe Ha ABere cjpaHH, sa pa Enese cTarAaiue- HHCTO B CHAa H Aa 6TDAe npnsHaTa 6"bArapcKaTa cjjopMai^HH oc))HUHaAHO. Ho npH see ne pyM-bHHTe OTnycnaAH Ha TaHHHsi KOMHTCT snaHHTeAHa cyMa sa OTnoHBaHe Ha arnTaunoHHa pa6oTa B-bB BTsTpeiuHOCTTa Ha B-bArapnsi, noAaraHeTO Ha CBOHTC noAnncn TC OTAaraAH OT ACH sa ACH.

Me>KAy Tosa noAOKenneTo na pyM^bHCKHTe cise- AHHeHH KHHHiecTsa ce ypegHAo MHPKO. 3a pyM'bHCKH BASAeTCA 6HA Hsopan c nAe6HCUHT K3pA XoxeHUO- Aepn — CnrMapHHreH, FlopTaTa nOA H^THCKa Ha se- AHKHTC CHAH Ce npHMHpHAa C HOBOTO nOAOKCHHe. Cera OTaArapcKHTe wBOAeHTHpH" H BbCTaHHa CTaHaAH HSAHUJHH, flopH'HeyAo6HH sa maJiHQTo noAo6peHHe na OTHoiiieHHaTa Me>KAy PyM-bHHH H TypuH^. ETO samo H AOKyMCHTHTe sa ynpeA^saHeTo na TaHHHS? KO¬ MHTCT ocTanaAH HenoAnHcanH OT pyMbHCKa CTpana.

Ho Tosa He nonpenHAo Ha d-hnrapme pa na- COHaT CB05f KOMHTeT K-hM CaMOCTOCH nOAHTHHeCKH >KHBOT. B ByKypem 6HAH nDKBAeneHH KIDM CTOTH- Ha HOBH HACHoae Me>KAy TSIX 6HAH fl. .LICHOBHH H 06pa30BaHHHT BHeHCKH GtArapHH KHpHSiK UaHKOB. B fKDpreBO, TypHy-MarypeAH H SHMHHH BiaSHMKHaAH MGCTHH KAOHOBe H CeHpCTriH BphSKH C B'bArapKH. B FfopreBO pa6oTHA ycbpA-HO -yHHTeAHT T. SanpFiHOB, OT Typny FAasHH CbTpyAHHun 6HAH T. KoaaHes H flanaHA Xp. FlonoB. OT FlAoem HneHysaA TTbproeeu'bT Panne non rpb6AeB. R B Pyce ocnosaA KOMHTCT feoprn >KHBKOB. 5 '— Tosa ca ace ACHUH, C KOHTO me ce cpemHe'M OTHOBO cjieA Aae-Tpn ropuHH. B T-bpnoBO 6HA HsnpaieH Aa o6pa3yBa KOMHTei RT. RHApees, KOHTO cnoAyHHA Aa nsnbAHH saAanaTa CH; canrnQBCKHTe MAaACwn cbmo opraHnsysaAH rpyna.6

15

flpyr eMHcap H3 TBHHHSJ KOMHTCT ce onman pa ocHOBe MCCTCH KOMHTCT B UiyMCH.7 OT B-bArapna HABBAH KBHAHAaTH 33 p-bKOBOAHTCAH Ha MeCTHH KO- MHTCTH, 33 Aa nOAOHOT npH TaHHCTBCHa 06CTaH0BKa KACTBa npCA UeHTpaAHHS KOMHTCT, CbSAaAB CC 0>KH- BCHS imi^poBana npenncKs; BOACAa ce arHTaijHa BCpCA HACHOBCTe B CMHCbA, HC OCB06o>KAeHHeTO Ha 6'bArapcKH5i HapoA SSBHCH OT HerosoTo co6cTBeHO OCbSHSBSHC, BOA5I H CHA3, HC C Heo6xOAHMa nOATO- TOBKS sa Bceo6mo BiaCTaHH e, KaTO ce ocHOBassT Ha- BC5iKT>Ae HS B-bArapna CCACKH H rpaACKH KOMHTCTH, KaTO Ce ci^npaT napn sa op-bHtHe H ce BOAH ycTHa nponoBCA BcpeA HenocBCTCHHTe8.

Flpes eceHTa Ha 1866 r. PaKOBCKH ce sasp-bma OT PycHH B ByKypem H sanoHBa owecTOHCHa arHTa- UHSI cpemy Kacsdoss H TaHHHH KOMHTCT, TBTSPAGHKH, HC HeroBHSiT AOCKopomeH noMomHHK e npoAaA 6"bA- rapCK3Ta Kaysa Ha pyMMHTe. Tasn Herosa KaMna- HHSJ He e HMaAa cepnosHH noAHTHHecKH ocHOBaHHa, samoTO no CBHACTCACTBOTO na XHTOBB, caM TOH ome npes 1865 r. ce 6e CbrAacHA c paAOcr Aa Ha- 6epe XHA?!AH wBOACHTHpH" H, SamOTO ACTHHTa My B BaArpaA npes 1962 r. HC e 6HAa HHTO no-Ao6pa, HHTO no-Aoma B noAHTHnecKO OTHOiucHHe OT „CBe- meH3T3 K03AHUHSI1' B ByKypem- OsKT^T, HC PsKOB- CKH C 3T3KyB3A HMCHHO K3C360B3, 3 HC ApyrHTC HACHOBe, nOKa3B3 n-bpBO — SHaHCHHCTO, KOCTO TOH e HMBA B TOB3 ACAO, SHaHCHHC OTpHHaHO OT RT. RH- ApeeB3, H BTopo — AOKOAKO e 6HAO sacerHaio HSO- CTpCHOTO HeCTOAK)6He Ha CaMH5i PaKOBCKH KaTO BO- Aan Ha 6"bArapcKHTe peaoAHDUHOHepH.

KpSTKOBpCMCHHSTS 6yp5?, npeAH3BHK3H3 B CpC- AHTC H3 CMHrpSHTHTC H KOMHTCTS, OT TOKKO- 60AHH5I Bene PSKOBCKH, H3rAe>KAa, ne e CbSAaAa HSBCCTHO pa3KOAe6aBaHe H necbrAacHJi. Kaca6oB HaMHpa sa ^AaropssyMHO Aa ce OTTCFAH sa CAHB roAHHa Ha yHHTCACKa CAy>K63 B FlAOem, TACTO OTH3C51 UHASTa apxHBa H nenaTa Ha TaHHHa KOMHTCT. TIocAeAHHflT

16

cfjaKT Ome BCAHSHi nOTBT3p>KA3Ba p-bKOBOAHOTO nOAO- WCHHC Ha Kac36oBa B opraHHsauHsrra.

FTpes n-bpBHTe MCCCUH HS 1867 r. fl. KHCHMOB, KOHTO >KHBeeA B flAoem* ce SBHA npH Kaca6oBa H My npoHCA ABC CBOH noAHTHHecKH nHC3HH5i: 6poLLiypaTa nB-hnrapun npep Espona* H nponyTHH AyaAHCTHHCH MCMOap, B KOHTO CC npCAAaFSAO H3 TypCKHSI CyATBH Aa npnnoSHae B"bAr3pHfl KaTO aBTOHOMHa A'fepwsBa B npeACAHTC na HMnepnaTa HOA HeroBo B^PXCBCHCTBO B KanecTBOTO My na 6'bArapcKH Monapx. KHCHMOB HSKasaA >KeA3HHe TCSH ABB AOKyMeHTa Aa ce nspa- PQT OT HMBTO Ha TaHHHSI KOMHTCT. KaCa6oB Ce CbFAS- CHA H npenpoBOAHA 3BTopa B ByKypem* TaM H ocra- HBAHTC HACHOBC B-bsnpHCAH npeA/io>KeHHTe TCKCTOBC, norpH>KHAH ce Aa 6-bpaT npeBCACHH Ha c}?peHCKH H FH OTHCHSTaAH HSHCTHHa OT HMCTO Ha KOMHTCTa. EAHH eKseMHAJip OT MCMoaps 6HA noAaAen npes KOMHTCT- CKHJ! areHT XpncTO CapHCB (r'bA'b6 BOHBOAS) Hsnpaso AO cyATans B ABopeua My „MAA'b3 KbouiK" B Uapn- rpaA, a KOHHSI OT Hero HsnpsTCHH AO BCHHKH espo- nCHCKH AHHAOMSTHHeCKH KSHl^CJiapHH, KBKTO H AO pCASKUHHTC H3 FOAeMHTC CBpOnCHCKH H TypCKH U3- pnrpaACKH BCCTHHUH.9 TOSH AOKyMCHT nponsBCA Ha- BCRKTiAe HSBbHpCAHO CHACH ecJ^CKT : 3an3AHHSIT nCHST OTACAHJI M5ICTO 33 KOMCHTapHH UO 6'bAr3pCKH5I BTDHPOC, FIopTBTa ce pa3TpeBO>KHAa OT CbmecTByBaHCTO Ha TaHHCTBCHHH KOMHTCT, KOHTO MOFbA Aa p336yHTyB3 pasna H Aa npeAH3BHKa HSMCCSTS HB eBponencKHTe npaBHTCACTBa, a 6bArapHTe ce HSHCHaAaAH paAOCTHO H OHaKBSAH C H3AOKA3 Ome nO-rOAGMH C'b6HTH5r. JXajlVi BCHHKH BHAHH HACHOBC H3 TaHHHH KOMH¬ TCT Ca 6HAH CbFAaCHH CbC CbA^pHOHHCTO H3 MCMoapa, HanncaH OT BT^HIIIHO AHUC H npoTHBopenem H3 OCHO- BHBTB UCA H3 KOMHTCTS —6aAKaHCKa KOH(j)eAep3UHJl, ocTasa HCJICHO. CBMHTG HHHUHSTOPH HS AGAOTO HC ca pasHHTaAH Ha HsiKaK-bB npaKTHHecKH pesyATST — TC OO-CKOpO HCK3AH HpCS TOSH „maCTAHB XOA" pa sasiBST CbmecTBysaHeTo Ha KOMHTCTB KBTO ACHCTBH-

17

TeAHa noAHTHnecKa cnna. Bi>Ar3pCK3T3 KOAOHHSI B Opeza AOTOAKOBB ce 33HHTpHryB3A3 OT KOMHTCTS, ne HsnpaTHAa B ByKypem H. M. TomKOBa H B. Psiueess, sa Aa ce bCBCTAHT na MHCTOTO mo sa opr3HH33UH5i e TOH. y6eAeHH B HeroB3T3 noAesHocT, TC AaAH cpeA- CTBa sa HSAaBBHCTo Ha eAHH siseH opran na KOMH- TCTa, KOHTO HOA HaSBaHHCTO wHapOAHOCT

a 33nOHH3A A3 HSAHsa npes OKTOMBPH 1867 r. n-bpansiT My pe- A3KTop e MB, BoropoB. Ho OKOAO 6poH 9—11 TOH 6HA CHCT OT p36oT3, noHOKe sanoHHaA Aa H3n3Aa MCTapHTe" OT „1DI06p0AeTeAH3T3 Apy>KHH3", a TOBS HC BAH33AO B npOFpSMSTS Ha BCCTHHKa. TaK3 CMJITSA nOHC MB. TpyAOB, KOHTO BCT-bnHA AOn-bAHHTCAHO B UCHTpaAHHH 6yKypemKH KOMHTCT H SSCA CACA Boro- P0B3 peA3KTOpCKOTO MHCTO. TOSH CnyHSGH HOBCK B peBOAKDUHOHHHTC CpCAH C 6HA HO-CKOpO HS CTp3H3T3 HS CTapHTC,— ACHCTByaaA AS ce cnpsT c noMomT3 H3 pyM-bHCKOTO npSBHTCACTBO HeTHHUJKHTe npHFOTOBAe- HH5I HS Fl. XHTOBS H O. TOTS! npeS A5ITOTO H3 1867 F , H3HCK3A HO OKOACH H'bT OT KaC360B3 3pXHBST3 H3 kOMHTCTS, ny6AHKyB3A KAeTBSTa H ycTass B .HspoA- HOCT", KOHTO C3 HM3AH, CCTCCTBeHO, CTpOFO KOHCnHpa- THBCH XapSKTep, H HO TSKTJB H3HHH KOMnpOMCTHpSA OpFSHHSSUHflTS. T5I MOFAS BCHC Aa CC CHHT3 33 p33- TypeHS. MHOFO OT HACHOBeTC ce OTTCFAHAH, a Ha 6p. 19 OT HbpBSTS FOAHUIHHHS TpyAOB npeyCTSHOBHA H3A3B3HeTO H3 „HapOAHOCTa.10 MSFAOKAa, HC TOH G HSniaAHHA WCASHHCTO HS XpHCTO FeopFHCB H wflO- 6poAeTeAHaT3 Apy>KHH3", KOHTO rbKMO cera no BHy- meHHCTO H3 pyCKOTO npSBHTCACTBO CKAIOHHA3 CbPAS- uieHHe CbC 6siArpaACKOTO npaBHTCACTBo 3a ctSAasaHe H3 AyaAHCTHHHa Cp'b6CKO-6'bAr3pCK3 MOHSpXHH H yFO- BOpHAS CbCTSBHHeTO H3 BTOpSTS 6T3Ar3pCK3 ACFHSI B BsmrpsA — CCCHTS HS 1867 r. Ps36Hps ce, npn HOBOTO nOAOWCHHe ACHHOCTTa Ha KOMHTCTHTC, MCMOap-bT, CT3- THHTC B wHspOAHOCT" — BCHHKO TOBS npCHGAO, OTH- B3A0 B p33pe3 C HOBHTB Cp'b6CKO-6TJAr3pCKH npOCKTH. M „CTSpHTea nOAOWHAH yCHAHH Aa npCMSXHST OT n-bTJI

18

CH TaHHHH KOMHTCT H BCCTHHKS My. 3s T0B3 HM CnO" MOFHSAO H 06CT05ITeACTB0T0, HC MHOFO HACHOBC H3 KOMHTCTS, MOKAy KOHTO T. SsnpflHOB H K. U3HK0B, CC B-bOAymCBHAH OT HOBSTa nOAHTHHCCKa KOM6HHaUH5I, a CTOTHHa ^MASAH" OT BASIUKO 33MHH3AH 33 BflA- rpsA Aa ce sanncssT B-bB BTOPBTS ACFHS!.

RAS myMHOTO nponsASHe HS ACFHSITS, KOCTO nocACABBAO ome B n-bpBHTe MCCCUH HS 1868 rM H nOBTOpHOTO H OmC HO-TOKKO pSSOHSpOBSHHC H3 6bA- FSpCKHTC peBOAKDUHOHCpH OT BeAHKOCp'b6CKSTS nOA«- THKa B MOMCHTa yHHmO>KHAH nOHTH HSU^AO HOAHTH- HeCKOTO BAHSJHHe Ha wflo6pOAeTeAH3T3 Apy>KHHs". HeHHHTC npCACTSBHTCAH CC OTTCFAHAH BpeMCHHO OT SKTHBHS psGoTS. MMGHHO cera, B HanaAOTO Ha 1868 r., Kac36oB pemsBS Aa Hanycne FlAoem H noeMC B CBOH pibUe H HS CBOH pSSHOCKH HSASBSHCTO HS „HapOA- HOCTK, B KOHTO TOH pCAOBHO CbTpyAHHHCA C FOACMH CT3THH OmC OT WbpBHn My 6pOH. HoBHfiT KypC H3 BecTHHK3 e no-siCHO peBOAKDi^HOHeH. KSCS6OB npeue- HBBS B HHKOAKO CT3THH OTpHUSTCAHO 6HArp3ACKST3 aeaHTiopaHS „CTspHTea H noAASBsi CSM, HS CBOH FASBS, HHIUKHTC Ha paSKljCSHSTS KOMHTCTCKS Mpe>K3, CBTDPSBS FH OTHOBO H 3SnOHB3 Aa ACHCTBysa K3T0 OTFOBOpHHK HS TSHHH5I KOMHTCT.

PCASKl^HSITS HS „HspOAHOCT* OTHOBO CTSBa M5ICTO, FACTO CC HBB'bpTaT pCBOAHDUHOHCpHTe 33 HOBHHH. Ho TSIXHOTO HCTHHCKO AyXOBHO CpCAHmC B ByKypem 6 HHTaAHmCTO „BpaTCK3 AIO60B", CbSASAeHO OKOAO 1866 F., 33 Aa 6'bAe H30AHpaHO HHT3AHmeT0 HS CT3- pHTe, KOCTO nocTencHHO ssnsAaAO H CTOHAO noHTH

-BHHSFH SSKAKDHCHO. B „Bp3TCKa AK)6oB

M3 CpCAHTC Ha 6HBLJLIHTe KaC36oBH CbTpyAHHUH WhK H3AH33 HAGJirS 33 o6pS3>BSHeTO H3 CAHO HOBO, 5JBHO H ACMOKpaTHHHo 6-bArapCKO „o6mecTBO,', C KAO- HOBC H3 BCHHKH BJISUIKH FpSAOBC, FAeTO HM3AO 6-bA- FSpCKH KOAOHHH. BaAaHHTG Ha ApywecTBOTo TpSl6BaAO A3 6'bA3T: KyATypHO H nOAHTHHCCKO C3M00prSHH3y- BSHC H3 6"bAr3pCKH5I HSpOA C HOMOmTS HS CAHO CAHTHO p-bKOBOACTBO 33 npHA06HB3He H3 H3ry6eH3T3 CBo6oAa. C'b6HpaHeTo Ha cpeACTBa ss HsmbAHCHHe HS HSBCCTHH o6mOHapOAHH SKUHH HJIH 33 KyATypHS CSMOnOMOm Ce nOCTSBSIAO K3TO CAHO OT npSKTHHC- CKHTC 33A"bA>KeHH5I H3 HACHOBeTC. „HaH3A3TSM HB TOBS o6meCTBO meAH Aa 6-bAaT „c-bBceM ACMOKpaTHnecKH, HSBACHCHH Tl^KMO OT AyXS H3 6'bAr3pCKHSI HSpOA^.ToSH npOCKT HSAHSTaA HSnOA HCpOTO HS T. SsnpHHOB OT FrapreBo, a Kac36oB ro o6HspoABaA npes MSH 1868 r. B CBOH BCCTHHK.11 He C HSKAKDHCHO, o63He, K3CS60B A3 C BHyLUHA HS 33np5IHOB3 TS3H CT3THH, 33 A3 HC H3AH33 CSM TOH HS npCACH HASH B H3HSAOTO. MH3K, HSFAOKAS M3AKO CTpSHHO, mOTO CT3TH5IT3 H3 CAHH npOBHHL^HSACH yHHTCA Aa HOACHCTByBa T3K3 6'bp30 H y6eAHTeAHO, ne peAHUS TOKKH npHB-bpweHHUH HS CTspHTe, KSTO K. HoKaH, R. flemoB, F. CoAaKOOAy, Cn. KOHCTSHTHHOB, CCFS pSSOHSpOBSHH OT wflo6pOAe- TeAH3T3 Apy>KHH3", Aa ce c'b6epaT H CbCTSBHT ome npe3 HDHH—KDAH C. F. HaCTOSiTCACTBOTO Ha HOBOTO ^o6mecTBo" B ByKypem, KBTO nocTSBHT ss npeAce- ASTCA npecTspeAHH HoKan.12 TyK, sepoaTHO, e HMaAO npCABSpHTCAHS SFHTaUHH HAH npCFOBOpH MOKAy THSI AHUa H KaC360BS. ^B-bAFSpCKO 06meCTB0,< CT3H3AO CAHH BHA ACFSAHSTS c|?OpM3 HS 6HBLUH5I TSCH KOMHTCT. BsmOTO BH>KAaMe pGAaKTOpiiT H3 wHspOAHOCT" CCFS A3 SSCMS BHAHO M5ICTO B HSCTOSiTGACTBOTO Ha B06me" CTBOTO*. TaM ca H fl. UCHOBHH, KOHTO sanoHBs p-hn- rOAGTH3T3 CH CAy>K63 K3T0 KSCHCp H3 UGHTpSAHHTC pGBOAMDUHOHHH KOMHTCTH, K. UaHKOB H BCHHKH CTBpH CbTpyAHHUH H3 Kaca6oBa. UaHKOB noeA pcASKUHHTa Ha pyM'bHCKH^ OTAGA BTDB B. wHapOAH0CT

M. flGHHOCTTa

20

HS 06mecTB0T0 e 6HA3 p-bKOBOAGH3 H TASCKana eHepFHHHO HMGHHO OT XOpaT3 OKOAO KaCa60B3, KOHTO npOA"bJl>K3B3A Aa HSnOASyBS HMCTO H CbSASAGHHTe Bp-bSKH H3 TSHHHH KOMHTCT, A0K3T0 HO-CTSpHTG, ThU pa ce K3>KG, noHGTHH HJICHOBG, ca AasaAH cpeACTBaTa 33 HSApiaWKaTS H3 „H3pOAHOCTW H HeFOBHTC pe- AaKTopn.

KaC360B CTaACHCTByBS 33 HSTCFJlHHeTO Ha HCAO- BOAHHTC 6'bArapcKH ACFHOHepH OT B^AFpaA B PyMlj- HHH npes npoACTTa H JIATOTO Ha 1868 r. CACA pa3Ty- pflHCTo na AerHHTa. Kac36oB H UCHOBHH ce CBibpsBST C X. flHMHTpS, TtpCHT My HSpH, Cb6HpST My HCTHHUH H noMsraT HCTaTa My Aa ce npexs-bpAH He3a6eAfi- 33HO B B-bAFSpHfl. KSCS60B CbCTSBSI H OTnCHaTBS 33 HCFO npOKASMSUHH OT HMCTO H3 npHSpCMCHHOTO 6'bA¬ rapcKO npaBHTGACTBO B BajlKSHS, K3T0 ny6AHKyB3 H B MH3p0AH0CT" TCKCTS, npHApyWCH OT SASFOnpHHTHH KOMCHTBpHH H CT3THH. OCBCH TOBS K3Ca60B CbCTSBH H AB3 MGMOpSHAyMS — CAHHHSiT AO CyATSHS, 3 Apy- FHST AO eBponencKHTe nocASHHUH B UapHFpaA. OpeH- CKHTC npCBOAH H3 THH AB3 AOKyMCHTa 6HAH BpTaHCHH Ha x. flHMHTpa, 33 Aa FH HsnpaTH B UspHrpsA, KoraTO npeMHHe B B-bArapHH. McMopaHAyM^bT AO nocAaHH- UHTC Kac36oB OTnensTSA B 6'bAr3pcKH OPHFHHSA cbc CbOTBeTCH KOMCHTSp B MH3pOAHOCT

a. OCHOBHHTC MHCAH B nOCACAHHSJ AOKyMGHT C3 I nASMHSAOTO BTDCTSHHC " 6 HHCTO 6bArSpCKO, HapOAHO AeJIO, HGSaBHCHMO OT HHK3KB0 B"bHllJHO BAHHHHG; UGATS H3 BTDCTSHHGTO C H3pOA"bT A3 nOGMG MB CBOHTC C06CTBGHH p^bUC Bb- TpeuiHOTo ynpaB/iGHHe Ha o6moTo CH OTGHGCTBO H Aa ce CAo6He c HCSBBHCHMO HSPOAHO npaBHTGACTBO, nOA06HO Ha CbCGAHHTG A^PHOBH t'yM'bHHH H Cl^p- 6H5ia.13 B MGMcapa AO cyATana Cbmo G Ka33HO, „He 6"bAr3pCKHH HSpOA HCK3 H AO KpSH mC Hme CBOG caMoCTOHTGAHO HapoAHO ynpaBAGHHe" (K. H3 K.).14 KaKTO BHWAaMG, CACAHTC H3 Ay3AH3M3, KOHTO HG G 6HA HHKOFS npncbm HS K3ca6oBa, TyK BGHG ca H3HG3HaAH. R H3 AHUG G GAHH HOB G/1GMGHT — yCH-

21

AGHOTO nOAHGpTaBaHC, HG B-bCTSHHCTO C C3MOCTOSJ- TGAGH 6'hnrapCKVi nOHHH. R H B npOKASMSUHSJTS AO 6bArapHTG HGTCM: „He CAymaHTG HHHHH CbBGTH, H3- AOKAaTa BH Aa 6'bAG ocHOBSHa CBMO na BauiHTC KDHaiUKH p^UG, SamOTO TC Ca HCTHHCKHH H BGpHHSI BH npHBTGA H nOMOmHHK, KOHTO me BH H36aBH.,,

B CbmHH AOKyMCHT C CJ30pMyAHp3HO H CAHO HOBO nOAHTHHCCKO OTHOLUCHHe CnpSIMO TypUHTC KBTO HapOA, OTHOmCHHC KpSHHO ACMOKpaTHHHO H HapOAHOCTHO TOAepsHTHo: BHa CCKHFO 6HA OT KSKBS H Aa- e Ha- pOAHOCT, na H caMHH TypnHH, ccAHme MHPHO, me 6'bAe noHHTana: HCCTTS My, HMOT-BT My, WHBOTS My, TTDH CbmO H BSjp3T3 My. HSMepCHHCTO HH C C3MO Aa HSFOHHM HCCHOCHOTO 3AoynoTpe6AeHHe H Aa CH A06HeM HSpOAHHTe npSBAHHH H HGAOBeHCCKSTS CBOr 6oAa.tt15

LUyM-bT, KOHTO BAHFSA K3C360B OKOAO HOABH- SHTC HS X. flHMHTpOB3T3 HGT3, OKypSWHTCAHHTG AO- nHCKH, KOHTO nGH3T3A, o6HapOABaHeTO H3 CnOMGHB- THTG AOKyMGHTH H ynaCTHGTO My B npHFOTOBACHH- 5IT3 HS HCTaTa, — BCHHKO TOBa npHHyAHAO pyM-bH- CKOTO npaBHTGACTBO — nopaAH npOTCCTHHTC HOTH HS FIopTSTS — Aa apecryBs peAaKTopa Ha ^HapoA- HOCT" H Aa ro A"fep>KH ABa Meceqa B SSTBOP npes CCCHTS HS 1868 r.16

ETO TOBS e MB. K3ca6oB, npeAH Aa ce noHBH JICBCKH B-hB BAauiKO npes CCCHTS HS 1868 r. SJCHO e, ne peAaKTop-bT HS „HSPOAHOCT" e 6HA Bene HSTTDK- H3T ACeU BCpCA peBOAIOUHOHCpHTe CMHFpSHTH. YHS- CTByBSA B MHOmCCTBO nOAHTHHCCKH H 6yHTOBHH HC- CnOAyKH, TOH npHTCHOBBA SHaHHTCACH OnHT H py THHS. HerosaTa wypnaAHCTHHecKa ACHHOCT, KOHTO AO cera He e npoynsaHa, roBopn sa eAHH^6yAeH H HOA- BH>KeH HHTepCC K"bM peBOAKDUHOHHHTG H nOAHTHHC¬ CKH yHGHHH Ha HGFOBOTO BpGMG. BAaAGGHCTO Ha Hy >KAH GSHUH H KDpHAHHCCKOTO 06pa30BaHHG Ca AaBBAH BIJSMOWHOCT Ha Kaca6oB3 AGCHO AS ycBosiBs espo- HGHCKH nOAHTHHCCKH BAHflHHS. B CnOMGHHTG CH TOH

22

npHSHSBa, HC TaHHHTG pCBOAlOUHOHHH o6meCTB3 6HAH CTSHSAH HGFOBa „HAeSJ-ct)HKC" OmC OT BpGMGTO Ha 6HArpaACK3T3 My ACHHOCT: HCTHA poMaHH ss HTSAH- SHCKHTC K3p60H3pCKH APy>K6CTB3 H 33 TSHHHTC pGBOAKD- UHOHHHKp-bFOBe B OpaHUHH npG3 XVIII H HSH3A0T0 HS XIX BCK. MHCTCpHOSHHTC UepeMOHHH H3 33KAeB3HeTO B TaHHHH KOMHTCT C3 MOKC 6H GAHS npOHBa HS T33H HCFO- Ba cTpacT. Ho Hemo noBene — K3ca6oB TB-bpAH, ne e BAHS-bA B nHCMCHH OTHOmeHHH C „pCBOAKDUHOHHH o6mecTBa H p-bKOBOAHTCAH B Espona", ne HMSA yro- BOpH SS CbAGHCTBHe C BsKyHHHS H M3UHHH H HC THH AB3M3 peBOAHDUHOHCpH C3 CbBCTBSAH KSKTO HCFO, TTDH H CbTpyAHHUHTe My npn oco6eHo saTpyAHHTCAHH no- AOKCHHH. KaTO AQKasaTCACTBO 33 TOBS C3 npHAO- WCHH B CnOMCHHTC My ACHCTBHTCAHHTe H TBHHHTC aApecH Ha BaKyHHHs H MSUHHH BJIOHAOH.H napH>K, a CbmO KOA'bT H UIH^-bp-bT 33 npCHHCKa C.THX.17

OTHOCHO sp-bSKHTe Ha Kac36oBa c BaKyHHH HC MOKC Aa ce Ka>Ke HHmo onpcAeACHO, HOHOKC AHn- CB3T AaHHH 33 THX. Ho HC KaCB6oB e HMBA cepno- 3HO OTHOmCHHC KTaM peBOAK)UHOHHO-OpraHH33TOp- CKSTS H nOAHTHHCCKSTS ACHHOCT H3 flmySCne Ms- UHHH, AHHH H OT C06CTBeHHTe My CT3THH H OT MHO- >KeCTBO ApyFH yKSSSHHH. B HCpHOAS 1868—1869 F. TOH AOTOAKOB3 CC yBAHHS OT MaUHHH3MS, HC HOCAC- AHHHT CT3B3 HpCS HeFO 4)3KTOp B nOAHTHHCCKHH KH- ne>K^H3 6'bAr3pcKSTS eMHrpsuHH BizB BA3mKo H paBa HACHHS HSCOKS HS UHAS rpyna pesoAiouHOHepH. Tosa me npoAHHH Ao6pe aT aHaAH33Ta Ha AHTepsTypHHH MaTepnaA, B KOHTO SSCMST cpeAHmHO MHCTO CTSTHHTC H H3K33B3HHHTS HS Kaca6oBa H X0paT3 OT HCFOSHH Kp-br. Ho npeAH Aa npncrbnHM K-bM Tasn pemaaama aHaAH33, Heo6xoAHMO e Aa CH ynCHHM no-noApo6HO KOH e MauHHH H mo e MamiHHSM-bT npes OHOBS AC- CeTHACTHC.^ EAB3 CACA TOB3 OTKAOHCHHC B o6AaCTTa HS esponcHCKaTa noAHTHHecKs HCTOPHH npes nbp- BSTS nOAOBHHa H3 XIX BCK me MOKCM ACCHO A3 H3- AHpHM H p33rp3HHHHM HACHTC, KOHTO B"bAHyB3T 61*11' rapcKaT3 PCBOAIOUHOHHS CMHFPSUHH HS npcACAs Me- >KAy 60-Te H 70-Te FOAHHH.

23

2. WmHHH, wMJ!RflR EBPOnR" M

CJ1ABHHCTBOTO

B Hsna^OTo Ha XIX BCK MTSAHH, KOHTO 6e pas- nOK-bCSHa nOAHTHHCCKH MOKAV MHOHtCCTBO Ape6HH BABACTCAH, nsncKHH npecTOA H aBCTpHHCKaT3 HMne- pHH, nocTeneHHO ocb3HSB3me caoeTO HSUHOHSAHOHe- maCTHC. Op3HUy3K3Ta peBOAHDUHH H HO-KlbCHHTe pe- BOAIOUHOHHH HSOyXH B Espona HMSXS CBOH OTFABC H B MT3AHH: 06p330B3HH 6yp>K03, nHCSTCAH, HHHOB- HHUH, 6HBLUH OC^HUCpH OT HanOACOHOBaTS apMHH, a CbmO T-bH HSBeCTCH 6pOH CTyACHTH H pa60THHUH Ce B'bOAyUJCBHBaXB OT HACHTS 33 HaUHOHaAHO OCB06o>K- ACHHC H 06eAHHeHHe Ha HTaAHHHUHTC — HACH, 33- BemaH3 ome OT ASHTC H HC 33ry6HAS HHKora CBO- HT3 >KH3HeH0CT. T3HHH K3p6oH3pCKH APy>KeCTBa yCTpOHBaxa CTsSaKAflTHH 33 npOFOHBSHe HS KHHSCTC H SBCTpHHUHTe. Ho TOSH M3/106p0eH SKTHBCH CAOH BO- Aeme nponaraHAa H AeHCTByBame noHTH 6e3 noA-

KpenaTa na napoAHHTe Macn, KOHTO ome He 6Hxa OCb3HaAH Heo6xOAHMOCTT3 OT 6op63Ta Cpemy BbH- LUHOTO H BbTpeiUHO nOTHCHHHeCTBOJ TC 6HXa nOAHTH¬ HCCKH HHGpTHH. OnHTHTC H3 TOB3 pCBOAHDUHOHHO HS- CTpoeno MaAUHHCTBo Aa OCBO6OAH MTBAHH CbC CHASTS na opb>KHeTO npes 1820 — 1821 H oco6eHO npes 1831 r.» KoraTO A3H>KeHHeT0 o6xBama BOJIOHH H UHAB cpeAna MTaAHH, nponaAaT. HemacTHO HOA >KecTO.KAaTa 6e3KopHCTHa noMom —

24

ocp6eHo Tasn Ha OpanuHH. Ho, BbnpeKH HHKOH oSe- maHHH H CnHSOAHHHH 3aCTl>nBaHHH OT TpCTOCTenCH- HO SHSHCHHe, HHKOH BCAHKS CHAS Ha TOFaBaiUHa

Bpona He ce HSMCCH cepnosHO B noAsa Ha HTaAH- HUHTC FlopSWCHHHTS H HecnoAyKHTe A3AOxa Ha

HTaAHHHCKHTe HapOAHH BOAaHH ABOCH ypOKI He HC MO>Ke H HC 6HB3 Aa ce pasHHTa Ha B-bHiuHa noMom H ne e 36CO/IIOTHO Heo6xOAHMO HT3AHHHCKHHT HSpOA Aa A^* 6He nOAHTHHCCKO B-b3nHT3HHe, 33 Aa ce npes-bpHe H3- UHAO B aKTHBCH 6opeU 33 CB060A3T3 CH.

TCSH ABC OCHOBHH H3H3Aa ca JiCFHaAH H a no- AHTHHCCKOTO yHCHHC H ACHHOCTTS HS T3A3HTAHBHH renyeseu flwysene MSUHHH. POACH HS 1805 r. a CCMeHCTBOTO H3 HSBCCTCH npoc^ccop-MCAHK, nOAyHHJI 6AeCTHme 06p330B3HHe, M3UHHH 33n0HB3 Aa KOHC- nHpnpa ome OT 1821 r. Flpes 1830 r. TOH6HBa HOA- FOHCH OT HTSAHHHCKHTe npSBHTCACTSS, HSHyCKS MTS- AHH H H3AH3S B nOAHTHHCCKO HSFHBHHC, KOeTO Tpae — c KpaTKOBpeMCHHH 6ypHO-peBOAiouHOHHH saap-b- maHHH — 6AH3y 40 FOAHHH MauHHH ce ABH>KH npes TOSH nepnoA Me>KAy LUseHuapHH, n3pHH< H JlOHAOH. TpH6yH'bT HS HT3AHHHCK3T3 HCSaBHCHMOCT G He caMo HaAspen MHCJIHTCA H jiHTepsTop, HC cawo HACOAOF Ha HTaAHHHCKHH HSUlHOHBAHSbM OT OHOBa BpCMC, HO H Opr3HH33TOp H3 peBOJIKDUHOHHH ABH- WCHHH B MTSAHH H Espons H3o6mo. FOASJMOTO My AHTepsTypHO HSCACACTBO H Heo6o3pHMaTa My MOK- AyHspoAHS npenncKS AasaT BTaSMOKHOCT Aa onepTaeM HCHO ocHOBHHTe HACH na noAHTHHecKaT3 nporpsMa, H3 pCBOAIOUHOHHSTS T3KTHK3 H H3 Opr3HH3SUHOHHHT5 HansAa, npHnaraHH OT HGFO B npoAbA>KeHHe Ha Ae~ CeTHACTHH.

YHCHHeTo Ha MauHHH sa Hau,HHTa e eAHa „peAHrHH Ha HaunoHaAHSMa". MBor H HapoA" (Dio e Popolo) e AeansbT, KOHTO TOH HOCTSBH na CBOHTC nOJlHTHH€CKH HpOFpaMH. CnopCA HCFO, OTG- HCCTBOTO, HapOAVT, HaUHHTS C3 KOACKTHBHa HHAH- BHAySAHCCT, CbSASAGHa OT TBOpHCCKOTO npOBHAGHHe,

25

To e onpeACAHAO Ha BCCKH HapoA oco6eHa HCTOPH- HCCKS MHCHH HS SGMHTB (missione spezisle). Msn^AHe- HHCTO H3 nOCACAHSTS Ce H3p33HB3 B HHAHBHAyaA- HOTO npOHBACHHe Ha HaUHHTS. C ApyFH AyMH, HSUHO- HaAHOCTTa, Tosa e poAHTa, mo 6or onpeAeAH Ha BCCKH HapOA B FOACMHH nA2H Ha o6mOHOBeLlJKOTO pSSBHTHC. ETO SSmO 33 M3UHHH „H3UHOH3A- HOCTia e CBHTa". THHC 6HBS Aa 6'bAe 33po6- BBHa HAH paSK-bCBSHS HS HSCTH, T-bH K3T0 B nO.Mo6HO CbCTOHHHe HC me MO>Ke Aa OCbmCCTBH npOBHACHUHSA- HOTO CH nocASHHC. EcTecTBCHOTo yCAOBHe, o6e3neH3- BamO eAHHCTBGHO paSBHTHeTO H, CH-bAHSTa CBO- 6 o A a, — CBo6oAa noAHTHnecKa, CToriaHCKa, KyA- TypH3 H C0UH3AH3. CB06oAaT3 6 ABACHS OT TBOpGUS K3TO „npHpOAHO" yCAOBHC 33 WHB0T3 HS H3LJHHT3 H nopsAH TOBS e ^csemcHa". BCHKS BASCT HAH FOC- noACTBO HSA HspoAa — 6HAO TO HywAOHapoAHO, AHHaCTHHCCKO, TCOKpaTHHCCKO, KAaCOBO, CAHHOAHHHO — C BpCAHTCAHO H HCHSBHCTHO, TO y6HBS CB06oAaT3 H TPH6BS Aa 6'bAe 6e3MHAOCTHO yHHmo>KeHO. CSMO HapoAOBAcCTHGTO o6e3neHaB3 CBCmCHSTS CB060Aa H3 HHAHBHA3 H HSpOAaj CAHHCTBCHaTS BTaSMOWHS A^P" >K3BH3 ^OpMS HS HSUHHTa 6 p C n y 6 A H K 3 T 3. BcCKH Apyr BHA o6mecTBeHa BASCT e no-HBHo HAH no-npn- KpHTO CpeACTBO 33 nOATHCHHHeCTBO H CKCnAOSTSUHH. T-bH HC H „peny6AHK3T3 e CBHTS", TH e HCO- TCMAGM 3H3K HS HapOAHBTS CB06oAa, HS CyBGpeH- HSTS HSUHH. 3a pa ce o6e3neHH ACHCTBHTeAHOTO pa- BGHCTBO H CBo60Aa H3 BCHHKH CbHSpOAHHUH, MaUHHH npGABHWAa B' pGBOAKDUHOHHHH CH UPaH COUHaAHO H AOpH KBaSH-COUHSAHCTHHCCKO npeyCTpOHCTBO. To C OT CAHS CTp3H3 n-bAHO OTpHUSHHC H3 KSHHTSAHCTH- HCCKHH AH6epSAH3'bM, HO OT APyFS HC nOSHSBS p33- rpaHHHeHHeTO Ha KAacHTe H KAacosaTS 6op6s, a 6opaBH CSMO c o6moTO HOHHTHC HapoA. Tosa ca M'bFAHBHTG H HeonpeACACHH nCpCnCKTHBH Ha MsiJH- HHCBSTS counaAHa cnpaBCA/inBocT. KSKBO e npeACTS- BHAS TH, MOKC Aa ce CbAH no CAHO HCFOBO C6HTO

26

HSKasBSHe npes 1849 r.: „fla ce yHHmo>KH nancTBOTO., Aa Ce yHHmO>KH AyXOBCHCTBOTO H apHCT0Kp3THHTar. c TOBS Aa ce OCBO6OAHT 6Asr3Ta H Aa ce B-bpnaT Ha 3aKOHHHH HM C06CTBeHHK — OHCSH, KOHTO HC npH- TOKasaT HHmo; Heo6xoAHMO e Aa ce yCTaHOBH COUH- aAH3-bM, 33 KOHTO CB060AaT3 e CAHHCTBeHSTS UCA. . ."17-a OHAOCO^CKHTe HOSHUHH H3 M3UHHH, p336Hp3 CC, CS 6HAH CbBCCM Hy>KAH, AOpH npOTHBOnOAO>KHH H3 OHHH HS HByHHHH COUHSAHSTDM, C HHHTO npeACTSBHTCAH TOH e noACMHSHpSA ynopHTo.

3a MSUHHH CBo6oAaTa H paseHCTBOTO ca CAHO- BpCMCHHO COLJHaAHH, HpSBCTBGHH H peAHFHOSHH HO- HHTHH. TOBS CS CBO6OA3 H PSBCHCTBO SS TpyA, sa H3n"bAHeHHe HS A^Jira, 33 HPSBCTBCHS CAy>K63 Ha 06mH0CTT3. K3KTO A"bp>K3B3Ta H HapOAVT, T^H H OTACAHSTS AHHHOCT HMST BHCmSTS 3SA3H3 Aa CAy>K3T HS npeAHsnepTSHHH OT 6ors HSttpeA^K — cbSAass- HCTO H3 BCe nOBCHC CB060AHH H3UHH. EAHHHHHHHT HOBCK He >KHBee CSM sa ce6e CH, a CAy>KH Ha Haixn- HT3 AO Ce6eOTpHUSHHef CAyjKH 33 HCHHOTO OCBO60- >KAeHHe H ycbB-bprneHCTByssHC. TOBS e CMHCbA-bT Ha HOBemKHH >KHBOT. T^KMO nopaAH Tasn o6mecTBeHa CJjyHKUHH Ha HOBCllIKOTO 6HTHe TBOpeUTiT C HBAapHA HOBCKa C CCTeCTBCH HHCTHHKT H BOAH 33 CB060Aa ome OT po>KAeHHeTO My, HaAapHA ro e H c nyscTBO Ha npHB-bpSBHOCT H AIO60B K'bM pOAHH3T3 My, 33 KOHTO TOH TpH6Ba Aa TBOpH H Aa ce HiCpTByBa. B>KH- BOT-bT e CAHO nocAaHHe. flo6poAeTeAT3 ce nspasnaa B caM0>KepTB3. R c3M0>KepTBaTa e CBHTS."

B 06mHH HCTOpHHCCKH HASH Ha MaU.HHH HSUH- HT3 HC e CAHO erOHCTHHHO, H30AHp3HO HBACHHe B CBGTS, a HfieH OT 06mH0CTTa HS CB060AHHTe H3UHH, KOHTO CTaCTBBHT HOBeHGCTBOTO. HoBeHGCTBOTO C TOA- KOB3 CBHTO, KOAKOTO H H3UHHT3. M3UHHH nHUJe: „Ko- FSTO FOBOpHM 33 H3UHH, HHC HMBMG npCABHA BCHHKH 0CB060AeHH H3pOAH, no6paTHMeHH H CApy>KeHH. HOBCHeCTBOTO C CAPyWCHHC Ha OTACAHHTC OTGHeCTBa^ TO e Chios Ha HeuHHTC, CbCTasen c UCA Aa HSHTDAHHT

27

B MHp H AK)60B CBOCTO SGMHO nOCJISHHe." HaUHHTC ca paBHH noMe>KAy CH no noAHTHHecKH npasa, Te TPH6B3 Aa CH noMsraT BSSHMHO 3a o6moTo npeycnn- B3He. H3H-B3>KHHHT TCXCH npeACTOHm eT3n e A3 CH HOMOFHST BSSHMHO A9 CTSHST peny6AHKH. K3TO ro- BOpH 33 HSUHHTG, MaUHHH HMa npGA OHH HC OHHH OT MHH3AOTO HAH HGFOBSTS CbBpCMCHHOCT — WH3UH- HTC H3 MOHSpCHTC, ABOpHHCTBOTO, THpaHHHTa H HOAM- UCHCKHTC pe>KHMHw, 3 HaUHHTC H3 6"bAemeTO, OCB060- ACHH OT COUH3AHHH, CTOAaHCKH H nOAHTHHCCKH FHCT, opraHHsyBaHH B ACMOKpaTHHHH peny6AHKH.— noAo6Ho BCeHOBCllIKO o6me>KHTHe HMS npCABHA TOH H FO HS- PHHS BLa sants alleanzs dei Popoli" ~ CBemeH CblOS H3 HSpOAHTC.

PeAHFHOSHOCTTS H3 M3UHHH HC 6HB3 A3 CXBa- mSMC B IVbpKOBHHH K3TOAHH2CKH CMHCbA. TOH 6 6HJI HSH-OKCCTOHeHHHT BpSF HB HSttCKHH HHCTHTyT, TpSA^' UHOHHSTB U-bpKBS H AyXOBCHCTBOTO. BHp3T3 My CC 6 H3p33HB3A3 nOAHTHHCCKH B HCTOpHOCOcJ>CKST3 KOH- uenuHH 33 6or3. R TH e CB-bpssHS c HACHTS sa AO- 6pOTO H SAOTO, 33 HSnpCA'bKS HS HOBCHeCTBOTO. ETO KSK xspsKTepHsnpa MaunHH CBOHTS peAHrnos- HOCT: WBOFTDT HS XPHCTHHHHTC HC e MOHT 6or; TOH e 6or OT ACTCKSTS $333 HS HOBemKOTO 6HTHe. Bor, eAHHCTBCHSTS npHHHHS H3 BCHKO TBOpeHHC, HC no- 3H3B3 OTAGAHHTe HHAHBHAyaAHOCTH. TOH HC 6 CbSAan Bac H MGHC, a HOBenecTBOTO, OT KOCTO HHC npons- XO>KA3Me. C-bSASBSHKH HOBClllKHH pOA, TOH My e AapnA CAHH npHHunn (saKon), AapHA My ecnoco6HOcr sa HanpeA"bK. .. . Rs He CbM XPHCTHHHHH. MOHT 6or HHM3 nOHTH HHmO o6mO C 6or3 H3 XpHCTHHHCK3Ta AOFMa, HO see naK as CbM A^^^OKO peAnrnoseH, npeAH BCHHKO C UHAOTO CH CbpUG, B FABCa Ha MOHTa CbBecT, a CACA TOBB H B pasywa H MHCAHTG CH . . ." KSTO HsynasaM B noc^eAQBSTGAHHTG GOOXH HCTO- pHHTa HG Ha HHAHBHAHTG, a HB MaCHTG, 33 OTKpHBaM AGHCTBHGTO HB GAHa CHJia HAH SBKOH, KOHTO FH BOAH BHHarn BCC no-naropG, OT CTenen Ha CTGHGH H OT

28

SJIO K'bM Ao6po. BcaKa 6AarppoAHa H CBHTB HAGH,, nyCH3T3 BCAHSW B o6p3meHHC, no6e>KAaB3 HCMHHy- CMO, B-bnpeKH BCHHKH npeHKH H npecACABSHHH npea BeKOBCTC . . . BCHKO 3JIO HaHHHaHHC, BCHKO HaiueCTBHC na AHBH Bapsapn, BCHKB TnpaHHH Ha rpy6aT3 CHAa BOAH K'bM nO-CHAHO npOTHBOACHCTBHC H3 A06pOTO M K'bM nO-UlHpOKO pSSHpOCTpSHCHHC HS XyMSHHOCTTa, K'bM yBCAHHaBaHe HS CBo6oASTa. HanpeATjK-bT e CAHH 33KOH H H3yK3Ta MH FO OTKpHBa npCAH BCHHKO B MSTepnaAHHH CBHT. TOSH B-bpxoBCH SSKOH e M'bA'bp H A06"bp . . ."

OnpHH Ha CBOCTO yHCHHC, MaUHHH Cb3AaB3 B MTSAHH npes 1831 r. ABHWCHHCTO WMA3A3 MTSAHH" — peBOAKDUHOHHO-nOAHTHHCCKH H C^mCBpCMCHHO KyA- TypCH CbKDS OT OTACAHH opraHHsauHH C KOHCnHpa- THBCH XapSKTCp. J,MA3AS MTBAHH

U CH HOCTSBHAa CACA" HHTC UCAH : 06eAHHeHHeT0 H 0CB06o>KAeHHeTO Ha HTaAHHHUHTC OT Hy>KAOBAaCTHHH aBCTpHHCKH FHCT, OT Ape6HHTe KH.H>KeCKH AHH3CTHH, OT nSHCKSTa BAaCT H U-bpKBaTa; npcMaxsaHCTO HS COUHSAHOTO H cronaH- CKO HaAMomne Ha BHCILIHTC CbCAOBHH; npeBijSnHTa- BBHCTO H3 HSpOAa, npHSOBSBSHCTO H3 UJHpOKHTe M3CH K'bM SKTHBGH 06meCTBeH >KHBOT H H3KpaH ycTaHOBHsaHeTO HS ACMOKpsTHHCCKa peny6AHKa. 3a HSn-bAHCHHeTO Ha THH FOACMH SBAaHH CC npCABHW- ABAO ABOHKa ACHHOCT: n-bpBO — KyATypHO H nOAH¬ THHCCKH B-bSHHTaTCAHS c nOMOmTS HS yHCHH, HHCS- TCAH, X0p3 H3 H3KyCTBOTO, T. C. npOnSFSHAS C nepo, CAOBO H o6p33; BTOpO — npsKTHHHO KOHCnHpaTHBHa pa60T3. MSUHHH no TSKTDB HSHHH CbHCTSBSA MHCbATa CbC CHAaTS H ACAOTO, HHAHBHAa C KOACKTHBS. TOBa C HCFOBOTO „PenSiero e Rzione" — MHCbA H ACAO. CSM TOH e H3B-bpmHA orpoMHs pasHCHHTCAHa pa6oTa c pCHH, 6pOlliypH, CTBTHH, B-bSBaHHH, npOFpSMH H HO' FOACMH AHTCpaTypHH TpyAOBC.

FIOAy T3HHHHT CblOS „MA3A3 MT3AHH" npOHSXO- mpan OT K3p6oH3pcKHTe CApyweHHH, HO (JJOPMHTC My cs 6HAH ynpocTeHH M noAo6peHH. OpraHHsai^HHTs

29

vmana uem-psjiHO ynpsBAeHHC, O6A3CTHH H n-bpBH- HHH KOMHTCTH, KOHTO C3 Bep6yB3AH HAeHOBC H nOA" FOTBHAH MSTepHBAHO H AyXOBHO pCBOAKDUHHTS. Flpe- nncKSTS ce BOAGAS CTJC mnc^pn no pssHH HHCAOBH CH

ycnex HS MSUHHH B MTSAHH e Bp-bSKSTS My c Fspn- 6aAAM H BAHHHHeTO stpxy HCFO, oco6eHO npes n-bp- B3T3 n0A0BHH3 H3 HCFOBSTS ACHHOCT. JlereHASpHHTC nOABHSH HS TOSH peBOAFOUHOHCH nTDAKOBOACU C3 CB-bpSSHH HCpSSK-bCBSeMO C HMCTO HS M3UHHH.

OT MTSAHH MSUHHH 6'bp3o npcHSCH peBomo- UHOHHHTe CH HASHOBG . HS MOKAyHSpOAHO nOAC. FITDPBOHSHSAHHHT My Kpoe>K e Aa opraHH3yB3 OCBO- 60AHTeAHHTe ACMOKpSTHHHH ABHHiCHHH H3 OHHH H3- pOAH, KOHTO >KHBeexs nOA pe>KHMS H3 X36c6yprCK3T3 AHH3CTHH HAH SSBHCCXS HHK3K OT HCH. T3K3 CC o6p3- SyBS nOAHTHHCCKHHT CbKDS wMA3Aa EspOHS" CbC ceAa- AHmC LUBCHUapHH H n-bpBH HACHOBC „MA3Aa MTSAHH", MMA3Aa FloAiiia" H MMAaAa FepMSHHH". Ho nocre- neHHO ce OCJJOPMHBST H BcrbnBST B CbK)33 „MAaAa LLlBeHuapHH*, „MAaA3 OpaHunn", „MA3A3 HcnsHHH" H Ap. T0B3 CBponCHCKO peny6AHK3HCKO ABHHiCHHe — ,,P3rtito d'Rzione Europeo" — HMSAO CBOH ycT3B H nporpsMS, CbcTsscHH OT MSUHHH B CbFAScne c npeA- CTSBHTCAHTC HS ApyFHTC CTpSHH. BASFOAapCHHe Ha CBOH AHTCpSTypeH TSASHT, FOAHMa npOAyKTHBHOCT H CHeprHH MSUHHH npHAo6HB3 orpoMHs nonyAHpnocT BCpCA H3npeAHHH3B3Ta HHTCAHFeHUHH Ha EspOHS H CC CB-bpSBS 33 p33MHH3 HS MHCAH, CbTpyAHHHeCTBO H npHHTCACTBO C HOHTK BCHHKH BHAHH pCBOAKDUHO- HCpH-ACMOKpSTH H AH6epSAH H3 BpeMCTO, HSnpHMCp^ JICAPHD-POACH, KoiUyT, XepUCH, OrSpCB H AOpH BSKyHHH.

P336HpS CC, OTAGAHHTe HSUHOHa/lHO-OCBO^OAH- TCAHH H nOAHTHHGCKH ABH>KGHHH, npGACTSBCHH B MMASA3 Espons", HMSXS CBOH OC06eHH, A0K3AHH HACOAOrHHCCKH OTCGHKH, C KOHTO CG OTAHH3B3X3 OT MSUHHH3M3 H HGFOBSTa HOAHTHHCCKa 6G3KOMnpOMHC- HOCT. MH03HH3 OT HACHHHTC npHHTGAH HS M3UHHH AOTOAKOB3 CBOAHpSXS, HC CC On"bAHHXS npOTHB yHC- HHCTO My. Oco6eHO HenpneMAHBS 33 eBponencKHTe AeMOKpSTH-pCBOAHDUHOHepH 6e OH33H H3CT OT HCFO, B KOHTO ce noAHepT3B3me HACHTS SS AyxoBHOTO n-bp- SCHCTBO H3 HT3AHHHCKHH HSpOA, HeFOBOTO,. ThPi pa CC

31

Kawe, nnoMasaHHHecTBO*, npeAonpeACACHHC Aa AOHCCC na eBponencKOTO HOBenecTBo CBo6oAa, paaeHCTBO H KyATypB. B THH HSrbKBSHHH npOTHBHHUHTC H3 HTS¬ AHHHCKHH TpH6yH BH>KAaxa CAHS UIOBHHHCTHHHB TCH- AGHUHH. HO BCC n3K HeFOBHTC nHCSHHH, .MA3A3 MTB- JIHH" H wMA3Aa Espona" HMaxs orpoMHO BAHHHHC AO 60-Te FOAHHH HS XIX BCK, oco6eHo HS crpsHUTe Ha MsTOHna Espons, FACTO npo6neMHTe HS HSUHOHSA- HOTO ocBo6o>KAeHHe HC 6HXS ome psspemeHH.

KaTO HCKpCH H (^aHSTHHCH pCBOAKDUHOHep, flwysene MBUHHH npoHBHBBA >KHBO cbnyBCTBHe H HHTCpCC K'bM BCHHKH HSpOAH, KOHTO n0A06H0 H3 HTS- J1HHHCKHH CC 6opHAH 33 HeSSBHCHMOCT H o6eAHHeHHe. B ycrasa HS MIAnapa EBpons" TOH pame npeABHAHA CCKUHH HC CSMO 33 FOAeMHTC CTpSHH, HO CbmO 33 VHrapHH, PyM-bHHH, F^PUHH H Apyrn ome HeocBo6o- ACHH HapoAH. CnopeA Hero, BCHKa OT THH CCKUHH MOFJIS Aa HMa a6C0AK)TH3 HCSSBHCHMOCT, m© CC OT- HSCH AO P360T3T3 B HCHHaTa CTpSHS, HO BCHHKH TC SaCAHO TpH6BaAO A3 06eAHHHBST CHAHTC CH 33 o6mO pGBOJUOUHOHHO AGHCTBHC HAH 33mHT3 HS HHTCpCCHTG CH B nOAXOAHmHH MOMGHT.

CASBHHCKHTG HSPOAH, nosHSTH TorsBB B SsnaAHa Espona TB-bpAe MSAKO, HHfepccyBaAH MBUHHH oco- 6eHO. Flpes 1841 r., HanpHMep, Ha eAHa 6eceAa B JlOHAOH 33 nOASJUHTC H TCXHHTC H3UHOH3J1HH 6op6H TOH B-bSASA nOHHT KTsM HCTHMBTS HSBCCTHH pyCKH AC- Ka6pHCTH, SaFHHS^H 33 ACMOKpSTHHCCKSTa HACH. Ma¬ UHHH c'b6HpaA CBeACHHH sa BCHMKH CASBHHCKH AHTC- paTypn, HCCTO nniueA sa FIoAiija, a npes 1845 r. CbACHCTByBaA 38 nOMHpHBaHCTO H3 pyCKHTC H noA- CKHTC ACM0KP3TH.— „MA3A3 no^IU3M 6H/13 B3>KeH HACH Ha „MAaA3 EBpona". R npes 1862 r. B MocKsa HSAnsa B-bSBSHHeTO HS MMA3Aa PyCHH*' 33 pCBOAKDUHOHHO nocTHraHC HB A^MOKpSTHHecKS cJ)eAep3THBHa peny- 6jjHKa CbC counaAHH pe(}>opMH.

C npOSpCHHCTO H3 HCHSBHCTTa CH K'bM RflCTpHH Ma¬ UHHH cxsama, HC JOWHHTC CASBHHH MOFST Aa 6'bAaT Ao6pH

32

CbI03HHUH H3 HTSAHHHUHTC Cpemy HCH. SSTOBa TOH H3y- H3B3 MHH3AOTO H HSCTOHLUCTO HM. H3p33 HS TOH HHTCpCC ca HSBCCTHHTC My wCAaBHHCKH nHCMa". B nnCMO OT 1857 r. HCTeM: .Flo ACCHHH 6pHr Ha flyHass, OT Opmo- B3 HSAOAy, WHBCHT 4—5 MHAHOHa CAaBHHH,— 6'bArapH, ecTecTBCHH rocnoAapn Ha BBAKSHS. Te BA"bXBST n-hxa na CBo6oAaTS, KOHTO AOCTHFS AO THX OT C'bp6HH, H H3nHTB3T BAHHHHCTO HS Cp'b6CKOTO AHTCpaTypHO H HaUH0H3AH0 ABHWCHHC. FIpHBHAHO CnOKOHHH, TC (6TSA- rapHTe) ce FOTBHT sa 6'bAemeTO, KSTO CbWHBHBST KyATa K'bM MHH3AOTO CH. TypUHTC HM 3s6p3HHBST Aa CH H3AaB3T BCCTHHUH, HO TC nSSHT BTDB BCCKH AOM c6HpKH OT HSpOAHH nCCHH H nO CAHH CKSCMnAHp OT HCTOpHHTS HS BeHCAHHS, HGTCHS H KOMCHTHpSHS AOpH HS KOAH6HTe."

MSUHHH ce e SSMHCAHA H Bi^pxy 6T3AemaTS A'bpnoBHS ypeA63 H3 Cbp6H H 6'bAr3pH, K3TO HS- T-bKBSA B ApyrO HHCMO, HC TC HO eCTCCTBCHH yCAO- BHH >KHBeHT npH HCTHHCKO COUH3AHO paaeHCTBO H SBTOBB ACCHO Ul^ 06pS3yB3T A^P^SBCH CbKDSJ AO- KQTO X*bpB3THTe C THXHOTO ABOpHHCTBO B'b36y>KAST HCAOBCpHe y THH AB3 HSpOAa. R B HHCMO OT 1858 F. MaunHH ce ocBo6o>KAaBa OT CBOHTC onsceHHH H npeApHHS, ne B Espons me ce o6ps3yB3 HCTB^PTS CASBHHCK3 C^CACpSTHBHS o6mHOCT — ACMOKpSTHHC- CKHTC peny6AHKH HS nepHoropun, AaAMSTHHun, CAO- BCHUH, X-bpB3TH, Cbp6H H 6'bAr3pH. B HOBHH yCT3B HS Me>KAyH3pOAH3TS Opr3HH33UHH „MASA3 Espons", HSABACH npes 1858 r, MaunHH TBTDPAH, ne „BocHa H B"bArapHH HCyKpOTHMO Ce B-bAHySST". 3HaHH, HCMy cs 6HAH nOSHSTH KOAKO-FOAC 6'bAr3pCKHTe OCBO6OAH- TCAHH CTpGMOKH H BTsS 0CH0B3 HS THX TOH C pSSMH- CAHA 33 6"bAr3pCK3 (jJCACpSTHBHS peny6AHK3.

Bes CbMHCHHe, nOAHTHHeCKHTe My BHyme- HHH H 0HSKB3HHH 33 CMCTKS HS KDHiHHTC CA3BH- HH C3 CTanaAH 6^30 HSBCCTHH Ha HBTPHOTHH- H3T3 HHTCAHFeHUHH B HeXHH, X-bpsaTCKO, C'bp6HH, Ta AOpH H PyM-bHHH. OTACAHH BHAHH npCACTaBHTCAH

33

H3 T33H HHTCAHFeHUHH CS BAH33AH B HHCMOBHa Bp^bS- Ka c MaunHH H Aopn ca ro nocemaeaAH AHHHO, 33 Aa nOAyHST OT HCFO CbBCTH H HSmaTCTSHH. T"bH HMCTO Ha MaUHHH H HCFOBOTO yHCHHe CC A06AH>KaB3T AO Cc})ep3TS H3 6'bAr3pCK3TS eMHfp3HTCKa nOAHTHHCCKa ACHHOCT.18

34

3. MRUMHMSM'bT HH KRCftBOBR M rpyn/vm MV

Ha 1 HHyapn 1868 E. MBSH KSC36OB ny6AHKyB3A B ,,H3p0AH0CT" yBOAHa CTBTHH nOA SSFAaBHC »nOAH¬ THHCCKa paBHOCMCTKa Ha 6'b.rfrapcKHH HapoA 33 FOAH- HHTC 1866 H 1867". B HeHBenece rosopH HC sa HCTH, a 33 pCBOAIOUHH. KaC36oB 3SKAK)HSB3, HC M33 Aa MOKC CAHS pesoAKDUHH Aa ycnee H AOCTHTHC AO 6AS- ronoAyncH Kpsn, Heo6xoAHMO e H TpH6BaT H p a B - CTBCHO H BCmCCTBCHO npHFOTOBACHHC, Ao6pe cbCTascHa H onpeACACHS npo- rpSM3, A06pH H AGHTCAHH FASBSTSpn" H HSnOA- SyBSHCTO HS 6A3ronpHHTH3 BTaHmHO nOAHTHHCCKS CH- M'ysuHH. TOH HSXOWAS OT y6e>KAeHHCTO, HC Espons npe>KHBHB3 pCBOAHDUHOHCH nepHOA» 33mOTO nOHTH BCHHKH HBpOAH C3 nOATHCHBTH; — pCBOAKDUHHTC, CnO- peA HCFO, HC me npeCT3H3T, AOKSTO HSpOAHTC He AO- 6HHT CBO6OAST3 CH.19 B ysoAHS CTSTHH OT 3 cJjeBpyspn 1868 r. KSC36OB noAHepTSBS, ne BCCKH yrHCTen H3- poA TPH6B3 Aa ce HSAHBS HS 6or3HH3 co6cTBe- HHTC CH CHAH, 3 HOCAC H3 HOMOm OT B^hH — Bor HSnpsmaA BijHmHS noMom HS BCCKH HspoA, KOHTO ce 6He M-bWKH 33 CBo6oAaTa CH.20 flae CCAMHUH no-K-bCHO, Ha 15 (JjespyapH 1868 r., Kaca6oB B HOBS CTSTHH BTTDAnHBS CXBBmaHeTO CH 33 CSMOCTOHTCAHOCTTS Ha 0CB060AHTeAHHTe AGHCTSHH, KBTO A3B3 33 npHMCp MTSAHH, FACTO UCAHHT HapoA ce BAHFHSA CbC CBOHTC BO- Aann 33 CAHHHO ACHCTBHC 6e3 B-bHiiiHs noAKpens.21

Flo noAo6eH HSHHH ce HSKSSBS TOH B „H3POAHOCT" H Ha 13 anpHA 1868 r. — HCAHHCTBCHO npasaTO H

35

CHAaTa Ha napppa me AOHCCST CBo6oAaTa1'.22

Flpes eceHTa HS cbmaTs FOAHHS, CACA KSTO Aom"bA OT FlAoem B ByKypemi CACA KSTO e noMSFSA 33 CbCTBBHHCTO H npCXB-bpAHHCTO H3 X. flHMHTpOB3Ta HCTS B B-bAFSpHH, CACA KSTO C nHC3A H nCHBTSA npO- KA3MSUHH 33 HCH, KaC360B CBOAHpS OmC nOBCHC B CBOHTC CXBSmaHHH. B yBOAHS CTSTHH OT 11 OKTOM- BpH, nOCBCTCHS H3 6'bAr3pCKHTe B-bCTSHHH H Cne- UHSAHO HS CbA6sT3 HS X. flHMHTpOBSTS HCTS, TOH SSFOBOpBS 33 Apy>KHH ACHCTBHH H3 CAaBHHCKHTC HB- poAH cpemy TypuHH. TOBS, o63He, e CBMO ysoA KT^M roAeMHH My yAap — Aa npeACTSBH MSUHHH HS 6bA- FSpCKHTC HHTSTCAH. CACA yB0A3 CC Cb06ma8a, HC flw. MaunHH e oTnpsBHA nocASHHC AO HanpeAHHHa- BHTC CpCAH H3 nOACKHH HapOA H OC06eHO AO nOA- CKaTa CMHrpauHH B Typunn H OpsHUHH: MTSAHHHCKHHT TpH6yH 33KAHH3A nOAHUHTC Aa CC CApy>K3T C IO>KHO- CASBHHCKHTC HapoAH sa 6op6a c nopo6HTeAH HM, — CbmHTC OHHH OCMSHUH, Ha KOHTO AO CCFa CS CbTpyA- HHHHAH. YfiemaBSA noAHUHTe Aa HC ce 6OHT OT Pycnn, Aa HC CMHT3T naHCASBHSMS 33 pCSAHS nOAHTHHCCKS OnBCHOCT, nOHOKC TOH 6HA CAHH MHT, H3BHK3H 33 >KHBOT OT CBponeHCKaTS AHHAOMSUHH K3TO Op-bHiHC cpemy Pycnn. MSUHHH Hs6eAH3B3A HSKAiOHHTCAHSTa BOAanecKa POAH Ha nOAHUHTC B ocBo6oAHTeAHHTe 6op6H HB BCHHKH HapOAH OT MSTOHHa H KDFO-HSTOHHS Espons, HaH-Bcne Ha CAaBHHHTe. TOH BHWASJI B 6AH3- KOTO 6'bAemc CAHS 63AK3HCKO-AyHaBCKa cf>e- ACpSUHH OT HSpOAHH peny6AHKH. rioCASHHCTO My ssB-bpujBSAOTaKa: „C3MO peny6AHK3T3 meCMajKC naHCA3BH3MS. KaKTO BSUIHTC pOAHTGAH CS 6HAH, TT^H H BHG 6bAeTG p6ny6AHK3HUH, HO 33 GAH3 nO-o6lIIHpH3 H no-BHCOKS peny6AHKa, KOHTO H HCKB BpcMCTo... GTO TbH nOAHFHGTG SHSMCTO HS Cb>KHBHBaHGTO. BoF H CBo6oAa Ha BCHHKH 6paTH. JIOHAOH, 1 HDAH 1868 r. fl>K. MSUHHH." K'bM TOBS nocASHHC K3ca6oB p^Ba H noHCHCHHH: nncMOTO HS MSUHHH 6HAO O6H3POAB3HO HSH-n-bpBO B HTSAHHHCKHTC BCCTHHUH, 3 nO-KTsCHO BbB

36

BGCTHHK „JlH6epTea H3 >KHp3pAeH3 H HKoAOKOA" H3 XepUCHS. FIOAHTHHeCKHTe HSH3AS, KOHTO SSCTbnBSA MSUHHH, 6HAH wnpoTHBonoAO>KHH c OHHH HS uapHSMa". MaunHH He npneA Aa>Ke Aa >KHBee B oTcnecTBOTo CH, a npe6HBaBaA noBencTo BpeMC B JIOHAOH, CSMO SS- moTO 6HA peny6AHK3Heu H HC MOFTDA Aa nonscn MO- HSpXHHCCKHH pe>KHM B MTSAHH.23 CbmOTO HOCASHHC HS MSUHHH noMCCTBa HSUHAO H 6paHACK3TS „flyH3BCK3 SOpS" B 6pOH CH OT 17 OKTOMBpH 1868 F.24 UspH- rpSACKHHT BGCTHHK KypHG A'OpHSH o6p'bma BHHMaHHC H3 THH CMHFpaHTCKH nHCaHHH H FH npeACTSBH KSTO 4>3AmHHK3T, ACAO HS 6'bArspCKHTe T3HHH KOMHTCTH, CAy>KemO HS TeXHHTC nOAHTHHCCKH UCAH. K3CS60B HS 22 ACKCMBpn 1868 r. onposeprsBS KACBCTSTS, KSTO nOCOHBS 6pOH H3 pyM'bHCKHH BCCTKHK, OT KOHTO C npeneHSTaA nocAaHHeTo Ha MSUHHH. 25

BnwAaMC, nponee, ne npeAH KspsseAOB Aa ce noHBH B ByKypem, TSM scpeA 6'bArspcKSTS PCBOAIOUHOHHB CMHFpSUHH (JjepMCHTHpST nOAHTHHCCKH HACH, KOHTO CB CB"bp33HH C M3UHHH3M3 H C HeFOBHH CT3p K)>KHO-CA3- BHHCKH cJ)eAep3THBeH HASH. M B TSSH ^CpMCHTaUHH p-bKOBOAHS pOAH, CHK3m, 3SnOHB3 Aa HFpse K3CS6OB.

TOH e pemeH Aa B"bpBH H no-H3TsrbK B npnAo- weHHCTO HS OHOBS, mo 6e KOHUHnnpsHO OT MSUHHH — onHTBS ce Aa oprsHnsyss 6'bAr3pcKS PCBOAKDUHOHHS rpyna KBTO CCKUHH HB J.MASAS Espona". 3a TBSH UCA npcABapHTCAHO ce CB^psBs c nosHSTH HCMy pe- BOAIOUHOHHH AGHUH OT APyFHTe pyMbHCKH rpsAoae. TSKS HsnpHMep, TOH ce OTHSCH K^M MB. K-bpmoBCKH, 6HBUJ AernoHcp B BnAFpsA OT 1862 H 1867 r., a no Tosa BpeMC BPHC yHHTCA B 6'bArapcKOTo yHHAHme B fioprcBO. Flpes snpHA—MSH 1868 r. KSC36OB ssnonss A3 My Hsnpsma BHSPOAHOCT" H npncMS HCFOBH AO- nHCKH, CTHXOBC H ApyFH MSTCpHBAH 33 o6H3pOAB3He. Flpes asryCT 1868 r. Kac36oB PSSMCHH c K-bpmoBCKH cepnosHH nncMS, B KOHTO ce HSFASWAST cnopHH BbnpOCH, 3 H3 24 OKTOMBpH 1868 F. ApyF KSCS60B AOBepeHHK, T. KOBSHCB B Typny-MsrypeAH, nHTS c

37

HHCMO K-^pmoBCKH „K3K ce cnopssyMJixTe c M. Kacs- 6OB?"26 B HanajroTo Ha 1869 r. rpynnpoBKaTa OKOAO Kaca6oBa e Bene ocj^opMeHa. TH ce npoHBHBa npn CAHH Ba>KeH CAynati, — KoraTO BCTapHTe" nsnpaTHxa B Kpan Ha 1868 r. H3AO>KeHHe AO FlapHWKaTa KOHC^GPCHUHH. TH 6e CBHKaHa HSH-BCHC no HCKSHCTO Ha Pycnn, HO H no Apyrn npHHHHH.B Eepon^a ce onepTSBaAH 6AH3- KHTC HSFACAH HB CAHS BOHHS MOKAy OpSHUHH H FepMSHHH, KOHTO npe3 1870 F. H3HCTHH3 H36yXB3, KpHTCKOTO ABCFOAHLUHO B-bCTSHHC TpH6B3AO Aa 6"bAe AHKBHAHpSHO H3H HOCAC HpCS MHpHO CnopSSyMCHHC MCJKAy CHAHTC, 3 PyCHH HCKSAS Aa H3nOA3yB3 MOKAy- HSpOAHHTC 33nAHT3HHH, 33 Aa CC OCBO60AH OT HHKOH yHHSHTCAHH KAaySH H3 FISpHWKHH AOFOBOp OT 1856 F. 3a Aa ne B-hsdypa noAOspeHHCTO na eBponencKHTe npaBHTCACTBB OTHOCHO MHpOAIo6HBHTe CH HaMGpeHHH cnpHMO Typunn, pycKOTO npaBHTCACTBo BHymasa Ha nocnyniHaTS BB"bArspCK3 Ao6poAeTeAHS Apy>KHH3" B ByKypem fla noAaAC npomcHHe (MCMOSP) AoFlspHHt- KaTa KOHcf)epeHUHH sa psspemassHC HS 6'bAr3pcKHH HSUHOHSACH H ATapHOBCH BlinpOC nSK HS AyaAHCTHHHS noHBa, KoeTO osnaHSBaAO, HC He me HMS Hy>KAa OT HHKaKBH TCpHTOpHSAHH npOMCHH B TypCKSTS HMnC- pHH H HC Ha BaAKaHHTe HC npCACTOH HnKSKTaB CMyT. floKyMCHT-bT 6HA noAnHCSH OT 54 pyuin wCTapn", KOHTO HapeKAH ce6e CH wHOTa6HAH

a H noAHep- T3B3AH, HC C3 npOTHB BCnKSKTsB pCBOAIOUHOHeH SKT.27

MABAHTC OKOAO WHSPOAHOCT" pearnpaAH 6ypHO cpemy T33H nOAHTHHCCKS BKUHH OT HHyapH 1869 F. HSTSTTDK. KSC360B OmC CACA 06H3p0AB3HeT0 H3 TCKCTS HS MC- Mosps HsnncBS A'b^FS CTSTHH npOTHB Hero. TOH npo- TecTHps oco6eHo cpemy TOBB, ne noAnncaAHTe MG- MOapa CG THTyAyBST HOTa6HAH, CHK3LU 6'bArSpCKHHT HapoA HMSA HHKaKBs apnCTOKpauHH. B noAo6GH Ayx Ca BCHHKH CACABamH CTSTHH H npOTCCTH B „H3pOA- HOCT" npOTHB MGMOSpS H3 „CT3pHTe". B THX CG H3- T"bKB3 ACMOKpSTHHHOTO b6meCTBeHO 6HTHe H yCTpOH- CTBO HS 6,bArspCKHH HSpOA*28 wHspOAHOCT" CC H3XB"bpAH

38

B CTSTHH, BepoHTHO OT Kaca6oBa, 0^30 MapT 1869 r. H B-bpxy „flyHaBCKa sopa", KOHTO CC p-hpmana neonpe- AGACHO CnpHMO HOT36HAHTe H MCMOSpS HM. Flo TOSH CAynsH BHapoAHOCT" ce nporAacaBa 33 „eAHHCTBeH HHCTOHSpOACH H HCSSBHCHM 6'bAr3pCKH AHCT, OpFSH HS 6AaroH3Ae>KAH3Ta „MAaAa B-bArspHH*.29 ETO cers, npes MspT 1869 r.,3s mapBH n-bf ce noHBHBs TOBS no MSUHHHCTKH SByHSmO HMC. B CbLUHH 6pOH H3AH33T c npoTGCT cpemy cnoMeH3T3TS Bene SKUHH HS HOTS- 6HAHTe H rpyns 6'bAr3pH-eMHrpsHTH OT FiopreBO. FTpoTecT-bT HM HOCH para 16 MapT 1869 r. Me>KAy HOA- flHCSAHTC AHH8T HMCHSTS H3 nOSHSTHTC H3M M B. K TD p- UJOBCKH H Teo4?aH PSHHOB. UHASTB rpyna ce e osnaHHAa KSTO nB-hnrapu OT MASAS B-bArapHH". Cera Bene CTasa HCHO, ne CACA ny6AHKyBaHeTo Ha no- CA3HHeTO HS MSUHHH AO nOAHUHTC H K)>KHHTe CA3BHHH H3 11 OKTOMBpH 1868 F. K3CS60B C BOAHA npCFOBOpH C K-bpmoBCKH 33 4>opMHpsHe HS rpynsTa „MAaAa B-bA- rspHH" B FiopreBO. B npoA^/iiKeHHe HS neTMeceus — AO ny6AHHHOTO H H3AH33He B „HspOAHOCT" —TH CC C PSSBHAS H yKpenHaAa. B HCHHHH c-bCTSB BAHSB H T. PSHHOB, KOHTO BCAHSFS CACA TOBS me nrpse B3>KH3 POAH B yTB-bp^AasaHCTO H3 6'bArspCKHH MBUHHHS-bM. MMCTO „MASA3 BTDAFSPHH" Aasa BCHC onpcACACHa nOAHTHHCCKS cJ>H3HOHOMHH HS XOpSTS, CB-bpSSHH KOAKO- FOAC C K3CS60B3. flBS 6pOH HO-K-bCHO, H3 13 SnpHA 1869 r.f TOH OTHOBO Hapnna MABAHTC OKOAO ce6e CH MMAaA3 BTJAFSPHH".

30 R B 6poH OT 19 snpnA BCHC nensTS

KSTO FOAHM noAJiHCTHHK „Mszini3na"; Tosa e, KaKTO HSPHHHO nnme K3ca6oB, wnpeBOA OT Neue Freie Presse 33 MABAa B "b A F a p H H u. FIOAJTHCTHHKbT CbAbp>K3 CBeACHHH 33 HACHHHTC H3B0pH H3 MsUHHHCBOTO yHC* HHC, 33 HHKOH FASBHH MOMCHTH OT AHHH3TB My cbA6a H sa noAHTHHecKaTa My ACHHOCT B MTBAHH H EBpona. MSAOKCHHCTO npoA^Awasa H B CAGAHHH 6poH.31

T33H MBUHHHCTKB nOAHTHHGCKa OpHCHTaUHH, npH- HHHCHB, HSFAOKAS, OT Kaca60Ba, HG OCTBEa 6e3HH- TCpCCHS 33 pCBOAKDUHOHHSTa CMHFpaUHH BTsB BASLUKb.

39

OHHH, KOHTO ce CMHTBAH saHHTepecysaHH H AO HS- BCCTHB CTenen MepoAaBHH B 6'bArapcKHTe OCBO6OAH- TCAHH p360TH, CC OnHTBST CCFa Aa SaCMST CTBHOBHme cpemy HOBSTB c[)opM3UHH. TSKS, 6p3HACKHTe nsTpnoTH OKOAO „flyH3BCK3 30p3" CAGAHT K3KBO CT3B3 B ByKy¬ pem, FACTO K3C360B Cbm© HMS nOAHTHHCCKH npO- THBHHUH, K3KTO HSMOKAy „CT3pHTe", rbH H BCpGA MASAHTC. HS 19 SnpHA 1869 F. pCABKUHHTS H3 ,fly- HaBCKa sops" noMecTBa AonnCKa OT ByKypem (ABC HHCMS B peSHDMC), B KOHTO Ce pBSKSSBB, HC T3M01IJ- HHTC 6'bArapH ce rpynnpaAH B Tpn napTHH: „eAH3 HS CTSpHTC, Apyr3 HS MASAHTC, H TpGTS HS wMA3AaTa B'bAr3pHH(?)." FlopSAH T-bpKSHHH MOKAy TCSH FpyrfH y>K H HHTSAHmCTO „Bp3TCKS AK)6OB" KAOHHAO ^KIJM PSSBSAS".32 R HS 3 MSH 1869 F. rpyns 6T3Ar3pH- 6pSHAH3HH 06H3p0ABS B „flyHaBCK3 30p3a wFlpOTGCT npOTHB CBMOSBSHOTO HBpHHSHC HB BCCTH. HapOA" HOCT sa opran Ha MAaAaTa BijArapHn". FlpoTCCT-bT HCHO BH3Hpa 6pOH 19 HB MHapOAHOCT" OT 30 MapT c. F. BpaHALjH HBCTOHBBT, HC „H3p0AH0CT" HC MOKC Aa 6'bAe HSpaSHTCA H3 B0AHT3 H MHCHHHTS H3 UHAOTO MASAO nOKOACHHe H3 6'bAr3pCKHH HSpOA- Te HOCOH- B3T H OrpSHHH3B3T HCHO nBpTHHHOTO SHBHCHHe H3 TOBS HSHMeHOBSHHC: „Mo>Ke HspOAHOCT Aa HM3 HCHHS CH MASAa B-bAFspHH, HAH B ByKypem HAH B FiopreBO, TOFSS HCKS CH 6'bAe 33 THX OpFSH (K. a)..." MOKAy noAnncaAHTC npoTCCTS e H T. SanpHHOB, CAHH OT HHH- UHSTOpHTC 33 CbSAaBBHC HS ACMOKpBTHHHOTO „B"bA- rapcKo o6mecTBo", cera BCHC yHHTCA B BpanAa.33

B CblUHH 6poH na „fl. sops", HenocpeAHo CACA UHTHpaHHH npOTCCT, C nOMCCTCHB AOttHCKB OT OATG- HHUS OT 22. IV. 1869 r. c noAo6HO cbA^pHOHHe. B HCH HeAByCMHCACHO CC TBT^pAH, HC MB. K3C360B CC M-bHCA Aa CH CbSAaAe napTHH, HS KOHTO Aa 6'bAe BO- A3H, H CH H KpibCTHA „MA3Aa B-bAFSpHH", HO HC TOBS (t>p3KUHOHepCTBO B OCBOSOAHTCAHOTO ABHWCHHC 6HAO BpCAHO H SSCAyHOBSAO nOpHUSHHC. OT H3AO>KeHOTO ce BH>KAa, ne Kaca6oB ocjjopMH noAHTHHecKO-peBO-

40

JIKDUHOHHB rpyns, KOHTO HCKB Aa HMB HAH HMB HACHHO OTHomeHHe K'bM „MA3A3 Espona" Ha MSUHHH. SICHO e Cbmo, HC HCFOBHTC ycHAHH HC cs 6HAH nocpemHBTH C p336HpBHe OT UHA3TS peBOAIOUHOHHS CMHrpSUHH.

Ho TOH H HCFOBHTe CbMHUJAGHHUH HG CC OTHSH- BBT OT npOTHBOACHCTBHGTO, B pemSBST Aa BAHSST B npHKS H OC^HUHSAHB Bp-faSKa C MaUHHH. 33 T33H UGA 6HB3T H36p3HH H HaTOBSpeHH AB3M3 npCACTaBHTCAH A3 ce HBHT npn nocAeAHHH B LLIBCHUSPHH. EAHOTO AHue 6HAO cnoMGHBTHHT BCHC HACH HS rpynsTB nlAnapa BijArapHH" OT FiopreBO, c KOFOTO Kac36oB ce HOSHS- BBA ome OT 1862 r., KOFSTO nperoB3pHA BTDB BneHa OTHOCHO 6HArpaACK3TS ACFHH — TeOC^BH PaHHOB. PaHHOB C 6HA CHH H3 H3BeCTHHH KapAOBCKH yHHTCA PanHO FIonoBHH; npes 60-Te FOAHHH P36OTHA C 6aH- KepcKaTB Kbma HB FCUIOBH fi-bB BHCHB. Ha 1862 F. ynacTByBBA B OTPHAB Ha fl>K. rapH6aAAH npn ycneui- HSTB My aKUHH Cpemy HCanOAHTSHCKOTO KpaACTBO. CACA saBtipuiBane na noxoAa PaHHOB OTHOBO rbpry- BSA B-bB BHCHB AO 1864 r., c|)aAHpaA H K^M 1866 r. ce npH6paA B B-bAFSpHH, OTFACTO npCMHHBA B UapHFpaA. Flpes 1868 r. eceHTa TOH ce OSOBSA B PyM-bHHH — FiopreBO H HCCTO npecKBHSA AO ByKypem*34 TB^PAC BCpOHTHO e P3HH0B Aa C n03HaB3A BCHC HSBCCTHH nOAHTHHCCKH H pCBOAIOUHOHHH HACH H3 MSUHHHSMa, KBTO 6HBm rapH63AAHeu, H HMGHHO 33 TOB3 H36op'bT Aa e nsAHSA B-bpxy HCFO. BTOPHHT HACH HS ACACFS- UHHTS, HSFAOKAS, HC 6 6HA PaHHO HOH rp-b6AeB OT FlAoem, CT3p ynacTHHK B Tannnn CbSBKACT KOMHTCT H Ao6pe nosHST HS K3CS6OB3. ABSMHHSTS 6HAH OTnpa- BCHH C Hy>KHHTe npcnOpijHHTeAHH HHCMS AO MspKO B3A36SHOB, TOFSBS cryACHT B Flspn^, KOHTO mHA Aa FH npHApy>KH KBTO npeBOAan. TOBB ce HBAOKHAO, no- HOKC MSUHHH rosopeA, ocseH HTSAHAHCKH, H3H-Ao6pe (jjpeHCKH, 3 HHTO PSHHOB, HHTO Fp^ACB BASACCAH TOSH CSHK. HeHSBeCTHO H3 HHH pSSHOCKH — MO>Ke 6H H3 HHTaAHmCTO „BpaTCKB AIo60B,' — ACAeFSUHHTS OT- nisTyBSAS B Kp3H HS SnpHA HAH JipCS ntpSSTS HOAO-

41

BHna HS MSH 1869 r. sa Enpona, Karo ceHacoHHAS HSH- HanpeA K'bM napH>K, 33 A3 B3eMe B3A363HOB3. CACA HS- BGCTHH nepnneTHH H OTKAOHeHHH rpynaTS ce ososaBa B LUBCHUapHH H T-bpCH M5UHHH B U,IOpHX. fl3AH pS3- roBopHTe Me>KAy 6"bArapcKHTe npsTCHHUH H HTSAHHH- CKHH peBOAKDUHOHep Ca CTaHSAH ACHCTBHTCAHO B T03H rpaA, KOCTO e nan sa BHpsaHG, MAH B JIOHAOH, HAH nisK Ca CG CbCTOHAH ABG nOCACAOBaTCAHH CpGmH B CnO- MCHBTHTG FpaAOBG — HG C HCHOJ AOCTHFHSAHTG pO HSC CnOMCHH H AOKyMGHTH CS npOTHBOpCHHBH.35 B"bB BCCKH CAyHSH, ACACFSUHHTS CG HBHA3 npeA MSUHHH.

FABBHHHT HaHHHSTCA B TOBB ACAO 6HA MB. KS- C36OB. TOBS AHHH oco6eHO HCHO no ABC o6cTOHTeA- CTB3. FI-bpEO — B HCFOBSTB apXHBB C SanBSCH napH>K- KHHT eApec Ha MapKO BaA36aHOB napeA c aApecHTe Ha MSUHHH H Apyrn peeoAiouHOHepH B Espona.36

BTopo —CACA KSTO 6'bArapCKaT3 ACACFaUHH npncTHra B yKCHCBB H BAHSB B CACAHTC HB MaUHHH, PSHHOB CHHTB 33 Heo6xoAHMo Aa cbo6mH HB Kaca6oBa pe- AHUa Ba>KHH HOBHHH, CBTapSaHH MOKAy ApyrOTO H C noAHTHHecKBTac nrypHOCT Ha MauHHHCTKaTa rpyna B"bB BAamKo. Kaca6oB n"bK, moM noAynaBB nncMOTO My, 6'bp3a Aa O6OAPH c HOBHHHTC HHKBK pa3KOAe6a- HHH B ACAOTO H ACSHHTCpeCHpaHHH OT paSnpOCTpaHC- HHCTO HB B,. ^HapOAHocT" MsaH K-bprnoBCKH B Fiop¬ reBO — HACK HS „MAaA3 BbArapHH'; K3ca6oBMyce o6a>KAa Ha 15IOHH crap CTHA: wPaHHOB-bMH nnme OT-b >KeHeBa H CTO npenncb OTIJ FIHCMOTO :

Jlio6e3HH Kaca6oB'b!

B-b ByKypem^, >KeHeBa 16 KDHIH 1869.37

He TH pacnpaBHMb K^A^ CMC C;K AyTBAH AO cera. SHBH CBMO ne BHepa npnCTHFHaxMe TyKB ... TWH ^HH npenopisHaxa Ha CAHHI* MauHHHCTia ByAescKbi, KOHTO AHCCb nnca HB MBUHHH, FAC MOWC Aa HH npieMHe sa Aa OTHAHM-b TBMb, OTFOBOpTs CH OHaKBS nO TeACFpacjJ'bT'b

42

yTp-fe. 3a6eAOKHTeAHO e, ne HHKOH HenosHssa BorAa- HOBHH-b HTO C 33 HOB-feKTa. ByACBCKbl HH K33a, HC npCAH AB-fe FOAHHH 6bIA'b BTJ T-feXHB CAy>K6a, H-b OTT> Torssa Bene HGTO ro G BHHtAaA-b HGTO SHBC HTO pa- 60TH. OTTD C^mWHT-b MaUHHH mCM-b CH HayHHMHb Haw Ha Has-fepHo; sa Tosa nos-bSAbpjKGTG CHomeHiHTa Cb SlKHMHHK-b AO TP1E> Cb BTopo BH nHUja... KypayKTs Ka- ca6oB*b, naA^H CH FOA-feMH pa6oTH Aa saB-bpiuHM-b CSMO T-bpncHie!... YTp-fe iDTHBaMT, sa Zurich (UiopHX-b) npH MaUHHH."38

OT TOBS nnCMO AHHH, HC CBMO ne rpynsTS Ha Kaca6oB3 e BAHSAB B cepnosHH Bp-bSKH c MaunHH, HO ome, ne TH OT no-pano e HMBAB ACAOBO OTHO- mCHHC K'bM HHKaK-bB MBUHHHCT BoFAaHOBHH Hpe3 HCFOB CbTpyAHHK B PyM-bHHH, HHKOH CH 5iKHMHHK. M nOHOKC HiCHCBCKHHT AOBCpeHHK HB MflUHHH, By- ACBCKH, HC SHBCA C KaKBO CC SBHHMaBBA nO HCFO BpeMe BoFAaHOBHH, PaHHOB npcAynpoKAass Kaca6oBa Aa npCKTaCHC BpCMCHHO Bp-bSKHTC Ha 6'bArapcKaTa MBUHHHCTKB FpynB CbC CbTpyAHHKB My, AOKBTO CC pa36epe OT caMHH MBUHHH, AaAH BoFAaHOBHH e sscny- >K3B3A AOBepHC.

Flpn cpemaTB Me>KAy MSUHHH H 6-bAr3pHTe n-bp- BHHT pSSnHTBBA nOApo6HO B KSKBO CbCTOHHHe CC HaMHpa 6'bArapcKOTo ocBo6oAHTeAHo ABHWCHHC. OT AyMHTC Ha Cb^eCCAHHUHTC CH TOH pa36p3A, HC K'bM pesoAiouHOHHa noAFOTOBKa eABa Ten*bpBa ce npn- CT-bnaa. C OFACA Ha TOBB HM ABA, cnopeA M. BSAB- 6aHOB, CACAHHTC CbBCTH: „RKO HHMaTC TBKBBS HOAFO- TOBKB, BKO HC paSHHTBBTC CCFa Ha KaKBBTO H Aa C HenocpeACTBCHa HAH nocpeACTBCHa noMom, BHC naK HC TpH6Ba Aa ce OTKaweTe OT 6op6aTa, HO me TpH6Ba B TBK-bB CAynan Aa H OTAOKHTC sa HSBCCTHO BpeMe, me TpH6Ba Aa HSMCHHTC TSKTB, AOKBTO ce npHFOTBHTe no-Ao6pe sa HCH. FlpeAH BCHHKO TpH6Ba Aa p36oTHTe Aa ce npo6yAH KOAKOTO ce Mowe noBene nspoA'bT BH H Aa ce pssnpocrpsHH B no-roACMH pssMcpn pe- BOAIOUHOHHHHT AyX HC CSMO HO FpSAOBeTC, HO H no

43

CCASTS, 3K0 6 BbSMOWHO, HpCS TSHHH SnOCTOAH H nponOBCAH. TpH6BS OT APyFS CTp3HS Aa H3MHCAHTe CpCACTBB, HpCS KOHTO Aa CT3BST nO-M3AKH H nO-FO-

-AGMH C'b6pSHHH, nOA CAHH HAH ApyF npeAJlOF, B KOHTO Cb6Hp3HHTe Aa ce 33no3H3B3T CAHH C Apyrn, a TSKS Aa MoraT Aa pasACAHT (T. e. cnoAeAHT) H MHCAHTC CH sa o6mHTe HHTepecH. EAHO OT THH cpeACTBa e H CbCTSBHHGTO pS3HH Apy>KeCTB3 . . . HSH-BCHG CTpCA- necKHTe Apy>KecTBa, pasnpocTpaHCHH T^H MHOFO B LUBGHuapHH. TpH6Ba Aa cc CAo6HeTc c nenaT ccpno- SGH, KOHTO pa HC AOKBHa Hanpaso CyATaHOBBTa BABCT, Aa yMee Aa uiH6a HSKycno BCHHKH SAoyno- Tpe6AeHHH no aAMHHHCTpauHHTB, Aa pasnpocrpaHHBa npes pasHH CTBTHH CBo6oAOAio6HBHTe MHCAH B Hapo- Aa, Aa noAHra csMoysaweHHCTO na TOH HspoA, KSTO My AOKS3B3 KSKBO SHaHCHHC HMS TOH B A^P^SBSTa. TPH6BS HSH-nocAe Aa FACAaTe Aa ere Ao6pe CbC cb- CCAHHTC BH 0CB060AeHH H3pOAH 33 BCCKH CAyH3H. flo KOAKOIO SHBH TypUHH HCpnH CHAa B pSSACAC- HHCTO HB HBpOAHTe, KOHTO MiHBCHT B HBH."39

K'bM 16 KDAH 1869 F. CT3p CTHA ACAeFBUHHTS BCHC ce e saBbpnaAB B ByKypem. TyK TH pana OTHCT npeA pesoAiouHOHepHTe OT wMAaAa BbArapHH

tf H „BpaTCKa AIO6OB" sa HSB-bpuicHOTO. PasKBSHTe Ha PanHOBS H rp'b6AeBa HasepHO ca 6HAH Heo6HKHO- BGHB nOAHTHHGCKB CCHSBUHH 33 CMHrpBHTHTC. MSFAG- >KA3, HC G CTSHBAO o6mO SSCGAaHHe HS nOCBCTeHHTG B ACAOTO, FACTO CC HSHCCAO pemCHHe Aa CC OTFOBOpH 0(J)HUH3AHO H3 MaUHHH, KSTO My CC 06HBH nOAHTH- HCCKSTB nOSHUHH, SBCTS OT MBUHHHCTHTC CACA H3: CAytUBaHCTO H3 HeFOBHTC CbBCTH. OTFOBOpiiT C mHA Aa 6'bAe cbmeBpeMCHHo H nspas HS 6A3roAapHOCT 33 BHHMSHHeTO HS SHSMGHHTHH HT3AHHHCU KbM 6bA- FSpHTG H3HCTHH3, TSKbB OTFOBOp CC H3p36oTBS H TO B"bB CJjpSHUySKS BGpCHH. UUe pSSFAGAaMC CbA^PHO- HHCTO My B 6'bAr3pCKH npeBOA:

44

„ ByKypem 16/28 KDAH, 1869.

FocnoAHH fl>K. MSUHHH !

HsmHHT Apyrsp PSHHOB ce sss'bpHa OT O6HKOA- K3T3, KOHTO HBnpSBH H3 AH6epaAHHH CBHT J TOH HH HSHCHaAS TB-bpAC npHHTHO C pBSKBSB CH 33 npHCMa, mO CTC My OKaSBAH, H 33 A06pHTe CbBCTH, KOHTO CTC My AaAH no HamsTS Kaysa. HHC BHHarn CMC pasHH- TBAH TB-bpAC MHOFO Ha BaujaTa HpaBCTBCHa noAKpena H CTO, HC HBAOKAHTC HH ce onpsBABxa. Cera ce HyscTBy- BSMC TB-bpAC sap-hnmetiH K'bM BSC H 6'bAeTe ysepcHH, HC BHHSFH me OTASBSMC HSH-FOAHMO BHHMaHHC Ha CbBCTHTC BH, KOHTO me HSn-bAHHM, LUOM HH 6'bAe B-bSMOKHO. Hne CH nocTasHMC ss SSABHB ssnanpeA Aa pasnynHM TCCHHTC paMKH HB MCMoapa OT 1867 F. H Aa nponarsHAHpsMe peny6AHK3HH3M3. Ho Cbme- BpCMCHHO me 0CT3BHM HBIIIHTe 6pBTH OTBTJA flyHSBS A3 ACHCTByBST sa ocbmecTBHBaHC nporpaM3TS Ha MCMOapS, — SSmOTO TC MOFBT Aa ACHCTByBBT nOAHTH¬ HCCKH CBMO noA TOSH npepjior. HsmeTO y6oKAeHHe e, HC TPH6BS Aa ce HCKB MHOFO, sa Aa ce npHAo6He see naK Hemo H sa Tasn UCA me HH nocAy>KH HBH- BCHC paAHKBAHSM^T, KOHTO B-bSnpHeMaMC TyK, B CBO- 6oAHa PyM-bHHH. He ce CbMHHBaHTe HHKSK B ACMO- KpaTH3M3 Ha 6'bArapHTe. C"bMHeHHeTo e 6e3npeAMeTHO, noHOKe TypuHTe, BKO HC HH CTopnxa Apyro Ao6po, none HH HanpaBHxa BCHHKH paBHH H TOBB yAecHHBa MHOFO HamcTO ACAO. HHC HHMaMe HHTO apncroKpa- UHH, HHTO FOCnOACTBO HB AyXOBCHCTBOTO, C HSKAKDHG- HHC HB Fp-bUKHTC U^pKOSHHUH H TCXHHH naTpHBpX B UapHFpSA, H3 KOHTO CMC 06HBHAH B0HH3 OT 15 FO¬ AHHH. T33H B0HH3 HMSXMC maCTHCTO Aa HanpSBHM HSH-nonyAHpHS BcpeA HspoAa HH, KOHTO nocTHFHa ^aAOBOAHTCAHH yCnCXH nO BCHHKH BTanpOCH. M TOSH BbnpOC (u-bpKOBHHHT) B-b36yAH AyXOBCTC H npHHGCe

45>

noA3a 3a HamwH noAHTHHecKH B"bnpoc, SBLUOTO noA- FOTBH iloHBaTS sa Hero.

EAHHCTBCHHTe HH BljTpeUJHH BpaFOBC, KOAKOTO HOJIKO H Aa e TOBa, ca OHHH OT 6yKypemKHTe 6'bA¬ rapH, KOHTO Ce HSpHHaT CaMH HOT36HAH, KaKTO Bnpo¬ HCM HM HaAHKTyss Aa ce OKBHCCTBHT 6apoH OC^CH- 6epr.40 Te npoA^Ji^aBBT Aa BbpBHT no nary6HH n'bTHma, HO ca BCHC 6e3BpeAHH, samoTO nponarsH- A3T3, HpSBCTBCHOTO BAHHHHC, npOCBGTaTS H HHTC- JICKTySAHHTC CHAH CS B HBilJH pijUC.

KOAKOTO SS ACAa,-—HSBCHK-bAC H3 B^AFapHH HMa MaAKH HapOAHH HGTH, KOHTO A"bp>K3T TypUHTC B nO- CTOHHHO HBnpOKCHHe. HHC CMC o6p33yBSAH CAHO KHH- >KOBHO APy>KeCTBO, H3 KOCTO B"b3A3rSMe FOACMH Ha- Ae>KAH, SSmOTO HOSHB-bT HH HSMCpH CHACH OTKAHK B-bB BCHHKH 6'bAr3pCKH CbpUB.flpyWCCTBOTO HM3 33 UCA AB AOCTaBH CpCACTBS 33 HSApTa^KS HB 6'bArapcKHTe KHH>KOBHHUH, KOHTO OT CBOH CTpaHB Ce SBATsJlHOBBT Aa pa6oTHT HeyMopHO 33 o6oraTHBaHeTO HS HSLUSTS AHTCpSTypS BTsB BCHHKH 06A3CTH. TO npHTOKSBS BCHC KBnHTBA OT 300,000 KA3HH OT PyCHH, Ce npOTHBOnOCTBBHT H3 Apy>KecTBOTO,HO HC MOFBT HHmo Aa HanpaaHT, samoio He CMCHT Aa BOAHT OTKpHTa 6op6^.,—pHCKysaTAa 6-b¬ AaT npe6HTH c KaM-bHH OT HeroAyBamaT3 Macs.

Hs Kpan BH cbo6maBaMe sa HapscTaamaTa ACH¬ HOCT B-bB BCHHKH 6'bArapcKH Kpbrose; BCCKH pa6oTH [nOBpCACH TCKCT], BCCKH >KepTByB3, 3 MH03HH3 C3 FOTOBH H Aa yMp3T.

HsnpeA! FIpenop'bHBSMe ce HS BSUJSTS 63mHHCKS 6A3ro-

CKAOHHOCT flpy>KeCTBO „BpSTCK3 AI060B".41

46

HeKa HsrbKHeM HaH"Ba>KHOTo B TOSH AOKyMeHr. OT TCKCTS /IHHH, ne rpynsTB, KOHTO ro G noAnwcajia, HC ce e ca-bp33A3 CAynaHHO c MaunHH, a OT no-npeAH ome e B-h3narana na Hero HaAe>KAH, KOHTO cera ce onpaBAasaAH. BTopo—TQBH rpyna oOHBHBa, ne HSAHSS HS pBMKHTC Ha AyaAHCTHHHHH MCMOSp OT 1867 F. H ssnoHBS srHTauHH B noA3a HS peny6AHKaT3. Ho KSK ce OCMHCAH Tasn pemHTCAHa CT-bnKa? C TaKTHHe- CKOTO c'bo6pa>KeHHe peB0AiouH0HH3Ta CMHrpauHH Aa HCKa MHOFO — C3M0CT0HHB ACMOKpaTHHCCKS peny- 6AHK3 —, 33 Aa CnA3UIH TypCKOTO npSBHTCACTBO H ro npnnyAH Aa OTCT-bnn HB (TbArapCKHH HapoA HSBCCTHH nOAHTHHCCKH H A^pHiBBHH CB060AH, KOHTO Aa He OTHBaT nO-AaACH OT AyaAHCTHHHSTa MOHapXHH. M no¬ HOKe 6'bAr3pHTe OTTST-bK flyHSBS C3 HSAOHtCHH H3 FHCTa H noAHuencKOTO npecAeABane Ha TypCKHTC BAacTH, TC me ce orpaHHHSBaT HMCHHO B THH MHHH- MSAHH HCKaHHH KBTO nO-npHCMAHBH H, CHKaill, CTOHmH B rpaHHUHTe Ha AOHAHOcrra K-bM uapHrpsACKOTo npaBHTCACTBo. 3a Aa ce HB# TSSH ABOHCTBenocT B nOAHTHHCCKaTB npOFpSMB, TpH6B3 Aa e HMBAO HAH ASC TeHCHHHB ^BpBTCKB AIO60B" (xopaTB HS K3C360B H OCTSHBAHTC), KOHTO H3p360TBST KOMnpOMHCHS AHHHH, saAOBOAHBama ABCTC CTpaHH, HAH nisK ca 6HAH BSGTH ACHCTBHTCAHO nOA BHHMaHHG HSTTaKHaTHTe TSKTHHCCKH Cb06pa>KeHHH H npCAH BCHHKO 06CT0HTeACTB0T0, ne 6bArapCKHHT HapoA B CBOCTO OrpOMHO MHOSHHCTBO HHMBA ome Hy>KHSTS noAHTHnecKa noAFOTOBKa, sa Aa pa36epe H BiisnpHeMe HACHTB sa peny6AHKaT3.

FIO-HBTST-bK SBTOpHTG HS nOCASHHGTO yBCpHBST MSUHHH, HC 6-bAr3pcKHHT HspoA >KHBee B ecTecTBCHO A^MOKpaTHHeCKO CbCTOHHHe nopaAH HSHeSBaHGTO Ha 60AHpCTBOTO H BHCUieTO 6'bArapcKO AyXOBGHCTBO H HG TOBa G GAHH BHA SaAOF 33 HCTHHCKHTG HapOAO- BAaCTHHHGCKH Bb3MO>KHOCTH B HGFOBOTO 6AH3KO 6"b- Aeme. YflGpeHHCTo c, HBHO, OTFOBOP HS HSKSSSHO OT CTpBHS HS MSUHHH CbMHGHHG, HC 6'bAr3pHTG, >KH3HAH BSKOBC HSpCA B po6CKO, 6e3npaBHO nOAHHHGHHG H

47

HenpOCBCTCHH nOAHTHHCCKH, HC LUC MOFBT Aa BT^npHC- MaT HaHaA3T3 HB ACMOKpaUHHTB H Aa FH H3nOA3yBBT npaBHAHO.

FIoCAaHHeTO CbSHSTCAHO H OCTpO CC npOTHBO- nOCTSBH HS 6yKypemKHTe HOT36HAH H yBepHBS HTa¬ AHHHCKHH nOAHTHK, HC CBMO wBp3TCKS AI060B" p-hpyRYl nOAHTHHCCKBTS H npOCBCTHB HHHUHBTHBS B pisUCTe CH H HMS HpSBCTBGHO BAHHHHC BCpCA M3CHTC.

OTFOBSpHHKH HSBCpHO nSK HB BTanpOCB H3 Ma¬ UHHH, KaKB3 pGBOAKDUHOHHB ACHHOCT CC fi-bpiilH OT MASAHTC B BljAFSpHH, nOCASHHGTO TB-bpAH: „KoAKOTO SB ACAB — HBBCHK-bAe H3 BljAFSpHH ACHCTByBBT MSAKH H3pOAHH HCTH, KOHTO A'bp^BT TypUHTC B nOCTOHHHO HSttpOKeHUG".

HB np-bB noFACA nsrAGWAa CTpaHHO, HC HHCMOTO 3aHHMaB3 TB-bpAC HaA^AFO MaUHHH CbC CbSABBaHCTO Ha B-bAFapCKOTO KHH>KOBHO Apy>KGCTBO H ACHHOCTTa Ha B. CTOHHOBS, — CAHO Cb6HTHG OT KyATypHO CCTCCTBO,. KOGTO, 6HXMe pGKAH, HHM3 OC06eHO nOAHTHHCCKO 3H3- HGHHG. B AeHCTBHTGAHOCT, 06SHG, HC 6 TSKS. B^npO- CbT 33 B-bSHHKBaHCTO Ha KHHWOBHOTO Apy>KeCTBO H TO KaTO ACAO Ha „MAaAHTe" (^CAHH OT HauiHTe Apy- rspn, CTOHHOB") H noAKpeneno meApo OT npeceA- HHIIIKHTC 6'bAr3pCKH 06mHHH B PyM^KHH, HMS CBOCTO MHCTO B MaUHHHCTKSTa nOAHTHHCCKa npOFpaMS. OmC B H3H3AOTO HS CB0HT3 ACHHOCT MSUHHH OCbmCCTBHBB HASHS CH 33 CbSAaBaHCTO H3 AB3 FASBHH OpFSHS, KOHTO Aa ACHCTByBaT B-bpxy HapOAHOTO CbSHSHHC H BOAH — peBOAKDUHOHHS OpFSHHSSUHH H KyATypHO- npOCBCTCH SnapaTj B nOCACAHHH KOOpAHHHpaT yCH- AHHTB CH nHCBTCAH, HAOCO(})H H XOpa HB HSKyCTBOTO.. TOBS e HeroBOTO Pensiero e Rzione — „MHCbA H ACAO". ETO ssmo H rpynsTa MBpaTCKa AIO6OB" HST'bKBa c HBHB pSAOCT K3TO CBOH SSCAyra 06pS3yB3HeT0 H3 KHHWOBHOTO Apy>KecTBO, KOCTO mHAO Aa o6orsTH 6lDAr3pCK3T3 AHTCpBTypS BTDB BCHHKHTe H 06ASCTH. Flponee, noCASHHeTO AO MSUHHH cbA^pwa ACKAapn-

48

paHH nOHTH BCHHKH OCHOBHH CAeMCHTH H3 MSUHHHBH- CK3T3 pCBOAIOUHOHHa npOFpaMS, MSKSp H B HC CbB¬ CCM K3Ter0pHHH3 CJ?OpM3.

Ssmo, o6sHe, AOKyMem-bT e noAnncsH HC OT „MASfla B-bArapHH", a OT HHTBAHmcTO „BpaTCKa AKD- 60B"? 3amO B TOBB HBHHHaHHC HC BSCMB yHBCTHC „BbArapcKO o6mecTBo"? HSFAOKAB, HC xopaTa OKOAO Kaca6oBa ca 6HAH MBAKO HB 6pOH H opraHHsauHHTa HM ocnopsaHa. FIOCACAHOTO, BnpoHCM, e HCHO OT no- AeMHKBTa na „flyHaBCK3 sopa". FIopaAH Tyn K3ca6oB ce e onHTaA Aa CApy>KH sa o6ma BKUHH PCBOAIOUHO- HCpHTC OT wBpaTCKa AI06OB" — BCC MABAH XOpB. R „B,bAr3pCKOTo o6mecTBoa HC e 6HAO saanramvipaHO 0C}?HUHSAH0 B T33H p36oT3, HOHOKC HCFOSHHT npCACC- ABTCA HOKBH H HO-TOKKHTC My HACHOBC, KBTO fleUJOB, CABS AH 6HXB CKAOHHAH HB pCBOAIOUHOHHHH peny6AH- KSHHS-bM HB MSUHHH. FITDK H ApyFH HACHOBe CB 6HAH npoTHB Kaca6oBHH MauHHHS-bM — HanpHMep • T. 3a- npHHOB, KBKTO BHAHXMC.

TBKB, CBMO HHKOAKO MCCCUH npeAH Aa ce ynpeAH B-bAFapCKHHT pCBOAIOUHOHeH UCHTpSACH KOMHTCT, M3- UHHH3M-bT CC npOnSFSHAHpB pCBHOCTHO BCpCA ^-bA- FSpCKHTC peBOAIOUHOHCpH fl-bB BASmKO OT MB. Ka- C360B H FpynSTS, KOHTO TOH ABH>KH.

49

4. J1EBCKM CE CB1>P3BR C KRCftBOBft

H MRUMHMCTMTE

TSKBBS 6 nOAHTHHCCKO-peBOAKDUHOHHSTa CHTya- UHH, B KOHTO CC O30B3BB BaCHA JleBCKH, KOFSTO HABS CACA pasnycKSHCTO na BTopaTa 6HArpaACKa ACFKH B ByKypem KT^M Kpan Ha asrycT HAH HSHSAOTO na cen- TCMBPH 1868 r. B-bAcmHHT anocTOA e BCHC B pyM-bH- CKBTa CTOAHUB, KoraTO MB. Kaca6oB npcACTasn flw. MaunHH na 6'bArapcKHTe HHTBTCAH B „H3poAHOCTa

HpCS nOCABHHeTO My^ AO nOAHUHTC H IO>KHHTe CA3BHHH H HpeS KpSTKSTS XSpSKTCpHCTHKS HS HeFOBHTC nOAH¬ THHCCKH y6oKAeHHH — Meceu OKTOMBPH 1868 FOA- ECTCCTBCHO, JleBCKH OmC C npHCTHFSHCTO CH CC npH- ACnHA AyXOBHO K'bM 6AH3K3T3 HCMy CpCAa ~ ACH- UHTC OT „B'bArSpCKO o6meCTBOa, BBp3TCK3 AIo6oB

al

MH3p0AH0CT". EAHH CbBpCMCHHHK pS3K33B3, HC flHKO- HTDT „Ce B'bpTHA* nOCTOHHHO H3 HHTSAHmCTO ^BpSTCKS AI060Ba. TaM HMCHHO fl. UCHOBHH My AaA 30 AHpH 33 m^THH pSSHOCKH H TOH 3SMHH3A npCS ACKCMBpH C. F. 33 m>pB3T3 CH SFHTSUHOHHS o6HKOAKa H3 B-bAFa- pHH.42 MsrAOKAa, HC TOBB e H n-bpsoTo cnopasyMCHHC MOKAy JleBCKH H pCBOAIOUHOHHSTS FpynS Ha K3C360B3.

MSAKO nO-pSHO (cenTCMBpH-OKTOMBpH) K3C360B ce e cnopssyMHA H C MB. KbpmoBCKH B FiopreBO 33 o6p33yBaHeTo na rpynaTa „MAaA3 B-bArspHn". Flo Tosa BpeMG H T. KosaHCB, AOBepeHHK Ha Kaca6oBa B Typny-MarypcAH ome OT BPGMGTO na TaHHHH KOMH¬ TCT, cbo6maBa HB K-bpmoacKH c nncMO OT 24 OKTOM¬ BPH, HC onaKBS BSCHA flHKOHS AS npHCTHFHC B TypHy, KBTO CbmeBpeMGHHO nHTa K-bpmoBCKH, cnopasyMHA

50

AH ce e BCHC c Kaca6oBa.43 KosaHCB e 6HA npeAy- npcACH sa HABancTO Ha JICBCKH HAH OT CBMHH HCFO HAH OT Kaca6oBa. JICBCKH ce npexfl-bpAH no flyHass, HepHO Mope H UapHFpaA B B-bArapHH Han-K-bCHO Ha 11 ACKCMBpH 1868 F. 06HKOAKaTa My C CpaSHHTGAHO KpaTKa— Tpae AO 24 cjjeBpyapn 1869 r. HaTasn AaTa TOH C OTHOBO B TypHy, OTFACTO HB CACAHHH ACH CH saMHHBBa sa ByKypem, BepoHTHO, Aa AOKABABB sa BH- AHHOTO H HanpBBCHOTO. TOH HSKaSBA yBCpCHOCTTB, HC HapOA'bT C FOTOB Aa Ce BAHFHe HB B-bCTBHHC H ne MHOSHHa Bene ynacTBysaAH npnKO B opraHHsysaHeTo My.44 B ByKypem JICBCKH HMa B-bSMOKHOcrra Aa HCTC B-bB „HapoAHOCj" sa o6pa3yBaHeTO na rpynaTa wMAaAa B-bArapHH" H HCHHHTe npoHBACHHH, a cbmo TaKa Aa ce sanosnae Cbc cbA'bpHOHHCTo HB noAflHCTHHKa wMauH- HHBHa -sa MABAB B"bArapHH", npescACH OT HOHC (J>paHe npece — MapT H anpHA 1869 r. HeroBHHT onTHMHCTHHCH AOKABA sa noAOKCHHeTO OTBTJA flynaBB o6oApHBa Mfl- UHHHCTHTe H TC CC SaABBHT BCHC 33 OpFSHHSyBBHCTO Ha C3MOTO B-bCTBHHe. JleBCKH CC FOTBH 33 BTOpH, FlO- cepnoseH H36er. MB. Kac36oB B HanBAOTO HB MapT 1869 r. OTCKana AO KosaneBa a TypHy-MarypeAH, sa Aa saTerHe MecTHaTa rpyna H Aa ypeAH no-ACKOTO npcMHHaBBHe na JICBCKH. B pasrosop c KoBaneBB TOH HSKBSaA „A06pH HBAOKAH" 33 HSFAGAHTe H3 ACAOTO. C-bmCBpCMGHHO H JleBCKH CC o6s>KA3 KOBSHCBy OT ByKypem H My c'bo6maB3 HHKOAKO B3>KHH HOBHHH. FI-bpEO, He CMHT3A OLUC npCS MapT OTHOBO Aa MHHC B B-bAFBpHH SBCAHO C ApyF SFHTSTOp, npSTCH OT HMCTO H3 TbpHOBUH (B-bB TTapHOBO, K3KTO SHSCM, HMSme KAOH HS TSHHHH KOMHTCT OT 1867 F.), HO 3363BHA Tp-bFBSHCTO CH, 33 Aa H3H3KS HSBCCTHH Cb6HTHH B ByKypem- (Mowe 6H cb6p3HHeTO B ^BPSTCKS AK^OB", Ha KOCTO ce e peniHAo HsnpamaHCTO HB ACAerauHHTa AO MSUHHH). OCBCH TOBB JICBCKH HSKSA H MB, KS- C36OB Aa ce ssB-bpne OT o6HKOAKaT3 CH, sa Aa Hane- HaTSA „npOKAaMaUHH H KOHApaTH'^TB CHa6AeH c TCSH MaTCpHBAH, Aa nOTCFAH 33 B-bAFBpHH. TOH HMBA HB-

51

McpeHHC Aa sanoHHe pa6oTa B T-bpHOBo, CAHBCH, COCJ)HH, Flepymnua H FIAOBAHB KT^M BCAHKACH C. F. B TOBB BpeMC, 13 MapT, Keca6oB noeA o6paTHO sa ByKypem, KBTO npeAynpeAHA KoBaneBa, ne me My ce 06aAH BbB Bp"b3Ka C npeMHHaBSHCTO HB JICBCKH.45

CACA SBBp-bmaHeTo HS Kac36oBa B ByKypem nenaTa- HCTO Ha npOnaFBHAHHH MBTCpHSA ACHCTBHrCAHO 33- noHBB. TOBB 6HAO CAHB HPOKABMBUHH B ABC HSASHHH, 6-bArapcKO H TypCKO. FIOCACAHOTO ce HBAOKHAO, no- HOKC nOAOBHHSTB OT TCKCTa npCACTBBHAa nOSHB K'bM TypcKHH HapoA- KBTO cbpeAaKTop H TCXKHHCCKH no- MOmHHK H3 K3CS60B3 CC HBHA M3UHHHCT"bT TeOCjjaH PaHHOB, KOHTO OT CCCHTS H3 1868 F. HCCTO 6HBSA B ByKypem HoTs6HA'bT Xp. FeoprneB ocBCAOMHBa no- APO6HO pycKHH BHueKOHcyA B FIAOBAHB, HBHAGH FC- pOB, 33 ACHHOCTTS H3 M3UHHHCTKST3 FpynS HO TOBS BpeMe. TOH nnme: M ... HaiUHHrb PsHHOB-b H FASB- HHHTTD noMOmHHK-b HeroBb r. Kaca6oB'b; THH AHH Tasn Tan^a Tnnapn npoKASMaunn na TypcKH esHK-b oT-b CTpana ywh H3 dtArspHTe HSb. 6aAKaH'bT'b ..." (HHCMO OT 15 MapT 1869 r.); „... npoKAaMauHHT-fe mo CTC BHA"fejlH y flnHKOH-bTlj, THH CS THnapHXS TyKB OTT* P3HH0B3 H KaC360Ba, H CC npHAaAOX3 CHHKHTt HB flHSKOH-bT-b, 33 A3 FH pSSABAC". (FIHCMO OT 14 IOHH 1869 r.).46 OT B-bnpocHHH nosHB cs ssnsseHH AO AHCC ABB eKseMnAHpa: CAHH B SPXHBBTS HS Ksca6oBa H ApyFH B KHHHOTS H3 MspHH UOHSSpOB OT JIHCKOBCU — CbTpyAHHK HS K3C36oBaTa rpyns H HS JICBCKH OT H3H-p3HHO BpCMC.47 FIOSHB-bT npHKSHBS HC CSMO 6'bA- FSpHTC, HO H TypCKHH H3pOA A3 B-bCISHC Cpemy CBOHTC yrHCTHTCAH — ynpsBHTCAHTc H 6eHOBeTe, KOHTO BCKOBC HapeA ca ynnmowaBaAH B Kp"bBonpoAHTHH BOHHH H CBOHTe CbH3pOAHHUH H 6e3np3BHSTS pSH 33 AHHH3 KOpHCT. TypUHTC H 6-bAr3pHTe C3 6paTH, Cb3- ASACHH OT CAHH H CbLUH TBOpeU, SSTOBB TpH6Ba Aa >KHBeHT KBTO paBHonpsBHH rpawAaHH B fe-bAemaTa CBo6oAHa 6'bAr3pcK3 p-hpmaBa npn n-bAHB peAHFHOSHB T-bpnHMOCT. „BHpaTa cnacnsa AyiuaTflja A^pwasaTa HC

52

e saseACHHe B KOCTO Aa ce npHFOTBH AymeBHOTO cnaceHHe, HO e saseACHHe, B KOCTO ce o6e36eASBa H yTB-bprnAasa noAHTHneCKOTO H rpawAaHCKOTO npsso H3 CGKHH >KHTeA 6e3 p33AHKa", — TBKS CC XSpSKTG- pM3Hp3 ACMOKpaTHSM-bT H IUHpOKaT3 HBUHOHBAHS H BepCKS T-bpnHMOCT HB rpynsTB K3C36OB. KSTO e npHCA T03H peBOAtOUHOHCH nOSHB, JleBCKH, p336Hpa CG, CG anrawnpaA no/iHTHnecKH c HCFOBOTO cbA"bp>KaHHe.

CnopeA Cbo6meHHeTO Ha T. KosaneB, TOH ce HBHA B Typny Ha26—27 MapT. HSKBA HSBCCTHO apcMe, AOKaTO ce noAynsT nosHBMTe H AOKBTO My nsnpsTHT CpCACTBB H CABS H3 1 MSH 3SMHH3A C HSpSXOA 33 UspnrpsA. Flpes TOBS BpeMe nosHBHTe 6HAH npexBtp- AGHH B HHKOnOA, OTFACTO RnOCTOA-faT CH FH npH- 6p3A no-K-bCHO.48 TSKS ssnonsa roAHMaTa My O6H- KOAKS HS BbAFapHH, KOHTO Tpae UCAH HCTHpH MCCCUH — AO Kpan Ha asrycT 1869 r.

floKaTO JICBCKH 6HA ome B ByKypem HAH B PyMiDHHH B'bo6me, e 6HAO yroaopcHO nsnpamaHeTo Ha ACAerauHHTa AO MaunHH; MBAKO no-K-bcno, KOFBTO HaHHHaemnsT anocTOA e BCHC B B-bArapHH, PaHHOB H npHApy^HHK-bT My OTn-bTysaT 33 FIspHM H UiopHX. FISK B OTCbCTBHCTO HS JleBCKH TOBS npSTeHHHCCTBO ce sssp-bma H C AOKAaAa CH npeAHSBHKBS 6A3roA3p- CTBCHOTO nocnaHHe Ha „BpaTCKa Aio6oBa AO MBUHHH — HDAH 1869 F. B TOSH AOKyMCHT HMa naC3>K, FACTO Ce TBTapAH, HC HS BbAFapHH ACHCTByBaAH M3AKH HB- pOAHH HCTH, KOHTO A'bpHiBAH B HBnpOKCHHe TypUHTC FIO BCHK3 BCpOHTHOCT, TyH TBTDpACHHe C HSKSSSHO B"b3 OCHOBB H3 06H3Ae>KAB3mHH AOKA3A HS JleBCKH CACA n-bpBOTO My 06x0>KA3He H B-bS OCHOB3 HS HOA" FOTOBKSTS, KOHTO TOH CC BHyCKS Aa QCbmCCTBH npCS Man 1869 r. BCHC B onpeACACHH o6AacTH H MCCTB, nocoHCHH Ha T. KosaHCBS OT CSMHH HCFO — CAHBCH, FIAOBAHB, FlepymHua, T-bpnoBO, COC|)HH.

MB. Kac36oB nnme B cnoMCHHTe CH, KOHTO ce OTHSCHT K^M npoACTTa Ha 1869 r.: wnpe3 Meceu MapT CbmaT3 FOAHHS 6HX3 AomAH B ByKypem HHKOH

53

MASAH pacnaACHH 6'bArapH, KOHTO MC yBepnaaxs, ne HanpOAGT me CG nOAHFHC rOAHMO B-bCTaHHC B Blan- FapKH.. B-bB BCHHKH FAaBHH TpBAOBG H B nOBGHC cb6yAeHHTe ceAa HMBAO KOMHTCTH, KOHTO ce B"bopy- MOBBAH KOH C KaKBOTO MO>Ke 33 B-bCTaHHG mOM AOHAG npOACT. M HG HHH TyK TpH6BS Aa HM papQM HHKaKBH 6eAe3H sa B-bCTaHHG. Rs Torasa HSMHCAHX Aa HM CbCTaBH CAHS npoKASMsuHH... HsnHcsx H, ncHBTax H H C npHAaFBHCTO nCHBTB HB npHBpGMCHHOTO npSBH¬ TCACTBO B BaAKans, HM H AaAOx Aa H sanecsT TSHHO B B"bArapHH H H pSSASAaT npCABapHTCAHO HB KOMH¬ TCTHTC, sa Aa H pasttpocrpaHnBaT*.49 EAHH OT THH „pacnaACHH 6'bArapH" e 6HA, KaKTO BHAaxMe, BSCHA JICBCKH, 3 KBTO BTOpH MOKCM AB nOCOHHM HCFOBHH Apyrap, arHTaTopiDT, AOUJCA OT HMCTO Ha T-bpnosuH (B>K. no-rope). Ho, KBKTO ce BrnKpa OT AyMHTe na Kaca6oB, JICBCKH e nrpaA p-bKOBOAHaTa POAH : wTo3H BaCHA JleBCKH B MOC BpCMC 6eiJje HaH-BCpHHHT HBLU areHT, KOHTO xoAeme HS B-bArapHH H nponoBHABame B-bcraHHCTo. TOH HancTHHa 6eme CAHHCTBCHHHH, HaH->KHBHH H HaH-cnoco6HHH areHT, KOHTO pasnpocTpaHHBBuie nponaraHABTa sa TanHHTC cb- SaKACTH 6'bArapcKH KOMHTCTH H3 B-faAFapHH, AHHHO C WHBO CAOBO H ACAO* (K. a.).50

ETO, SHann, npes TOSH npeHe6perBaH H HCHSHCHCH AO cera nepHOA OT ACHHOCTTa Ha JICBCKH H Kaca6oBa KOAKO MHOFO Cb6HTHH Ca CTaHBAH, KOAKO Ba>KHH nO¬ AHTHHCCKH pemeHHH ca 6HAH npHBCACHH B H3n-bAHe- HHC. Me JICBCKH ce e npHo6mHA K'bM rpynaTa Ha Kaca6oBa H PaHHOBa, B TOBB BCHC HC MOKC Aa HMB CbMHCHHe.

flCHHOCTTS HB peBOAIOUHOHCpHTe — MBUHHHCTH B-bB BAamKO, HacoHCHa noAHTHHecKH H cpemy Aya- AHSMB, nTsAHBTa nOAHHHCHOCT CnpHMO pyCKBTB USpCKB AHnAOMBUHH H eBOAIOUHOHH3Ma HB BCTapHTe" OKOAO rflo6poAeTeAHa ApywHHa", e cpemHaAa OT npoACira

54

Ha 1869r.THXHaTa wecTcio cbnpoTHBB. 3a Tosa HH FO- BOpHT MHOFO CBKEjeTeACTBa. „CTBpHTe" OTKpHTO npOHBH- Ba AH CBOHTB Bp3>KAe6HOCT KTaM KHH>KOBHOTO Apy>KeCTBO H HCFOBHH OpFBHHSSTOp, B. CTOHHOB, 33mOTO TOH BTap- BHA C wMA3A.HTe" H ypOKASA Cb6p3HHH B THXHOTO HHT3- Anme „BpaTCKB AIO6OB" npes IOHH 1869 r. Flo TOSH CAynan Kac36oB c'bo6maBa Ha K-bpmoBCKH: „... Ha- UiHT-fe HCnpHHTCAH .. . Cb CHHKH CpeACTBa me FAfeAarb Aa HH pasA^Ai^T-b sa Aa Morsrb Aa HH CTpomsT-b no CAHHTJ no-ACCHO. TH HC SHseurb KSKBH MfepKH c^ npCAySCAH. T-fe C^ 6opHT'b H3 MUBOTh H CM-bprb. Hs CTOHHOBB Tp'fe63 Aa c^ CTBHSAH CTpSUJHH FOHHTCAH. TOH HsnpsBH o6me C'b6psHHe B-b HHTSAnmeTO „BpaT- CKS AIO6OB", HS KOCTO CTspHT-fe HC AOAOXS, a 6'bxa noKaHCHH. TOH npHKass CHHKOTO TCHCHHC HB Apy>Ke- CTBOTO, p^KOnA-feCKB C7R OTh BCHHKH MABAH H FO npH- r-bpnaxMe 6paTCKHa. Flo CbmOTO BpeMe Xp. FeoprHeB Hsnpama Ha H. Feposa peAHua nncMa, nocBCTCHH HS¬ UHAO HB KHHWOBHOTO ApywecTBO, CTOHHOBB H MAB- AHTC; TC Ca nijAHH c HconpaBAaHH xyAH, KACBCTH H AOAHH noAMHTaHHH no TCXCH BApec.51

Xp. FeopFHCB e CACAHA C 03Ao6AeHHe BCHKB crbmo HB Kaca6oBa, PaHHoaa, JICBCKH H xopaTa OKOAO .HapoAHOcr*, CTapaeHKH ce ycbpAHO Aa npeA- CTSBH TexHaTa ACHHOCT npCA pyCKHH KOHcyA B ByKy¬ pem, OcJ)eH6epr, H npeA pycKHH BHueKOHcyA B FIAOB¬ AHB, H. FepOB, K3TO 3AOCTHS npOBOKSUHOHHS S^CpB Ha uapHrpaACKBTa Tanna noAHUHH, ueAema Aa H3AO>KH 6,bArapHTe npeA Pycnn H Espona c TCXHH MHHMH pCBOAIOUHOHHH CKCUCCH. Xp. FeopFHCB HapHHB PaH- HOBB „rAaBeH TypCKH UJnHOHHH" — T. C. npOBOKBTOp, a JICBCKH H Kaca6oBa — „ mnnoHH", KOHTO pa6oTeAH c TypcKH cy6cHAHH H wnpoAaBaAH 6amacH sa napH\

51-a MB. Kaca6oB, HSFAOKAB, C ocnoBaHHC ce onABKBa

B CBOHTC CnOMCHH, HC Xp. FeopFHCB, KBTO H3nOA3y- Ban CBOCTO BAHHHHC H rbproBCKH sp-bSKH BcpeA 6'bA¬ rapcKHTe KOAOHHH B-bB BAamKo, ycnHA Aa npHHyAH HBCTOHTCAHTC HB wHapOAHOCT" Aa CC OTKBHOT OT FpH-

55

>KaTa ss secTHHKa H Aa My npeAaAaT cnncbUHTe na a6oHaTHTe. FeopFHCB, no BQwa BCPOHTHOCT, e 6HA noAnoMOFHaT B TBSH 6op6a H OT HenpHHSHCHO HS- CTpoenHTC cpemy MMA3A3 B-bArapHn" eMHFpaHTH, KOHTO ome npes npoAeTHHTe MCCCUH HB 1869 r. ocnopsaxa BOAaneCKaTa POAH Ha Kaca6oBa H cepnos- HOCTTB HS HerosaTa rpynnpoBKB. BCCTHHK wHapoAHOCT" HBHCTHHS sanoHsa Aa jiHHee, a npes M. IOHH Kac36oB HSAaBa TpCBOWCH BHK 33 HCFOBOTO CnaCHBaHG, KBTO