A Paper Presented at Regional Implementation Workshop A Paper Presented at Regional Implementation Workshop for IFAD - Supported Projects and Programmes for IFAD - Supported Projects and Programmes Prepared by: Prepared by: Norman, Dumsile and Jerry Norman, Dumsile and Jerry Venue: Venue: Joaquim Chissano International Conference Centre Joaquim Chissano International Conference Centre (Maputo) (Maputo) Date: Date: 15 November 2010 15 November 2010 Chiefdom Development Planning as a Chiefdom Development Planning as a Framework for Sustainable Rural Framework for Sustainable Rural Development Development
Transcript
A Paper Presented at Regional Implementation Workshop for A Paper Presented at Regional Implementation Workshop for IFAD - Supported Projects and ProgrammesIFAD - Supported Projects and Programmes
Prepared by:Prepared by: Norman, Dumsile and Jerry Norman, Dumsile and Jerry
Venue:Venue: Joaquim Chissano International Conference Centre Joaquim Chissano International Conference Centre
(Maputo) (Maputo)
Date:Date: 15 November 2010 15 November 2010
Chiefdom Development Planning as a Framework Chiefdom Development Planning as a Framework for Sustainable Rural Developmentfor Sustainable Rural Development
BackgroundBackground Land Tenure in SwazilandLand Tenure in Swaziland Adminstration of land in SwazilandAdminstration of land in Swaziland Acquisition of land under Swazi Nation LandAcquisition of land under Swazi Nation Land Access to landAccess to land The need for a Chiefdom Development Plan (CDP)The need for a Chiefdom Development Plan (CDP) The Process of CDP developmentThe Process of CDP development The CDP lauchThe CDP lauch Challenges and Mitigation MeasuresChallenges and Mitigation Measures ConclusionConclusion
Presentation OutlinePresentation Outline
BackgroundBackgroundThis presentation serves to provide information This presentation serves to provide information
on the sustainable management of land and water on the sustainable management of land and water to improve agriculture production through the use to improve agriculture production through the use of the Chiefdom Development Plan (CDP) as a of the Chiefdom Development Plan (CDP) as a frame work for land use in the frame work for land use in the LowerLower Usuthu Usuthu Smallholder Irrigation Project (LUSIP). Smallholder Irrigation Project (LUSIP).
The goal of LUSIP is the reduction of poverty The goal of LUSIP is the reduction of poverty and sustained improvement in the standard of and sustained improvement in the standard of living of the population in the Project living of the population in the Project Development Area (PDA) through Development Area (PDA) through commercialization and intensification of commercialization and intensification of agricultureagriculture. .
Land Tenure in Swaziland is divided mainly into two:Land Tenure in Swaziland is divided mainly into two:
Title Deed Land:Title Deed Land: This is land in respect of which a person This is land in respect of which a person could have a title to it and could be sold and bondedcould have a title to it and could be sold and bonded
Swazi Nation Land: Swazi Nation Land: This is land that is held in trust by the This is land that is held in trust by the Ingwenyama (His Majesty the King) on behalf of the Swazi Ingwenyama (His Majesty the King) on behalf of the Swazi Nation. Section 211 of the Swaziland Constitution provides: Nation. Section 211 of the Swaziland Constitution provides: “…All land (including any existing concession) in Swaziland, “…All land (including any existing concession) in Swaziland, save as privately held title-deed land, shall continue to vest in save as privately held title-deed land, shall continue to vest in Ingwenyama in trust for the Swazi Nation…” This is land that Ingwenyama in trust for the Swazi Nation…” This is land that is mainly found in the rural area where the majority of Swazis is mainly found in the rural area where the majority of Swazis live.live.
Land Tenure in SwazilandLand Tenure in Swaziland
Swazi Nation land is administered by Chiefs, on behalf Swazi Nation land is administered by Chiefs, on behalf of His Majesty the King (Ingwenyama). of His Majesty the King (Ingwenyama).
The Swaziland Constitution in s.212, establishes the The Swaziland Constitution in s.212, establishes the Land Management Board responsible for the overall Land Management Board responsible for the overall management, and for the regulation of any right or management, and for the regulation of any right or interest in land whether urban or rural or vesting in interest in land whether urban or rural or vesting in Ingwenyama in trust for the Swazi nation. Ingwenyama in trust for the Swazi nation.
According to the Constitution, in performing its According to the Constitution, in performing its functions, the Board shall be accountable to functions, the Board shall be accountable to Ingwenyama.Ingwenyama.
Administration of land in SwazilandAdministration of land in Swaziland
Swazis access land through the Swazis access land through the Khonta (be given land)Khonta (be given land) system. The process followed under this custom is that, system. The process followed under this custom is that, once a person has been accepted by the Inner Council once a person has been accepted by the Inner Council ((Bandlancane) Bandlancane) to be allocated land in the community, to be allocated land in the community, he is required to pay a cow as a token of appreciation. he is required to pay a cow as a token of appreciation. The Inner Council representatives walk the boundary The Inner Council representatives walk the boundary and tie a knot (and tie a knot (kubopha lifindvokubopha lifindvo))
Members of the community nearby the new site are Members of the community nearby the new site are also informed so that they can come to witness the also informed so that they can come to witness the allocationallocation
Acquisition of land under Swazi Nation LandAcquisition of land under Swazi Nation Land
CHIEFDOM COMMUNICATION STRUCTURE
Headman/ Indvuna
Inner Council/ Bandlancane
Princes/ Bantfwab-enkhosi
Chief’s Advisory Council
CDC CDT BOMANGWANE/Chief’s Runner
Community Police
COMMUNITY/ ETIGODZINI
An unmarried woman cannot An unmarried woman cannot khontakhonta (be given land) (be given land) on her own. She can only be allowed to on her own. She can only be allowed to khontakhonta through her male childthrough her male child
This customary requirement has been found to be This customary requirement has been found to be somewhat cumbersome for women. It is worth noting somewhat cumbersome for women. It is worth noting that unmarried men cannot also acquire land through that unmarried men cannot also acquire land through kukhontakukhonta under Swazi Nation Land. under Swazi Nation Land.
Section Section 2020 and and 2828 of the Swaziland Constitution also of the Swaziland Constitution also clothe women with equality before the lawclothe women with equality before the law
Access to landAccess to land
A CDP is a tool for community planningA CDP is a tool for community planning It is comprehensive in detailing how a particular community It is comprehensive in detailing how a particular community
intends developing, and it sets out targets and timelines for intends developing, and it sets out targets and timelines for such intended developmentsuch intended development
It’s fundamental underlying principles are; It’s fundamental underlying principles are; empowermentempowerment, , self-relianceself-reliance, , responsivenesresponsivenesss, , partnershippartnership, , accountabilityaccountability, , transparencytransparency, , equal participationequal participation, , inclusivenessinclusiveness, , responsibilityresponsibility, , equityequity, , efficiencyefficiency, , consensus buildingconsensus building and and representationrepresentation..
It empowers communities to effectively participate It empowers communities to effectively participate and support equitable fransformation processesand support equitable fransformation processes
The need for a CDPThe need for a CDP
Mobilization of community Mobilization of community (SDCs and CDC elected)(SDCs and CDC elected) Identification of key stakeholders Identification of key stakeholders (Government, NGOs, CBOs)(Government, NGOs, CBOs) Conduct Training for Transformation Level 1Conduct Training for Transformation Level 1 Conduct Training for transformation Level 2 Conduct Training for transformation Level 2 (Vision, (Vision,
Mission Statement and objectives)Mission Statement and objectives) Conduct Participatory Community Resource AssessmentConduct Participatory Community Resource Assessment Facilitate development of Local Economic Development Facilitate development of Local Economic Development
Strategies Strategies (Key strategic Focus areas and Objectives)(Key strategic Focus areas and Objectives) Compile Draft CDP and present to Traditional Authorities Compile Draft CDP and present to Traditional Authorities
and community for approval/endorsementand community for approval/endorsement CDP Launch by ChiefCDP Launch by Chief Facilitate marketing of launched CDPFacilitate marketing of launched CDP
The Process of CDP The Process of CDP developmentdevelopment
Consultative meetings are held in each section where men, women and youth Consultative meetings are held in each section where men, women and youth engage freely in discussions/dialogue in planning for their chiefdomengage freely in discussions/dialogue in planning for their chiefdom
Plans made at Chiefdom Section’s level are taken to the CDC for ratification Plans made at Chiefdom Section’s level are taken to the CDC for ratification and integration with other plans compiled from the other sections of the and integration with other plans compiled from the other sections of the chiefdomchiefdom
The integrated plan is then presented to the chiefdom Traditional Authorities The integrated plan is then presented to the chiefdom Traditional Authorities by the CDCby the CDC
The Inner Council, together with CDC, then presents the Draft CDP document The Inner Council, together with CDC, then presents the Draft CDP document to the Chief in Council for further and final endorsement to the Chief in Council for further and final endorsement
The Chief calls a mass community meeting where the CDC Chairperson, The Chief calls a mass community meeting where the CDC Chairperson, through the Headman (Indvuna), presents the CDP Draft document to through the Headman (Indvuna), presents the CDP Draft document to community members. In such a meeting, community members are given the community members. In such a meeting, community members are given the opportunity to ask questions, add information, or get clarification on what is opportunity to ask questions, add information, or get clarification on what is contained in the document.contained in the document.
The whole exercise takes The whole exercise takes +92 days +92 days dependant on the size of the chiefdom and dependant on the size of the chiefdom and sections, as well cooperation of the people and local leadershipsections, as well cooperation of the people and local leadership
Process cont...Process cont...
Mobilization (7 days)
Identification of key Stakeholders (3 days)
Conduct Training for Transformation Level 1
(10days)
Conduct Training for Transformation Level 2
(3days)
Conduct Participatory Community Resource Assessment (30 days)
Facilitate development of LED strategies (6 days)
Compile Draft CDP document (15 days)
Present Draft Plan/Strategy to TA for Approval (8 days)
Facilitate Launching of CDP (7days)
Facilitate marketing of launched CDP (3days)
1. Introduction meetings2. Community profiling3. Elections of SDCS, CDCS by community
Approved SDCs, CDCs & Communication structureApproved SDCs, CDCs & Communication structure
1. Identification of stakeholders2. Contact stakeholders3. Profiling stakeholders4. Role definition
Key Stakeholders list endorsed by SDCs , CDCs & TA .Stakeholder analysis report
Key Stakeholders list endorsed by SDCs , CDCs & TA .Stakeholder analysis report
1. Introduction to Sustainable Dev.2. Group formation3. Group dynamics3. Communication 4. Conflict resolution5. Leadership qualities6. Decision making7. Gender equality in development8. Socio-economic rights9. Management of meetings10.Constitution development
Trainees List & Certificates issued!Training ReportTrainees List & Certificates issued!Training Report
1. Introduction to CDP process (CD Planning Awareness)2. Envisioning3. CDP Development plan
Vision & Mission Statements; Values & Objectives Accepted by TA & Trainees List and Task Team formed
Vision & Mission Statements; Values & Objectives Accepted by TA & Trainees List and Task Team formed
1.Train Task Team on resource assessment2. Conduct Resource Assessment (PRA)3. Produce Reports & Maps4. Present Assessment reports to SDCs, CDC, TA
Community Resource AssessmentCurrent land-use map endorsed Report
Community Resource AssessmentCurrent land-use map endorsed Report
1. Train task team on Local Economic Development (LED) strategies2. Allocate Resources3. Development of LED strategies and prioritize (rank) strategies4. Workshop strategies to SDCs, CDC & Bucopho
Strategic Focus Areas endorsed by SDCs, CDCs & BucophoStrategic Focus Areas endorsed by SDCs, CDCs & Bucopho
1. Compilation of strategies into a plan2. Presentation to LUSIP Management for quality check up
Draft CDP document approved by LUSIP ManagementDraft CDP document approved by LUSIP Management
1. Workshop TA, CDC on the Draft Strategy3. Design and print approved CDP document
Approved Strategies signed off by TA,Designed & printed Approved Strategies signed off by TA,Designed & printed
CDP Launched by Chief, Key stakeholders invited & booklets issued.
CDP Launched by Chief, Key stakeholders invited & booklets issued.
1. Workshop CDC, TA on project proposal writing, negotiations2. Reporting on implementation of Plan
Empowered SDCs, CDC, TAs on Proposal Writing, Project Implementation, Negotiations & Participatory Monitoring & Evaluation (Reporting)
Empowered SDCs, CDC, TAs on Proposal Writing, Project Implementation, Negotiations & Participatory Monitoring & Evaluation (Reporting)
Total # of days = +92This is dependant on the size of the chiefdom & # of sections & cooperation of the people/ local leadership.
THE CDP PROCESS
After the community’s endorsement, the CDP is launched After the community’s endorsement, the CDP is launched by the Chief where key stakeholders are invited to attendby the Chief where key stakeholders are invited to attend
The Chief endorses the CDP publiclyThe Chief endorses the CDP publicly The launch is significant in the sense that it provides The launch is significant in the sense that it provides
opportunities for theTraditional Authorities to market/sell opportunities for theTraditional Authorities to market/sell the Plan to potential Funders and targeted Government the Plan to potential Funders and targeted Government Ministries. Ministries.
The CDP LaunchThe CDP Launch
CDP Launch cont...CDP Launch cont...
MADLENYA CDP LAUNCH – 27.03.10
SIGNED BY CHIEF MGWAGWA GAMEDZE
Challenges Mitigations
1. At section level, consultative meetings are sometimes poorly attended which delays development of CDP on time due to meetings being postponed
CDC engage communities during week-ends TA take lead in covening consultative meetings
2. Decentralization Act has not been passed
Lobby Parliamentarians for the passing of the Act since the Decentralization Policy is in place
3. Land Policy is still a Draft, yet it is a framework for land management in Swazi Nation Land. Land Tenure Security status in Swaziland is a threat for rural businesses
Lobby government to speed up the process of passing the long awaited Land Policy in order to bring into effect and review the relevant legislations related to land Lobby the newly established Land Management Board and Kings Advisory Council
4. There is no ‘clear driver’ of CDP at National Level. Decentralization Department is there, but has a challenge (in terms of capacity) in driving this initiative forward
Lobby government to capacitate the Decentralization Department to take lead in CDP development/formulation
Challenges and Mitigation Challenges and Mitigation MeasuresMeasures
Challenges Mitigations
5. Swaziland is still at a learning curve in as far as CDP development is concerned. Decentralization Department is at teething stage, hence, there are insufficient Funds to implement the CDPs
Source Funding to help implement the CDPs
6. Complex land tenure security Introduce the concept of Leasehold on Swazi Nation Land Capacitate Chiefs to lobby His Majesty King Mswati III on the land tenure security issue on SNL Create Stakeholder Forum to debate on Land Tenure Security
7. Inadequate legislation relating to land Lobby Parliament for the enactment of pro-development laws and policies Work with the office of Attorney General to fast track drafting of policies and legislations relating to development
Challenges and Mitigation Cont…Challenges and Mitigation Cont…
The CDP approach, being bottom-up in nature is more ideal for The CDP approach, being bottom-up in nature is more ideal for sustainable developmentsustainable development
A CDP outlines a clear communication and leadership structure A CDP outlines a clear communication and leadership structure within the chiefdomwithin the chiefdom
It plays a paramount role in ensuring that the TA of that particular It plays a paramount role in ensuring that the TA of that particular Chiefdom take a leading role in ensuring that the CDP is Chiefdom take a leading role in ensuring that the CDP is implementedimplemented
The CDP is complementing government’s decentralization The CDP is complementing government’s decentralization strategy, and is even more forward-looking because it gives the strategy, and is even more forward-looking because it gives the community members an opportunity to shape their own destinycommunity members an opportunity to shape their own destiny
There is a need for an adoption of a national rural development There is a need for an adoption of a national rural development framework that will serve as a guide to all development initiatives framework that will serve as a guide to all development initiatives in Swaziland in Swaziland
The general consensus, among stakeholders, is that CDPs could be The general consensus, among stakeholders, is that CDPs could be an ideal framework for sustainable rural developmentan ideal framework for sustainable rural development
