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A Parking Management Guide for Local Governments Cristina Lynn Presented at Transpoquip Sao Paulo, November 2011
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Page 1: A Parking Management Guide for Local Governments · A Parking Management Guide for Local Governments Cristina Lynn Presented at Transpoquip Sao Paulo, November 2011 . The Parking

A Parking Management Guide for Local Governments

Cristina Lynn

Presented at Transpoquip

Sao Paulo, November 2011

Page 2: A Parking Management Guide for Local Governments · A Parking Management Guide for Local Governments Cristina Lynn Presented at Transpoquip Sao Paulo, November 2011 . The Parking

The Parking Journey

No parking controls

Parking demand starts to exceeds supply

Authorities start

receiving complaints. Pedestrian accidents

are reported

Planning controls on

new developme

nts are introduced

Time restrictions and

enforcement are introduced

Resident permits

are introduced

Parking frustration

persists despite controls

Authorities start

considering firmer

measures

Page 3: A Parking Management Guide for Local Governments · A Parking Management Guide for Local Governments Cristina Lynn Presented at Transpoquip Sao Paulo, November 2011 . The Parking

Pay Parking- An Overview

Why Pay Parking?

• Local Government agencies have an obligation to improve the quality of their urban spaces.

• Congestion dominated sidewalks and roads do nothing for the aesthetics of any urban hub and leaves it dominated by a handful of cars

Page 4: A Parking Management Guide for Local Governments · A Parking Management Guide for Local Governments Cristina Lynn Presented at Transpoquip Sao Paulo, November 2011 . The Parking

Pay Parking- An Overview

Why Pay Parking?

• Pay Parking can immediately improve traffic flows and accessibility

• Generate revenue for public works on a user pays model.

• Is a vital part of a regional transport management program

Page 5: A Parking Management Guide for Local Governments · A Parking Management Guide for Local Governments Cristina Lynn Presented at Transpoquip Sao Paulo, November 2011 . The Parking

Simple........Isn’t It?

Pay Parking ….

Just cementing parking meters on the sidewalk sounds simple - but is a very complex process to actually implement

Page 6: A Parking Management Guide for Local Governments · A Parking Management Guide for Local Governments Cristina Lynn Presented at Transpoquip Sao Paulo, November 2011 . The Parking

Simple........Isn’t It?

SOME OF THE OBSTACLES:

– Public disapproval : “ruins businesses”, “bad for local retail/office workers that cannot use public transport”, “residents complain because it impacts their visitors”

– No formal bureaucratic processes in place

– Internal coordination “Who is going to be the one that falls on their sword?”

– Budget constraints for new infrastructure

– Traffic Management Policy

Page 7: A Parking Management Guide for Local Governments · A Parking Management Guide for Local Governments Cristina Lynn Presented at Transpoquip Sao Paulo, November 2011 . The Parking

The Complex Dialogue that is Pay Parking

Page 8: A Parking Management Guide for Local Governments · A Parking Management Guide for Local Governments Cristina Lynn Presented at Transpoquip Sao Paulo, November 2011 . The Parking

Local Government Pay Parking

Strategy

Alternative transport options Has allowance been made for bicycles, car sharing, public transport and contribution schemes

Traffic Management Consistent with Traffic management strategy

On street versus off street – pricing strategy Holistic approach required to achieve an integrated parking policy

Reporting, reconciliation and audit requirements Government processes Does system stand up to scrutiny?

Can processes be implemented

Stakeholder Consultation Along every step of the process Communications and media Strategy Resident parking Schemes

Current and Future Demand & Supply Survey for comparison with future scenarios (match supply and demand)

Key Components

Technology for parking & enforcement Myriad of alternative options available; consider future proofing

EMV Credit Card

Feasibility Study Consider operational, technological and enforcement issues for an overall assessment of revenues and expenses; how will revenues be used?

Page 9: A Parking Management Guide for Local Governments · A Parking Management Guide for Local Governments Cristina Lynn Presented at Transpoquip Sao Paulo, November 2011 . The Parking

Local Government Pay Parking

Strategy

Stakeholder Consultation Along every step of the process Communications and media Strategy Resident parking Schemes

Key Components

Page 10: A Parking Management Guide for Local Governments · A Parking Management Guide for Local Governments Cristina Lynn Presented at Transpoquip Sao Paulo, November 2011 . The Parking

Stakeholder Consultation - The Key

Make sure you are never accused of not having communicated enough!!!

External Consultation

• Residents that depend on kerbside parking

• Local retailers and small businesses

• Other authorities

– Neighbouring government agencies

– Regional transport authorities

But.....Leave the media out of it!!!!

Page 11: A Parking Management Guide for Local Governments · A Parking Management Guide for Local Governments Cristina Lynn Presented at Transpoquip Sao Paulo, November 2011 . The Parking

Stakeholder Consultation - The Key

Make sure you are never accused of not having communicated enough!!!

Internal Consultation

• Policy advisors (that report to the Councillors)

• Departments that are likely to be impacted

• Media department

Page 12: A Parking Management Guide for Local Governments · A Parking Management Guide for Local Governments Cristina Lynn Presented at Transpoquip Sao Paulo, November 2011 . The Parking

Local Government Pay Parking

Strategy

Stakeholder Consultation Along every step of the process Communications and media Strategy Resident parking Schemes

Key Components

Technology for parking & enforcement Myriad of alternative options available; consider future proofing

EMV Credit Card

Page 13: A Parking Management Guide for Local Governments · A Parking Management Guide for Local Governments Cristina Lynn Presented at Transpoquip Sao Paulo, November 2011 . The Parking

Technology Research

• Pay and display

• Multi bay

• Pay by space

• Licence Plate Recognition

• Bay Sensors

• Credit card technology

• Off-street

• Enforcement

• Integration of various systems

Page 14: A Parking Management Guide for Local Governments · A Parking Management Guide for Local Governments Cristina Lynn Presented at Transpoquip Sao Paulo, November 2011 . The Parking

Pay & Display (PAD)

• Advantages

– User familiarity, tried and tested technology

– Easy to enforce

– Receipt issued with every transaction

– Can potentially maximise usage by marking area, not individual bays

Page 15: A Parking Management Guide for Local Governments · A Parking Management Guide for Local Governments Cristina Lynn Presented at Transpoquip Sao Paulo, November 2011 . The Parking

Pay & Display (PAD)

• Disadvantages

– Consumable costs (paper)

– Increased maintenance (ticket refills, ticket jams)

– Expensive to enforce

– Integration with bay sensor technology

Page 16: A Parking Management Guide for Local Governments · A Parking Management Guide for Local Governments Cristina Lynn Presented at Transpoquip Sao Paulo, November 2011 . The Parking

Pay by Bay (PBB)

• Advantages – No ticket issued – Easy to enforce (officer

checks meter for all expired bays)

– Convenience (user does not need to return to vehicle after payment)

– Tried & tested in on-street environments

– Easily integrated with bay sensor technology for enforcement, resetting of meters, space availability information, etc

Page 17: A Parking Management Guide for Local Governments · A Parking Management Guide for Local Governments Cristina Lynn Presented at Transpoquip Sao Paulo, November 2011 . The Parking

Pay by Bay (PBB)

• Disadvantages

– Unused time automatically handed to next parker

– Individual bays need to be marked /numbered

– If meter not functioning all the bays linked to that meter become inoperable

– Need to educate and inform users (e.g. note bay number before paying)

– Need to specify issue of receipt on request

Page 18: A Parking Management Guide for Local Governments · A Parking Management Guide for Local Governments Cristina Lynn Presented at Transpoquip Sao Paulo, November 2011 . The Parking

Pay by Plate (PBP)

• Advantages

– No ticket issued (reduced paper, reduced maintenance etc)

– Unused time not transferable to next parker

– Convenience (user does not need to return to vehicle after payment)

Page 19: A Parking Management Guide for Local Governments · A Parking Management Guide for Local Governments Cristina Lynn Presented at Transpoquip Sao Paulo, November 2011 . The Parking

Pay by Plate (PBP)

• Disadvantages

– Enforcement more complex than PBB

– Ranger enters/scans licence plate into PDA and system checks that vehicle has paid for parking

– Each check takes between 5-30 seconds, depending on communications method

– User needs to spend more time at meter inputting licence plate in addition to payment

– Potential for licence plate input errors

Page 20: A Parking Management Guide for Local Governments · A Parking Management Guide for Local Governments Cristina Lynn Presented at Transpoquip Sao Paulo, November 2011 . The Parking

Pay by Phone

• Advantages

– Fewer meters / machines required (only as back up)

– Unused time not transferred to next parker

– User receives warning of expiry – able to top up without returning to vehicle

– No cash handling

Page 21: A Parking Management Guide for Local Governments · A Parking Management Guide for Local Governments Cristina Lynn Presented at Transpoquip Sao Paulo, November 2011 . The Parking

Pay by Phone

• Disadvantages

– Some meters still required and usually less convenient as more spaced out

– User usually needs to pre-register for service

– Registration not attractive for occasional users, tourists

– Different entry methods (keypad, voice recognition)

Page 22: A Parking Management Guide for Local Governments · A Parking Management Guide for Local Governments Cristina Lynn Presented at Transpoquip Sao Paulo, November 2011 . The Parking

Pay on Foot

• Benefits: – Improved security for users (reduced

risk of car theft) – Recycling of notes/coin allows for less

frequent cash handling – Regular users can pay via stored value

card (rechargeable at the pay stations)

– High level of reporting and data generated by system

– No enforcement activity required – Can use loop counters at entry/exit to inform dynamic signage

Page 23: A Parking Management Guide for Local Governments · A Parking Management Guide for Local Governments Cristina Lynn Presented at Transpoquip Sao Paulo, November 2011 . The Parking

Individual Bay Sensors

• Advantages – Together with meters, they

provide an integrated, efficient and effective enforcement regime

– Alert sent to parking officer when overstay detected, enabling targeted enforcement

– Can provide comprehensive reporting of occupancy & turnover of spaces

– Allows unspent transactions to be reset (increased revenues to the authority)

Page 24: A Parking Management Guide for Local Governments · A Parking Management Guide for Local Governments Cristina Lynn Presented at Transpoquip Sao Paulo, November 2011 . The Parking

Individual Bay Sensors

• Advantages – Visible sign of control (reduces overstays and encourages turnover of bays)

– No wiring required (battery or solar powered)

– Can be integrated with dynamic signage to provide

accurate, real-time space availability to users

Page 25: A Parking Management Guide for Local Governments · A Parking Management Guide for Local Governments Cristina Lynn Presented at Transpoquip Sao Paulo, November 2011 . The Parking

Implementation of a Parking Management Strategy

Page 26: A Parking Management Guide for Local Governments · A Parking Management Guide for Local Governments Cristina Lynn Presented at Transpoquip Sao Paulo, November 2011 . The Parking

De-centralised parking management – all too common occurrence

What happens if there is little cohesion or coordination between various stakeholders and government entities???????

Page 27: A Parking Management Guide for Local Governments · A Parking Management Guide for Local Governments Cristina Lynn Presented at Transpoquip Sao Paulo, November 2011 . The Parking

Business as usual $%^&*%$%&&

Transport Strategy Ensure that operational functions are in-line with strategic direction

Parking Operations

Technical team Installations Contract management Performance management

Finance Dept. Reporting, reconciliation and audit Procurement

Parking Permit Administration Required to achieve an integrated parking policy

Traffic Management policy

Customer Service Dept Report meter faults and general Inbound complaints

Media Unit Public Consultation required along every step of the process Communications and media Strategy

Resident support

Enforcement requires regular monitoring and updating

Traffic Operations

Kerbside allocations for parking. Surveys Traffic engineering bicycles, car sharing, public transport

IT Service Dept Assists with the implementation of parking management systems

Page 28: A Parking Management Guide for Local Governments · A Parking Management Guide for Local Governments Cristina Lynn Presented at Transpoquip Sao Paulo, November 2011 . The Parking

Traffic Management Issues

• Civil works, roadside works, special events are not communicated appropriately.

• Transport planning need to understand on-street demands

• Areas where parking meters are required are not identified and conveyed to the right parties

• Changes to kerbside parking allocation not communicated to the other departments

• Parking fees set outside of traffic management parameters

Page 29: A Parking Management Guide for Local Governments · A Parking Management Guide for Local Governments Cristina Lynn Presented at Transpoquip Sao Paulo, November 2011 . The Parking

Enforcement issues

• Parking meter revenue is influenced by enforcement efficiencies.

• Enforcement officers are less motivated to pass on meter faults to the parking operations dept

• Modern parking technology not being used to its full potential.

• Parking permits are routinely abused creating huge pressure on parking demand

Page 30: A Parking Management Guide for Local Governments · A Parking Management Guide for Local Governments Cristina Lynn Presented at Transpoquip Sao Paulo, November 2011 . The Parking

Media mis-management

• Communications/marketing department needs to be across politically sensitive changes to kerbside space so that there is little public backlash

• Poor implementation of pay parking (e.g. High number of meter breakdowns in first few weeks) - can be embarrassing

• Even though there may be community benefits to pay parking, the public will be less cooperative with the introductory of pay parking.

Page 31: A Parking Management Guide for Local Governments · A Parking Management Guide for Local Governments Cristina Lynn Presented at Transpoquip Sao Paulo, November 2011 . The Parking

Non Collaboration = No Action

Council receive complaints

form resident group relating

to parking

Senior management

request a report on the

issue

Traffic operations investigate the issue

Parking surveys

conducted

Recommendations to implement

parking controls are conveys to senior

management

Media Unit develop comms

plan

consultation process

commences

Public criticism is

forecast

Process starts to collapse

Too many uncoordinated steps – opens the doors to increased chance of failure

Page 32: A Parking Management Guide for Local Governments · A Parking Management Guide for Local Governments Cristina Lynn Presented at Transpoquip Sao Paulo, November 2011 . The Parking

How do you make it all happen????

Page 33: A Parking Management Guide for Local Governments · A Parking Management Guide for Local Governments Cristina Lynn Presented at Transpoquip Sao Paulo, November 2011 . The Parking

Ideal Business Model

Transport Strategy Ensure that operational functions are in-line with strategic direction

Parking Operations

Technical team Installations Contract management Performance management

Finance Dept. Reporting, reconciliation and audit Procurement

Parking Permit Administration Required to achieve an integrated parking policy

Traffic Management policy

Customer Service Dept Report meter faults and general Inbound complaints

Media Unit Public Consultation required along every step of the process Communications and media Strategy

Resident support

Parking Management Strategy

Enforcement requires regular monitoring and updating

Traffic Operations

Kerbside allocations for parking. Surveys Traffic engineering bicycles, car sharing, public transport

IT Service Dept Assists with the implementation of parking management systems

Page 34: A Parking Management Guide for Local Governments · A Parking Management Guide for Local Governments Cristina Lynn Presented at Transpoquip Sao Paulo, November 2011 . The Parking

Sydney Olympics 2000

Page 35: A Parking Management Guide for Local Governments · A Parking Management Guide for Local Governments Cristina Lynn Presented at Transpoquip Sao Paulo, November 2011 . The Parking

Sydney Olympic Authority (SOPA)

• Working group set up by NSW State Premier

• Main aim to coordinate traffic management issues

• Prior to SOPA no coordinated effort.

• SOPA had powers in relation to all traffic and parking matters.

• BUT they cooperated with local authorities to ensure the best outcome

• Traffic engineers that were present at the time stated “Local authorities were motivated to support SOPA to ensure they were not overruled (by not cooperating). What they found however – was an opportunity to work together to achieve broad outcomes that would have otherwise been difficult to implement.” The Sydney Olympic parking infrastructure and supporting road networks are testament to the sudden efficiencies realised through this new spirit of cooperation.

• The legacy of this initiative lives on today and formed the basis of how several government departments can manage major transport issues.

Page 36: A Parking Management Guide for Local Governments · A Parking Management Guide for Local Governments Cristina Lynn Presented at Transpoquip Sao Paulo, November 2011 . The Parking

Adopting the correct model

• The City can finally make money out of the car – AND start moving into the 21st century where sidewalks are handed back to the people

• Increased efficiency and significantly higher revenues

• Various departments are working as a team to achieve wider transport objectives.

• Reduced fraud and increased transparency between departments and staff

• Increased enforcement efficiencies will lead to better staff morale.

Page 37: A Parking Management Guide for Local Governments · A Parking Management Guide for Local Governments Cristina Lynn Presented at Transpoquip Sao Paulo, November 2011 . The Parking

Conclusion

• There are too many potential obstacles – therefore it is imperative to set a Clear Direction

• A Working group is mandatory to ensure a united position on various issues and that the journey is a lot smoother

• Strong communications/media strategy is important for both the government AND the public. There is no need for excessive public backlash

• Do not rush into a technology investment – carry out a detailed analysis of pros and cons of various options and build a business case. Above all ensure you are future proofing your parking operation

Page 38: A Parking Management Guide for Local Governments · A Parking Management Guide for Local Governments Cristina Lynn Presented at Transpoquip Sao Paulo, November 2011 . The Parking

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