A PORTFOLIO OF WORK BY THE HELP MAPPING...

MAPPING + DATA VISUALIZATIONA PORTFOLIO OF WORK BY THE HELP MAPPING TEAM

For more information:www.earlylearning.ubc.ca

[email protected]

Human Early Learning PartnershipUniversity of British Columbia

ContEntsChoropleth Maps ................................... 3Cartogram Maps .................................... 4Dorling Cartograms ............................... 5Flow Maps ............................................. 5Google Earth Overlays ............................ 6Interactive EDI Map ................................ 7Ecumene Maps ...................................... 8Dasymetric Maps ................................... 9Starplot Symbols .................................. 10Bar Chart Symbols ............................... 11Pie Chart Symbols ................................ 12

Custom Symbols .................................. 13Line Charts .......................................... 14Bar Charts ............................................ 14High-Low Plots ..................................... 15EDI Data Tables .................................... 16Illustrative Diagrams ............................. 17Stacked Layer Maps ............................. 18Community Asset Maps ....................... 19Aboriginal Language Mapping ............. 20Road Network Analysis ........................ 21International EDI Maps ......................... 22

JENNIFER HARVEY JAY DOUILLARD

We thank and acknowledge the contributions of past members of the HELP Mapping Unit: Peter Schaub, Lorraine Gibson, Wayne Geary, Kate Trafford, Eric Hertzman, Carlos Silva, Ellen Larcombe and Cristobal Cahis

ANTHONY SMITH JEREMY ALEXANDER EMILIA WALTON

tHE HELP MAPPInG + DAtA VIsUALIZAtIon tEAMThe primary responsibility of our team is to disseminate the results of the Early Development Instrument (EDI) to academic, government and community partners throughout the Province. Our goal is to provide the data clearly, accurately and in multiple ways so that childhood vulnerability in BC can be discussed and understood by researchers, policy makers and the public alike. To visualize the data we use maps, symbols, tables, charts, words and illustrations, while always searching for new and innovative techniques. This portfolio is a collection of our maps and data visualizations, provided as a record of our achievements and as inspiration for future projects.

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2

CHoroPLEtH MAPsChoropleth maps are the most common type of map produced by our organization, and comprise the standard EDI map package that HELP produces for each wave of data collection. Data are aggregated to the neighbourhood level - the boundaries of which have been developed in consultation with local communities across the Province. Neighbourhoods on the map are coloured according to set quintile breaks so that child vulnerability rates can be compared across geography and time.

Choropleth maps are easy to produce and provide a simple geographical view of the data, however they can be misleading when comparing neighbourhoods that vary widely in population count or geographical size. HELP map packages also include a map of EDI student counts and a map of permanently inhabited areas to aid in the interpretation of vulnerability rates.

3

represents 100 children belowfive years of age (i.e. Stikine hasa child population of approx. 100)

4

CArtoGrAM MAPs

Cartogram maps show an alternative view of data and geography which balances the representation of geographical shape and location along with population size. Cartograms are often used to minimize the visual over-emphasis of very large areas with relatively small populations. The cartogram above sizes school districts by their child population.

Nanaimo

GulfIslands

Saanich

VancouverIslandWest

CampbellRiver

Alberni

Vancouver IslandNorth

Sooke

GreaterVictoria

Courtenay

Qualicum

Ladysmith

Cowichan450

401594

485

285788

377

189

23

128

42

1,225

78

202

LakeCowichan

45

100

1025

99/00 to 06/07

Number of Children

Mobility from Vancouverto Other School

Districts

5

DorLInG CArtoGrAMs

FLow MAPs

Like a regular cartogram, the Dorling cartogram uses colour and size to show two data variables. Instead of resizing areas themselves to represent population size, the Dorling cartogram replaces a geographic shape with a symbol, often a circle which is placed in relative location on the map. The circle size aids in the interpretation of rates when the geographic units have large variations in population.

Flow maps show movement from one location to another such as migration, cash flows or travel patterns. In addition to indicating what is moving, a flow map also shows the direction and magnitude of flow. In the example above, the flow map is overlaid on a cartogram map of the Province which skews geographic size and distance for the benefit of representing population size and easier placement of the flow lines.

GooGLE EArtH oVErLAys

Google Earth overlays are an easy way to map neighbourhood names, boundaries and EDI results on top of wayfinding information such as roads and satellite imagery. The map is stored as a KMZ file which can be shared and viewed by anyone who has downloaded the free Google Earth software.

6

File Edit View History Bookmarks Tools

Google

Done

maps/earlylearning.ubc.ca/

Help

IntErACtIVE EDI MAP

An interactive atlas was designed so users can quickly view EDI and socioeconomic data. It allows users to explore the data and generate custom views that they can share via bookmarks.

>> www.map.earlylearning.ubc.ca

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8

ECUMEnE MAPs

The population ecumene refers to areas that are permanently inhabited. This GIS data layer integrates several variables including census population, road network density, land elevation and slope, and classified satellite imagery. HELP developed this visualization approach because researchers and community groups wanted to know where people live within neighbourhoods - especially in largely unpopulated rural areas.

CHoroPLEtH DAsyMEtrIC

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DAsyMEtrIC MAPs

Using the population ecumene we can produce dasymetric maps. Dasymetric maps are similar to choropleth maps however they show the data only where it is meaningful - where people actually live. Dasymetric maps portray a more accurate representation of data such as EDI results, because they do not overemphasize the visual importance of very large rural neighbourhood areas.

Black Creek/Merville

South Valley/Islands

WestCourtenay

Comox West

Valleyview

ComoxSouth

Courtenay

Cumberland/Arden

Lazo

Glacierview/Vanier

Black Creek/Merville

South Valley/Islands

WestCourtenay

Comox West

Valleyview

ComoxSouth

Courtenay

Cumberland/Arden

Lazo

Glacierview/Vanier

C o m o xH a r b o u r

Percent vulnerableon each EDI scale

Starplot

Social

Physical

Communication

5

1020

30Emotional

Language

50

How to Read the Starplot:Each scale of the EDI is represented by a triangle. Larger triangles represent higher vulnerability & smaller triangles represent lower vulnerability for each scale of the EDI.

Starplot Map

2008 - 2009 EDI

CC

Notes:The total EDI population for the School District is 485 and 2 neighbourhoods are suppressed as there are fewer than 35 children.

Source: EDI 2008-2009 Human Early Learning Partnership.

- August 2009

Comox ValleySchool District 71

0 - 16.3

17.6 - 22.8

22.9 - 27.5

27.6 - 33.8

33.9 - 60.0

Percent Vulnerable

BC SD71

School District Starplots

Percent vulnerableon each EDI scale

Starplot

Social

Physical

Communication

5

1020

30Emotional

Language

50

How to Read the Starplot:Each scale of the EDI is represented by a triangle. Larger triangles represent higher vulnerability & smaller triangles represent lower vulnerability for each scale of the EDI.

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stArPLot syMBoLs

Starplot maps have become a staple in the EDI map package because they are a concise summary of all the EDI scales. Each triangle represents one of the five EDI scales, while the size of the triangle represents the rate of vulnerability. For example, a larger triangle represents higher vulnerability. Looking at the map one can compare vulnerability on different scales within a neighbourhood and between neighbourhoods.

Okanagan - Similkameen

Okanagan - Skaha

Kootenay - Columbia

Boundary

Central Okanagan

Nicola - Similkameen

Southeast Kootenay

Vernon

Arrow Lakes

Kootenay Lake

Gold Trail

North Okanagan - Shuswap

Revelstoke

Rocky Mountain

Kamloops / Thompson

Cariboo - Chilcotin


Okanagan - Skaha

Kootenay - Columbia

Boundary

Central Okanagan


Southeast Kootenay

Vernon

Arrow Lakes

Kootenay Lake

Gold Trail


Revelstoke

Rocky Mountain

Kamloops / Thompson

Cariboo - Chilcotin

EDI VulnerabilityThrough Time

EDI VulnerabilityThrough Time

1 2 3 41 2 3 4WavesWaves


Okanagan - Skaha

Kootenay - Columbia

Boundary

Central Okanagan


Southeast Kootenay

Vernon

Arrow Lakes

Kootenay Lake

Gold Trail


Revelstoke

Rocky Mountain

Kamloops / Thompson

Cariboo - Chilcotin


Okanagan - Skaha

Kootenay - Columbia

Boundary

Central Okanagan


Southeast Kootenay

Vernon

Arrow Lakes

Kootenay Lake

Gold Trail


Revelstoke

Rocky Mountain

Kamloops / Thompson

Cariboo - Chilcotin

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BAr CHArt syMBoLs

Comparing four waves of data on one map in a meaningful way is a difficult task, but bar chart maps can achieve this. This map uses the height and colour of the bars to show the relative vulnerability for each school district across ten years of data, providing insight into local changes and geographic patterns within an entire region.

UniversityLands

WestPoint Grey Kitsilano Mount Pleasant

StrathconaGrandview -Woodlands Hastings -

Sunrise

Renfrew -CollingwoodKensington -

Cedar CottageRileyPark

SouthCambie

ShaughnessyArbutus - Ridge

Dunbar -Southlands

Kerrisdale

Oakridge

Sunset Victoria -Fraserview

Killarney

Fairview

Marpole

Vancouver -Downtown

West End

UniversityLands


StrathconaGrandview -Woodlands Hastings -

Sunrise

Renfrew -CollingwoodKensington -

Cedar CottageRileyPark

SouthCambie

ShaughnessyArbutus - Ridge

Dunbar -Southlands

Kerrisdale

Oakridge


Killarney

Fairview

Marpole

Vancouver -Downtown

West End

MDI Well-Being Index(2010)

Low

Medium/High

VeryHigh

50100

250

# of Students

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PIE CHArt syMBoLs

Using pie charts as map symbols is a way to visualize geographic patterns for percentage data. Pie charts show the relative percentage of classes within a given variable, and can be sized to represent a second variable such as population. For additional complexity these symbols can be overlaid on a third variable represented by a traditional choropleth map.

Presence of Assets and Socio-Economic StatusPresence of Assets and Socio-Economic Status

UniversityLands


StrathconaGrandview -Woodlands

Hastings - Sunrise

Renfrew -Collingwood

Kensington -Cedar CottageRiley

ParkSouth

CambieShaughnessyArbutus -

RidgeDunbar -

Southlands

Kerrisdale

Oakridge


Killarney

Fairview

Marpole

Vancouver -Downtown

West End

UniversityLands


StrathconaGrandview -Woodlands

Hastings - Sunrise

Renfrew -Collingwood

Kensington -Cedar CottageRiley

ParkSouth

CambieShaughnessyArbutus -

RidgeDunbar -

Southlands

Kerrisdale

Oakridge


Killarney

Fairview

Marpole

Vancouver -Downtown

West End

Types of Assets

Adult Relationships

After SchoolActivities

PeerRelationships

Nutrition and Sleep

Presence

Highest

Average

Lowest

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CUstoM syMBoLs

Representing multiple variables on one map without visual clutter or confusion can be solved with custom symbols. The example above maps data about social capital within neighbourhoods, represented by the presence of different kinds of assets. To visualize this dataset, our team developed a custom puzzle piece symbol that represents the four types of assets, placed against a choropleth map of socioeconomic status.

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Wave 1 Wave 2 Wave 3 Wave 4

PER

CEN

T V

ULN

ERA

BLE

School District 40 - New Westminster

PhysicalEmotional

SocialLang. & Cog.

Communication1+ Scales

1+ Scales - Excluding Communication Scale

W4W3W2W1

W4W3W2W1

W4W3W2W1

W4W3W2W1

W4W3W2W1

W4W3W2W1

Physical Health and Well-Being Scale

Social Competence Scale

Languageand Cognitive Development Scale

Emotional Maturity Scale

Communication Skills and General Knowledge Scale

One or More Scales

Neighbourhoods in School District 40 - New Westminster

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LInE CHArts

BAr CHArts

Sometimes the best way to show trends in data is not on a map. Line charts such as this one are a simple and effective way to see how different types of vulnerability are changing in a school district or neighbourhood over time.

There are many ways to employ bar charts when visualizing data. In this multi-bar, multi-wave, multi-scale example, one can look at any scale for a particular school district and see the relative number of neighbourhoods that fall into each vulnerability colour class (red = high vulnerability, green = low vulnerability), and how that distribution has changed over time.

0.0

16.3

22.8

27.5

33.8

60.0

Wave 1Wave 2Wave 3Wave 4

School District 35 - Langley

Langley City North

Aldergrove

Milner - H

opingt on

Langley City South

Rural South Langley

Fernridge

Brookswood

Willoughby

Fort Langley

Walnut G

rove E ast

Walnut G

rove West

Murrayville

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1

1

1

11

1

1 11

1

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

22

2

3

3

3

333 3

3 3

3

33

4

44 4

44 4 4 4

4

4

4

1234

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HIGH-Low PLots

This data visual provides another way to show how vulnerability rates have changed over time within neighbourhoods or school districts. The four waves of EDI scores for each neighbourhood are plotted on the ‘percent vulnerable’ axis. Upward, downward and stable trends can be identified, as well as percent change which does not follow any trend over time.

Rossland/Warfield 51 44 45 41 3.9 6.8 2.3 0.0 7.8 9.1 4.5 0.0 10.4 20.5 0.0 0.0 9.8 6.8 0.0 0.0 7.8 9.1 2.3 0.0 23.5 27.3 8.9 0.0Trail 46 40 42 45 13.0 10.0 9.5 2.2 15.2 12.5 14.6 11.1 6.8 12.5 2.4 2.2 13.3 10.3 17.1 4.4 10.9 12.5 7.1 8.9 26.1 25.0 26.2 20.0Robson/Thrums 55 56 52 35 3.6 8.9 5.8 11.4 1.8 3.6 1.9 5.7 7.3 8.9 11.5 8.6 1.8 1.8 1.9 5.7 5.6 7.1 3.8 5.7 14.5 17.9 17.3 20.0Castlegar 87 77 88 97 3.4 6.5 2.3 7.5 5.7 7.8 4.5 10.3 3.4 10.4 10.2 11.5 4.7 6.5 5.7 7.2 5.8 3.9 1.1 15.6 8.0 19.5 15.9 25.8Beaver Valley 49 50 43 41 8.2 8.0 2.3 4.9 14.3 8.0 11.6 31.7 8.2 6.1 7.0 19.5 0.0 4.0 7.0 4.9 8.2 6.0 7.0 2.4 20.4 18.0 14.0 39.0

Arrow Lakes 39 79 40 51 10.3 6.3 2.6 5.9 17.9 12.7 5.0 7.8 10.3 12.7 7.5 11.8 15.4 11.4 2.5 17.6 17.9 15.2 0.0 3.9 25.6 19.0 10.0 25.5

Kootenay Lake 120 184 105 49 4.2 8.2 8.6 0.0 8.3 7.1 7.7 10.2 5.3 8.8 12.4 6.1 3.3 5.4 9.5 4.1 2.5 4.4 7.6 8.2 13.3 19.6 23.8 16.3Creston 294 248 163 83 7.5 11.3 9.8 4.8 5.4 11.3 11.7 10.8 10.0 18.1 21.5 19.3 7.8 10.6 12.3 7.2 5.8 9.3 13.5 13.3 19.7 33.1 30.7 22.9Nelson 171 225 145 82 12.3 10.7 6.9 9.8 10.5 7.1 5.5 4.9 10.7 11.7 11.8 17.1 3.5 6.2 6.9 7.3 6.4 5.8 7.6 3.7 22.2 20.0 19.3 23.2Slocan - Thrums 130 166 68 43 6.2 6.0 13.2 9.3 10.0 6.0 9.0 14.0 7.8 6.1 16.2 16.3 3.8 7.3 2.9 11.6 6.2 4.8 5.9 2.3 20.8 16.3 27.9 32.6Salmo 44 76 49 25 11.4 11.8 10.2 15.9 6.6 20.4 9.1 14.5 24.5 9.1 5.3 8.2 4.5 6.6 8.2 27.3 21.1 32.7

W1 W2 W3 W4 W1 W2 W3 W4 W1 W2 W3 W4 W1 W2 W3 W4 W1 W2 W3 W4 W1 W2 W3 W4 W1 W2 W3 W4SD 20

SD 10 W1 W2 W3 W4 W1 W2 W3 W4 W1 W2 W3 W4 W1 W2 W3 W4 W1 W2 W3 W4 W1 W2 W3 W4 W1 W2 W3 W4

SD 8 W1 W2 W3 W4 W1 W2 W3 W4 W1 W2 W3 W4 W1 W2 W3 W4 W1 W2 W3 W4 W1 W2 W3 W4 W1 W2 W3 W4EDI Count

Physical Health& Well-Being

SocialCompetence

EmotionalMaturity

Language &Cognitive Dev.

CommunicationSkills

Vuln. on Oneor More Scales

EDI Data TableSD 8, 10 & 20 West Kootenay

Source:2000-2010 EDI (Human Early Learning Partnership)W1 - Wave 1 (2000-2004), W2 - Wave 2 (2004-2007), W3 - Wave 3 (2007-2009), W4 - Wave 4, Year One (2009-2010)

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EDI DAtA tABLEs

Data tables can be overwhelming, but when organized, labeled and colour coded correctly, they not only serve as a detailed data reference but also highlight patterns and trends in the data. EDI data tables are included with every map package to show the precise rate of vulnerability in each neighbourhood and as a supplementary way to compare scores.

EDI DATA

How are EDI data geocoded and aggregated?

Individual Postal code Neighbourhood5

1

111

1 1

11

1

1

1 1 1

1

111

11

1

11

1

11

11

1

1

1

11

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

11

1

1

1 1

1

1 1

1

11

1

1

11

11

1

11

1 1

11

1

2

2

2

22

22

2

23

33

22

2

2

2

3

2

3

5

2

5

3

2

26

332

2

2

2

22

3

2

3

3

3

3

33

3

5

22

A

BC

D

2

note: fictitious data usedin this example.

Example 2: A Typical Urban Community

tyPEs oF CoMMUnItIEswHAt Is VULnErABILIty

GEoCoDInG EDI DAtA

Top 90% of W1 scores said to be not vulnerable

Bottom 10% of W1 scores setthe vulnerability cutoff

Vulnerability is defined by the distribution of EDI scores in Wave 1 of data collection

(2001/02 - 03/04)

17

ILLUstrAtIVE DIAGrAMs Sometimes images speak louder than words, or at least make words easier to understand. Complex ideas are often explained best with the help of diagrams.

Vancouver

Vancouver

Vancouver

West VancouverNorth Vancouver

CoquitlamMaple Ridge - Pitt Meadows

Langley

Surrey

Delta

Richmond

Burnaby

New West.



Langley

Surrey

Delta

Richmond

Burnaby



Langley

Surrey

Delta

Richmond

Burnaby

New West.

New West.

Victoria

Victoria

Victoria

stACkED LAyEr MAPs

We often want to compare maps - whether they represent unique variables or points in time - to identify differences or change. Research shows that humans are worse at comparing things they have seen in the past than at comparing things that are in their current field of view (Munzner, 2009). Stacked layer maps allow people to compare neighbourhoods across multiple variables or points in time, without having to test their memory or flip pages back and forth.

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CoMMUnIty AssEt MAPs

We have worked with several communities to develop inventories of various community resources available to children and their families. Whether assets have already been identified or if the exercise takes place as community workshop, the data that is collected can be turned into informative graphics or asset maps. These products can be shared with families or used to facilitate discussions about new programs and services.

19

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ABorIGInAL LAnGUAGE MAPPInGTo make our maps more relevant to First Nations Groups and their children, we have worked closely with HELP’s Aboriginal Steering Committee to delineate indigenous language family areas. We now utilize these pre-colonial boundaries to map custom EDI data along with community locations and assets.

21

roAD nEtwork AnALysIs

To classify areas along an Urban-Rural continuum, our team has constructed a Remoteness Index by calculating the driving distances from 1km grid points to services such as hospitals, dentists and schools across BC. In addition to measuring remoteness, we hope to extend this type of network analysis to a variety of other research questions.

5

5

70

70

72

57

78

74

68

MaipúMaipú

EstaciónCentralEstaciónCentral

La PintanaLa Pintana

La FloridaLa Florida

Puente AltoPuente Alto

R í o M a p o c h o

Notes

Source: EDI data provided by xxxx.Data processed by Lisa Chen. Spatial data modified and vectorized by Cristóbal Cahis. Total EDI count is 1046 for 2005 and 2340 for 2008.

Area displayed are provinces of Santiago andCordillera within Región Metropolitana.

Colour Classification based on Canadian EDI.

CC - HELP - April 2009

IntErnAtIonAL EDI MAPsHELP is a global knowledge hub in the field of early childhood research and has internationally recognized expertise in mapping the EDI. In addition to consulting on EDI mapping best practices, we have worked with partners in Chile to produce locally informed maps for two waves of data collection.

2008Vulnerable on One

or More ScalesPercent of Children Vulnerable

Santiago and Cordillera

RegiónMetropolitana

0 1 1 3 0

23.1

26.2

32.9

34.4

35.1

Puente AltoLa FloridaEstación CentralLa PintanaMaipú

2008

316

834

324

95

771

1000

500

100

EDI sample sizeCartogramSizes of circles are proportional to the number of children surveyed on the EDI. These circles are then shaded according to their values.

CanadaCanada

AustraliaAustralia

United StatesUnited States

MexicoMexico

ChileChile

IndonesiaIndonesia

KosovoKosovo

New ZealandNew Zealand

HollandHolland

JamaicaJamaica

MoldovaMoldova

EDI has been piloted or implemented

Considering or planning to use EDI

ChinaChina

BrazilBrazil

IranIran

EgyptEgypt

TurkeyTurkeySwedenSweden

MozambiqueMozambique

MadagascarMadagascar

EcuadorEcuador

KyrgyzstanKyrgyzstan

TajikistanTajikistan

BangladeshBangladesh

PhilippinesPhilippines

JordanJordan

GermanyGermany

TaiwanTaiwan

KenyaKenya

22

CanadaCanada

AustraliaAustralia

United StatesUnited States

MexicoMexico

ChileChile

IndonesiaIndonesia

KosovoKosovo

New ZealandNew Zealand

HollandHolland

JamaicaJamaica

MoldovaMoldova

EDI has been piloted or implemented

Considering or planning to use EDI

ChinaChina

BrazilBrazil

IranIran

EgyptEgypt

TurkeyTurkeySwedenSweden

MozambiqueMozambique

MadagascarMadagascar

EcuadorEcuador

KyrgyzstanKyrgyzstan

TajikistanTajikistan

BangladeshBangladesh

PhilippinesPhilippines

JordanJordan

GermanyGermany

TaiwanTaiwan

KenyaKenya

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