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ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS

DEPARTMENTSENIOR PROJECT 2

FINAL MINI PRESENTATION

PROJECT TITLE: A PREPAID WATER CONTROLCIRCUIT SYSTEM FOR WATER

METERING

STUDENT NAME: LIBIN MATHEWADMISSION NO: EC-08 416

CLASS: S6 ECE

SUPERVISOR: MITHUN CA

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INTRODUCTION

A water meter is a device that is used to measure the volume ofwater usage.

A prepaid water control circuit system is a control mechanism that

allows water usage when there is a certain amount of prepaid units

in the control circuit system and terminates water usage when the

units are over.

In such a system, a customer purchases a separate prepaid credit

card with values of credit units encoded in it.

The units are loaded into the control circuit system which allows

water usage, when the units are over the control circuit system cutsoff water automatically until recharged with new units.

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PROBLEM STATEMENT

The current water metering system is postpaid.

Water authority sends its workers to customers locations to

read water meter units.

The system is time consuming to the DAWASCO workers.

The system does not give accountability to costumers.

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PROJECT OBJECTIVE

General objective

The general objective of this project is to design a prepaid

water control circuit system for water metering.

Specific objectivei. To design an electrically controlled valve that will be

used to open and close water flow to the customer.

ii. To design sensing system that will generate voltage

equivalent to the amount of water used by a customer.

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SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT

To reduce or eliminate the expenses of reading meters at

the customers locations.

To eliminate the bad habit of some customers who loadup their bill debts.

To eliminate the expenses incurred by the water authority

to cut meters of customers who fail to pay their bills for a

long time.

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METHODOLOGY

Reading different literatures relevant to this project.

Internet surfing for proper materials which will help to

accomplish the project.

Consulting the project supervisor, lecturers, qualifiedprofessionals, and some water customers.

Data collection

Designing the system.

Testing the system. Writing the project report.

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LITERATURE REVIEW

Explains about the literature behind the existing and

proposed system.

Also discusses their advantages and disadvantages.

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LITERATYRE REVIEW CONT

BLOCK DIAGRAM OF AN EXISTING SYSTEM

REGISTER

(READING

METER)

WATER

OUTLET

WATER

INLET

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LITERATURE REVIEW CONT

ADVANTAGES OF EXISTING SYSTEM

o It is cheap to install.

o Requires few components to install.

DISADVANTAGES OF EXISTING SYSTEM

Time consuming to the DAWASCO workers

It does not give accountability to costumers Some customers complain to be overcharged for small service.

Some customers load up their bills for a long time.

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LITERATURE REVIEW CONT

SENSOR MICROCONTROLLER

DISPLAY

VALVE

BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE PROPOSED SYSTEM

SWITCHING

CIRCUIT

KEYPAD

SOLARPOWERSUPPLY

FLOW OF WATER SUPPLY TO A CUSTOMER

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ADVANTAGES OF THE PROPOSED SYSTEM

The system will eliminate meter reading expenses

The corporation will be able to calculate its income because it

will have direct payments for its water supply.

The system will eliminate bad habits of some customers whoload up their bill debts.

The system will reduce or eliminate customers complains of

been overcharged.

The system will provide a great awareness to the customerswater consumption habits

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DATA COLLECTION

EXISTING SYSTEM

Types of water meter used by

DAWASCO

Mult-jet

Max flow rate 8000 litres/hour

Min. flow rate 100 litres/hour

Body length 165mm

Height 125mm

Width 100mm

Mass 475-480gram

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DATA COLLECTION CONT

A list of some few customers bills complaints.

S/N Customer

name

A/N Meter No Area Office

ReportedMisreading Actual

reading

1 Juliana Mtui A1243501 35145518 Ilala 520 402

2 Mohamed

Habib

90001910 28349182 Ilala 195 155

3 Mary Masaro A126201 35114473 Ilala 1876 1409

4 Val Nallav Th 12304201 34145450 Ilala 674 631

5 Majput C. M 13104161 35106036 Ilala 150 97

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DATA COLLECTION CONT

PROPOSED SYSTEM

Technical specification of the tachogenerator sensor

Model 8931Speed Sensor /

Tachometer

Direction of Rotation CW and ACW

Speed Ranges 0 to 2500 r/min and 0 to 7500 r/min

Output Voltage 5V

Input Voltage 15 V DC

Speed Sensor Output Sensitivity

Impedance

500 r/min / V

Less than 15 k

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DATA COLLECTION

Technical specification of the tachometer sensor

Model 8920Digital Tachometer

Direction of Rotation CW and ACW

Speed Range 0.05% + 1 digit

Power four 1.5-V AA cells

Display 5 digits

Physical Characteristics Dimensions

(H xW x D)

80 x 250 x 120 mm

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DATA COLLECTION

General 2x6 Matrix keypad specification

2x6 Columns and Rows

Contact Rating 60mA, 5Vdc

Operating temperature -40C to +70C

Storage temperature -45C to + 75C

Operating environment 100% Relative Humidity

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DATA COLLECTION

General 4x4 Matrix keypad specification

4x4 Columns and Rows

Contact rating 20mA,24VDC

Contact resistance 200 ohm max

Operating Temperature -20C to +60C

Storage Temperature -40C to +65C

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DATA COLLECTION CONT

General 3x4 Matrix keypad specification

3x4 Columns and Rows

Contact Rating 20mA, 5Vdc

Max resistance 200

Life 1000000 cycles per day

Operating temperature -20C to +60C

Storage Temperature -40C to +65C

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DATA COLLECTION CONT

PIC 16F87X data sheet specifications

Key Features PIC16F873 PIC16F874 PIC16F876 PIC16F877

Operating

Frequency

DC - 20

MHz

DC - 20

MHz

DC - 20

MHz

DC - 20 MHz

FLASH Program

Memory (14-bit

words)

4K 4K 8K 8K

EEPROM Data

Memory

128 128 256 256

I/O Ports Ports A,B,C PortsA,B,C,D,E

Ports A,B,C Ports

A,B,C,D,E

Interrupts 13 14 13 14

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DATA COLLECTION CONT

Technical specification of the solenoid valve

Size -1 inches

Material BrassVoltage 5V12V

Working Pressure 6000kPa

Actuator 90

Rotational direction Double Acting

Power 5W max

D S l I i f

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DATA ANALYSIS

Introduction

This involves selection of the components and

either the reasons for the selection of a given

particular component or the calculations

leading to the selection of the particular

component that will eventually be incorporated

in building the complete circuit.

D S l I i f

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DATA ANALYSIS

SENSOR

Tachogenerator sensor will be used. It has:

Speed Ranges of 0 to 2500 r/min and 0 to 7500 r/min

Output Voltage is 5V which does not need to be

amplified in order to be compatible with the PIC

Good sensitivity of to 500 r/min / V

D S l I i f

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Dar es Salaam Institute of

Technology DATA ANALYSIS

SUPPLIERS PIPE FLOW RATE

Where:-

A = cross sectional area of the inner diameter (m2).

V = water flow velocity (m/sec)

But,

Where:-

r = radius of the pipe(m)

Therefore,

The existing diameter of the pipe = 2in = 6.5cm

VAQ

2rA

VrQ 2

D S l I tit t f

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Dar es Salaam Institute of

TechnologyTHE DAWASCO INLET PIPE DATA ANALYSIS

Assuming that DAWASCO will constantly supply water

system for 24hours. Thus, the average volume flow rate in

DAWASCO inlet pipe,

Therefore the velocity of water in the DAWASCO pipe

is

Where:- Q = volume flow rate (m3/min)

r = radius of a pipe = 0.065m

A = cross section area of a pipe(m2)

min)/(2m

r

Q

A

QV

min/042.06024

60 3mTime

VolumeQ

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Dar es Salaam Institute of

TechnologyPIPE DATA ANALYSIS

Therefore velocity,

sec/21.0min/65.12

2

065.0

042.0

2mmV

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DATA ANALYSIS...

KEYPAD

3x4 matrix keypad will be used in this project.

It is more convenient than 4x4 because it iseasy to use, also it is easy to interface with the

PIC.

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DATA ANALYSIS ...

KEYPAD PIN CONNECTION

Wire Color Description Pins

Green Data 0 Pin 1

- not used Pin 2

Red Keypad Power Pin 3

Black Keypad Ground Pin 4

- not used Pin 5

Brown LCD Pin 6

White Data 1 Pin 7

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DATA ANALYSIS

DISPLAY

The display that will be used in this project is a LCD

LM020L which has the following parameters

Power supply is +5V

Number of characters is 16character x 1line

Effective display area is (64.5width x 13.8 height)mm

Character size (5x7 dots) is (3.07width x5.73height)mm

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DATA ANALYSIS

MICROCONTROLLER

From the PIC 16F87X data sheet, PIC 16F877 is

the best choice since it has a memory large

enough to store large data. It has an inbuilt

ADC, and it has many I/O ports.

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Technology DATA ANALYSIS

Relay analysis

The d.c. resistance is 200 ohm ,its related voltage is 12V thenthe collector current

Selecting transistor BC 108, Si,with Icmax=500mA ,Vcemax=45V

From the data sheet hfe=beta=240

Ptotal=0.5, gain=240 ,Ic=I=88.9ma

mAR

VCurrentlay 60

200

12Re

mAB

IcIb 37.0

240

9.88

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Dar es Salaam Institute of

TechnologyRelay cont.

The Vout is 5V

Vbc = 0.65V

Therefore R is 10k

K

mA

V

Ib

VbcVR 756.11

37.0

)65.05(1

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Dar es Salaam Institute of

TechnologyRELAY CIRCUIT DIAGRAM BEFORE SIMULATION

RL112VD1

DIODE

R1

10k

B15V

Q1BC108

D1(K) RL1(NO)

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Dar es Salaam Institute of

TechnologyRELAY CIRCUIT SIMULATION RESULTS

Dar es Salaam Institute of

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Dar es Salaam Institute of

TechnologyPOWER SUPPLY CIRCUIT BEFORE SIMULATION

VI1

VO3

GND

2

U27805

C110u

B112V

R110kC2

100nF

+88.8

Volts

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Dar es Salaam Institute of

TechnologyPOWER SUPPLY CIRCUIT SIMULATION RESULTS

Dar es Salaam Institute of

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Dar es Salaam Institute of

TechnologyTHE COMPLETE CIRCUIT DIAGRAM BEFORE SIMULATION

RA0/AN02

RA1/AN13

RA2/AN2/VREF-4

RA4/T0CKI6

RA5/AN4/SS7

RE0/AN5/RD8

RE1/AN6/WR9

RE2/AN7/CS10

OSC1/CLKIN13

OSC2/CLKOUT14

RC1/T1OSI/CCP216

RC2/CCP117

RC3/SCK/SCL18

RD0/PSP019

RD1/PSP120

RB7/PGD40

RB6/PGC39

RB538

RB437

RB3/PGM36

RB235

RB134

RB0/INT33

RD7/PSP730

RD6/PSP629

RD5/PSP528

RD4/PSP427

RD3/PSP322

RD2/PSP221

RC7/RX/DT26

RC6/TX/CK25RC5/SDO24

RC4/SDI/SDA23

RA3/AN3/VREF+5

RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI15

MCLR/Vpp/THV1

U1

PIC16F877

X1CRYSTAL D

7

14

D6

13

D5

12

D4

11

D3

10

D2

9

D1

8

D0

7

E

6

RW

5

RS

4

VSS

1

VDD

2

VEE

3

LCD1

LM020L

1 2 3

4 5 6

7 8 9

0 #

1 2 3

A

B

C

D

R510k

R610k

R710k

sensor

C1

10p

C2

10p

50%

RV11k

Q1BC108

R9

10k

RL112V

D1DIODE

VI1

VO3

GND

2

U27805

B112V

C310u

C41nF

R110k

B212V

B312V

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Dar es Salaam Institute of

TechnologyCIRCUIT SIMULATION BEFORE ENTERING NUMBER

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Dar es Salaam Institute of

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CONCLUSION

The project has successfully taken an initial idea

of designing a prepaid water control circuit

system for water metering.

The project considered the possibility of having

a credit card with loaded data, however, there

is a failure in incorporating such credit card in

the system and the project ended only at circuitdesigning.

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RECOMENDATION

The circuit can be improved in the future designto include the security information such as aunique identical serial control circuit number

intended to be used only for a given particularcontrol circuit.

During implementation, the control circuitshould be well protected from externaldamages. It should be installed in a housingand at least one meter from the ground.

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THANK

YOU

FORLISTENING.