A Presentation on a Report on Water is Essential Source According to Environment

7/18/2019 A Presentation on a Report on Water is Essential Source According to Environment

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A Water is aEssential Source



Water is Most Important Source

•

Water resources are becoming increasingly importantbecause of current and potential future impacts ofclimate change.

•Increasing population growth and economic

development . As a result of these dynamic changes,many countries around the world face serious problemswith their water supplies.

•Climate change is driven by variations in precipitation

and temperature, which can impact stream ow, run!o"and groundwater, all leading to alteration of thehydrological cycle.



What Is Water #uality$

•Water is essential to human life and the health of the

environment. As a valuable natural resource.

•has two dimensions that are closely lin&ed'(uantity and (uality. Water (uality is commonlyde)ned by its physical, chemical, biological andaesthetic *appearance and smell+ characteristics.•Water (uality in a body of water inuences the way inwhich communities use the water for activities such asdrin&ing, swimming or commercial purposes. Morespeci)cally, the water may be used by the communityfor'

supplying drin&ing waterrecreation *swimming, boating+irrigating crops and watering stoc& industrial processesnavigation and shippingproduction of edible )sh, shell)sh and crustaceansprotection of a(uatic ecosystems



Why is Water #uality Important$

•ur water resources are of ma-or environmental, socialand economic value to SW* orth South Wales isAustralian state+ , and if water (uality becomes degradedthis resource will lose its value.

•Water (uality is important not only to protect public

health' water provides ecosystem habitats, is used forfarming, )shing and mining, and contributes torecreation and tourism.

•

If water (uality is not maintained, it is not -ust theenvironment that will su"er ! the commercial andrecreational value of our water resources will alsodiminish.



What A"ects /he #uality of ur Water$

•Water (uality is closely lin&ed to the surroundingenvironment and land use. ther than in its vapor form,water is never pure and is a"ected by community usessuch as agriculture, urban and industrial use, andrecreation.

•/he modi)cation of natural stream ows by dams andweirs can also a"ect water (uality.

•/he weather, too, can have a ma-or impact on water(uality, particularly in a dry country li&e Australiawhich is periodically a"ected by droughts.



•0roundwater is a ma-or source of water in

SW* northsouth west an Australian state+.

•

with reserves estimated to be 122 times more thanthe water in dams. 0roundwater is an integral partof our water supply.

•

Although data on groundwater (uality is limited, itis clear that, li&e other bodies of water,groundwater close to urban or industrialdevelopment is vulnerable to contamination



3ow 4oes Water #uality A"ect A(uaticEcosystems$

•

An ecosystem is a community of organisms ! plants,animals, fungi and bacteria ! interacting with one anotherand the environment in which they live. 5rotectinga(uatic ecosystems is in many ways as important asmaintaining water (uality, for the following reasons.

•A(uatic ecosystems are an integral part of ourenvironment. /hey need to be maintained if theenvironment is to continue to support people. Worldconservation strategies stress the importance ofmaintaining healthy ecosystems and genetic diversity.

•A(uatic ecosystems play an important role inmaintaining water (uality and are a valuable indicatorof water (uality and the suitability of the water forother uses.



•A(uatic ecosystems are valuable resources.A(uatic life is a ma-or source of protein for

humans. In most countries, including Australia,commercial and sport )shing is economicallyimportant.



Water Stewardship

•6reshwater is fundamental to all life. orthwest/erritories *W/+ waters are essential for ecosystems,and for the people living in those ecosystems.

•the rivers, la&es, streams, cree&s, ponds, deltas, and

wetlands7and even water under the ground7are animportant part of our lives, and traditional Aboriginalculture.



•We all have the responsibility to ma&e sure our useof the land and water does not harm the water anda(uatic ecosystems on which people, plants andanimals depend. We call this responsibility 8waterstewardship9.

•/hrough water stewardshipand partnerships, we can all

wor& together to ma&e surethe waters of the World remainclean, abundant andproductive for all time.



:ivestoc& a ma-or threat to environment

•6ood and Agriculture rgani;ation, the livestoc& sectorgenerates more greenhouse gas emissions as measured inC1 e(uivalent 7 <= percent 7 than transport. It is also ama-or source of land and water degradation.

•With increased prosperity, people are consumingmore meat and dairy products every year. 0lobal meatproduction is pro-ected to more than double from 11>

million tonnes in <>>>?122< to @B million tones in12B2, while mil& output is set to climb from B=2 to<2@ million tones.



:ong shadow

•/he global livestoc& sector is growing faster than any

other agricultural sub!sector. It provides livelihoods toabout <. billion people and contributes about @2percent to global agricultural output. 6or many poorfarmers in developing countries livestoc& are also asource of renewable energy for draft and an essential

source of organic fertili;er for their crops.•Dut such rapid growth eacts a steep environmentalprice, according to the 6A report, Livestock’s LongShadow –Environmental Issues and Options. 8/heenvironmental costs per unit of livestoc& production

must be cut by one half, -ust to avoid the level ofdamage worsening beyond its present level.



•it warns.When emissions from land use and land use change

are included, the livestoc& sector accounts for >percent of C1 deriving from human!relatedactivities, but produces a much larger share of evenmore harmful greenhouse gases. It generates Bpercent of human!related nitrous oide, which has1> times the 0lobal Warming 5otential *0W5+ ofC1. Most of this comes from manure.

•And it accounts for respectively F percent of allhuman!induced methane *1 times as warming as

C1+, which is largely produced by the digestivesystem of ruminants, and @ percent of ammonia,which contributes signi)cantly to acid rain.



0lobal 3ydrology and Water Gesources

•/he need to develop more sustainable practices for themanagement and eHcient use of water resources, as

well as the need to protect the environmentalecosystems.

•where these resources are located, has led to

fundamental shifts in awareness and public concernover the past decade.

•3owever, despite increased awareness of theissues at sta&e, economic criteria and politically

charged reasoning are still driving water resourcedevelopment decisions at most local, regional,national and international levels.



/he driving forces and pressures on ourwater resources

•/he combination of both naturally occurring conditions

and humanitys actions creates pressure on our waterresources. Climate change and natural variability in thedistribution and occurrence of water are the naturaldriving forces that complicate the sustainabledevelopment of our water resources. Some of the main

driving forces a"ecting water resources include'•population growth, particularly in water!shortregions•ma-or demographic changes as people move fromrural to urban environments

•higher demands for food security and socio!economic well!being•increased competition between users and usages•pollution from industrial, municipal and agriculturalsources.



Climate Impacts on Water Gesources

•Water resources are important to both society andecosystems.

•We depend on a reliable, clean supply of drin&ing

water to sustain our health. We also need water foragriculture, energy production, navigation,recreation, and manufacturing.

•Many of these uses put pressure on waterresources, stresses that are li&ely to be

eacerbated by climate change. In many areas,climate change is li&ely to increase waterdemand while shrin&ing water supplies.



Water Pollution

•/he companion of moderni;ation has always beenpollution. In developing countries that are -ust entering

the industrial age, water pollution presents a seriousproblem.



9. /he JE5 * Jnited ation Environmental 5rogram+

also reports that <.1 billion people are being a"ectedby polluted water, and that dirty water contributes to<B million child deaths every year. In recent years,scientists have become aware of the problemsinvolved with the contamination of

groundwater. A(uifers move very slowly, so oncethey are polluted it ta&es decades or centuries forthem to cleanse themselves.

•6ood production contributes signi)cantly to watercontamination. When nitrogen fertili;er is applied

to a )eld, the water runo" will contain ecessamounts of nitrates. itrates have been shown tohave a very harmful e"ect on plant and animallife, can cause miscarriages.



:and and water

•At the same time herds cause wide!scale landdegradation, with about 12 percent of pasturesconsidered as degraded through overgra;ing,compaction and erosion.

•/his )gure is even higher in the dry lands whereinappropriate policies and inade(uate livestoc&management contribute to advancing deserti)cation.

•

/he livestoc& business is among the mostdamaging sectors to the earths increasingly scarcewater resources, contributing among other thingsto water pollution, euthropication and thedegeneration of coral reefs.



Gemedies

•/he report, which was produced with the supportof the multi!institutional :ivestoc&, Environmentand 4evelopment *:EA4+ Initiative, proposeseplicitly to consider these environmental costs

and suggests a number of ways of remedying thesituation, including'

•:and degradation 7 controlling access andremoving obstacles to mobility on common

pastures. Jse of soil conservation methods andsilvopastoralism, together with controlledlivestoc& eclusion from sensitive areasKpayment schemes for environmental services inlivestoc&!based land use to help reduce and

reverse land degradation.



•Atmosphere and climate 7 increasing the eHciencyof livestoc& production and feed crop agriculture.Improving animals diets to reduce enteric

fermentation and conse(uent methane emissions,and setting up biogas plant initiatives to recyclemanure.

•Water 7 improving the eHciency of irrigation

systems. Introducing full!cost pricing for watertogether with taes to discourage large!scalelivestoc& concentration close to cities.



Thank you

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A Presentation on a Report on Water is Essential Source According to Environment

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