A QUICK GUIDE TO:
• EFFECTIVE WEB SEARCHING.
• SUCCESSFUL SITE EVALUATION.
EFFECTIVE WEB STRATEGIES: KEY WORDS.
• WWW.
• WEB BROWSER.
• SEARCH ENGINE.
• SUBJECT DIRECTORY.
• URL.
• BOOLEAN OPERATORS.
WHAT IS THE WWW?
• Millions of pages of information.
• Includes text, graphics, photographs, sound and video.
• Hypertexts: texts with links to pages at other sites elsewhere on the Web.
• Web browsers give access to it.
WHAT IS A WEB BROWSER?
• A Web browser is a computer program that allows you to view pages on the World Wide Web.
The two most common browsers are:
• Netscape.
• Internet Explorer
NETSCAPE
INTERNET EXPLORER
HOW DO YOU GET ACCESS TO WEB PAGES?
SERVER MACHINERUNNING A WEB
SERVER
YOUR MACHINE RUNNING A WEB BROWSER
THE SERVER SENDS BACK THE REQUESTED
PAGE
YOUR BROWSER CONNECTS TO
THE SERVER AND REQUESTS A PAGE
SPECIAL WEB
PAGES THAT
HELP YOU FIND
MATERIAL .
HOW?
Just type a search
word or phrase into the
search box and the
search engine will:• Search its own
database.• Return results
presented in order of relevance
WHAT ARE SEARCH ENGINES?
HOW DOES A SEARCH ENGINE WORK?
• It uses robots or “spiders” to search the web and build its database.
• The database consists of indexed documents.
• Your query is checked against the search engine keyword index.
• The best matches are displayed on screen as hits.
Search engine’s database
index
Spider or Robot
Every word on the page
or some words on the
page
Finds new pages or changed
information on a page
Internet
Search Engine’s Server
LAUNCHES
VISITS
CRAWLS
LOCATES
RETURNS
PRODUCES
SEARCHES
RECEIVES
How does a search engine work?
User(Page created by Kathleen Schrock)
SEARCH ENGINES: YAHOOSEARCH ENGINES: YAHOO
Try it out at: Http://www.yahoo.com
WHAT ARE SUBJECT DIRECTORIES?
• SPECIAL WEB PAGES WHERE INFORMATION IS CATEGORIZED BY SUBJECT.
HOW?
• Each main topic has a list of subtopics.
• Humans, not robots, are responsible for cataloguing directories material.
• Best used when searching for broad topics .
Main topic
Subtopics
Directory’s searchable
index
Internet
Directory’s Server
VISITS
PRODUCES
SEARCHES
RECEIVES
Directory Employee
EVALUATES
ADDS and “CATALOGS”
Directory’s browsable categories
BROWSES
How does a directory
work?
User(Page created by Kathleen Schrock)
WHAT IS A URL?
URL: Uniform Resource Locator:
• The address of any resource on the Internet that is part of the WWW.
Ex 1: http://www.itisvinci.com
Ex 2: http://www.itisvinci.com/~calancaEx 3: http://www.itisvinci.com/users/ calanca/ public_html
HOW TO INTERPRET A URL
http://www.itisvinci.com/~calanca
Hyper TextTransfer Protocol(A WWW page)
Server name(the name of the machine,
where the information is located)
Top level Domain.It specifies what type
of site it is.The site has a directory
called Calanca.
The tilde sign (~) indicates personal directories of individuals
WHAT DOES IT MEAN IF A URL ENDS IN THE
FOLLOWING?• .com• .net• .mil• .gov• .edu• .ac• .org• .it .uk .us .ca
• company• network• military• government• educational• academic• non-profit organization• country codes
http://www.itisvinci.com/users/calanca/ public_html
DirectoriesHome page
Search engine results often take you deep withinweb sites. Do you want to know where you are?
DELETE DIRECTORY NAMES AND PRESS THE RETURN KEY.
WHAT ARE BOOLEAN OPERATORS?
Special logical tools that allow you to:
• Broaden your search.
• Narrow your search.
The most commonly used are:
AND, OR ,NOT
Not all search engine allow their
use to refine your search.
DO YOU WANT TO NARROW YOUR SEARCH?
Boolean AND
Education AND Policy
You want both terms to appear in the documents.This way you exclude irrelevant hits.
DO YOU WANT TO BROADEN YOUR SEARCH?
Boolean OR
OREducation Policy, GB UK
You want at least one of the terms to appear in the documents.
DO YOU WANT TO EXCLUDE A TERM?
Boolean NOT
Nirvana AND Buddhism NOT Cobain
This way you can exclude irrelevant hits.
Good queries = good results
Poor queries = poor results
Allow yourself enough time to formulate your query.The more precise your query, the fewer
documents to review.
HOW CAN YOU IMPROVE YOUR QUERY?
• Use nouns as keywords.
• Don’t include articles, pronouns conjunctions or prepositions.
• Use enough keywords (up to 7 or 8 of them)
• Make a list of synonyms.
• Use wildcards *.
• Be aware of capitalization.
• Use phrases within quotes.
• Be aware of spaces within words.
• Use nouns as keywords, avoid modifiers (adj., adv. etc..)
• Don’t include articles, pronouns conjunctions or prepositions.
• Use enough keywords (up to 7 or 8 of them).
• Make a list of synonyms.
Nouns are precise terms that correspond to concrete objects,
while modifiers can easily be substituted in descriptions.
They are NOT considered by search engines.
Key in enough words to describe exactly what you’re
searching.
Use synonyms to refine your search.
• Use wildcards *.
• If you want to broaden your search, then use wildcards.
The asterisk * allows you to search for several words with the same root at a time. EX:
ASSISTANT
ASSIST* ASSISTANTS
ASSISTANCE
• Be aware of capitalization.
Use lower cases, unless you
are searching for proper names. Ex:
If you search for the word
you’ll find documents containing : heart, Heart, HEART.
BUTIf you search for
you’ll only come out with documents
containing the word “Heart” in capital
letter.
heart search
Heart search
• Use phrases within quotes.
Write phrases within quotes every time
you search for documents containing
all the words in your query in the exact
order you wrote them.
Ex:
you’ll find documents containing the
words you typed into your search box.
“Successful Web Search Strategies” search
• Be aware of spaces within words.
Watch out for spaces between
words.
In the case of:
the use of additional spaces between
words would cause the search for the
right document to fail.
“Successful Web Search Strategies” search
DO YOU WANT TO KNOW MORE?
TRY OUT FOLLOWING LINKS:
http://completeplanet.com/Tutorials/Search/index.asphttp://school.discovery.com/schrockguide/ppoint.htm
END OF PART 1
PART TWO
SUCCESSFUL SITE EVALUATION
SUCCESSFUL SITE EVALUATION
SUCCESSFUL WEB SITE EVALUATION
Have you ever considered that:
• Not all of the information on the World Wide Web is accurate
• Not all websites are good.
HOW CAN WE FIND GOODWEBSITES?
• WHO is the author? (is he an expert, can we recognize him/her as such?)
• HOW is the information given? (objective, biased, fact or opinion?)
• WHERE does the site information come from? (primary or secondary info?)
• WHEN was the site created? Is it updated?
• WHY was it created? Is the aim clear?
THE FIVE DEAR OLD QUESTIONS
LIST OF QUALITY CRITERIA FOR WEB INFORMATION
• AIM
• ACCURACY
• AUTHORITY
• CURRENCY
• DEPTH
• DESIGN
• REGULARITUY OF UPDATE
AIM
• Are the aims of the site/page clearly stated?
• Does the site/page achieve its aims?
• Are there any hidden aims (product promotion, indoctrination)?
ACCURACY
LANGUAGE ACCURACY
• Are there any spelling mistakes?
• Are there any grammar mistakes?
CONTENT ACCURACY
• Has the content been reviewed by a third party?
• Are there any references and bibliographies?
• Check the URLDoes the URL contain the following?
.edu
.org.ac
.gov
The information is more likely to be correct.
• Can you contact the author?Is there an e-mail address/
contact address/phone number?
If you have any doubts
contact him.
AUTHORITY
• Who is the author?
• Is he/she an expert?
• What institution has published the material on the Web?
• Check the URL domain
http://www.icbl.hw.ac.uk/ltdi/ltdi-pub.htm#VCStudies
Imagine you used a search engine to find information about “videoconferencing”.
You decide to try out this address.
University
(Where?)In the United Kingdom
(What Institution?)Heriot-Watt University
Learning Technology Dissemination Initiative
(A Project by Heriot-WattUniversity)
CURRENCY
• When was the page/site created?
• Is this stated or not?
• Is the material regularly updated?
• Are there any dead links on the page/site?
Beware of outdated material!!
DEPTH
• Does the site provide exhaustive coverage of the topic you searched for?
• Does it claim to be comprehensive and turns out to be very poor, instead?
DESIGN part 1
• The speed of download
• The ease of navigation
• Does the page/site download quite fast?
• Are there too many images/frames that cause download to be too slow?
• Is the resource organized in order to be browsed easily?
• Are there buttons helping navigation? (i.e. back, forward, home).
• Is there a site map?
REGULARITY OF UPDATE
• Is the site updated at regular intervals?
• Can you see that it is?
• Are the links regularly updated?
• How many dead links are on the page/site?
• The colour scheme
• Compatibility
DESIGN part 2
• Have colours been well used?
• Is the page /site easy to read?
(yellow characters on a red background are probably better to be avoided)
• Does the page/site require specific software to be accessed?
• Is the resource material recognized by all browsers?
DO YOU WANT TO KNOW MORE?
Try out this address:http://www.sosig.ac.uk/desire/internet-detective.html
An interesting, interactive tutorial to become
an Internet Detective
BIBLIOGRAPHY 1
• Web Searching
• Tutorial: Guide to Effective Searching of the Internet: http://completeplanet.com/Tutorials/Search/index.asp
• ICT4LT Module 1.5 Introduction to the Internet: http://www.ICT4LT.org
• "Successful Web Searching Strategies”:
http://school.discovery.com/schrockguide/ppoint.html
• "A helpful Guide to Web Search Engines”: http://www.monash.com/spidap4.html
BIBLIOGRAPHY 2
• "Search Engine Math”:
http://searchenginewatch.com/facts/math.html
• "Exploiting Internet resources Off-Line" (Graham Davies):
http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/GrahamDavies1/
gdghent.htm
• "Web Skills for Language Learning" (Charlie Mansfield & Tom McNeill):
http://www.well.ac.uk/wellproj/wellbook.htm
Bibliography 3
Web Sites Evaluation
• "Evaluating Websites”
http://servercc.oakton.edu/~wittman/find/eval.htm
• "The ABCs of Web Site Evaluation” http://school.discovery.com/schrockguide/ppoint.html
• "Where are the good Web Pages?" (David Eastment) http://www.eastment.com/eval.html
• "ICT4LT Project:Evaluation Form"
http://www.ICT4LT.org
• How to search the web:" Internet Detective"
http://www.sosig.ac.uk/desire/internet-detective.html
THE END