A Research Project on Mobile

7/31/2019 A Research Project on Mobile

1/27

A Research Project

A Critical study of E-waste with reference to Mobile in

Pune City

Under the Guidance of:

Mrs. Vaibhavri Pandit ,

SIOM

Submitted By

GROUP NO: 10

Shray Atray (02)

Pankaj Gupta (14)

Navin Kanjwani (20)

Niket Naik (33)

MCA-II DIV-A

SINHGAD INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT,

VADGAON (BK), PUNE-41.

2010-2011


2/27

Sinhagad Institute of Management, Vadgaon(Bk),Pune-41.

Certificate

This is to certify that Mr. Pankaj Gupta, Mr. Navin Kanjwani , Mr.Nikrt

Naik , Mr. Shray Atray the students MCA-II (A) has satisfactory completed the

project course in RESEARCH METHODOLOGY entitled Study of Mobile E-

Watse

During the Academic year 2010-11 as per the requirement of the University of

Pune.

Dr.V.D.Nandavadekar

(Director)

Prof.Mrs.Vidya Gavekar

(Project Guide)

Place:Pune.

Date: 21/11/2011


3/27

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This project could not have taken place without the extraordinary engagement and

helpfulness of many people. First, we would like to express our heartiest gratitude to our

respected Director Sir, Dr. V. D Nandavadekar for giving us the opportunity to do a research

project which has increased our knowledge and creative thinking towards the social research and

made us imbibe all the aspects of theory into this project.

Secondly, Our deep and sincere thanks go to our respected Research guide

Mrs. Vaibhavri Pandit SIOM ,for her continuous encouragement and for lending an ear to us

at anytime showing the willingness to solve any problem at any time in order to support a

successful project.

Furthermore, our heartiest gratitude extends to our research Coordinator Prof. (Mrs.)Vidhya Gavekar for keeping us grounded and motivated, as well as for encouraging our

methodological and academic skills during the entire project and for her background

information.

By:

DATE: 1st Nov, 2010 TEAM-10

MCA-II (A), 2011-12.


4/27

CHAPTER-I: INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND TO THE PROBLEM

The electronic industry is the worlds largest and fastest growing manufacturing industry

(Radha, 2002; DIT, 2003). During the last decade, it has assumed the role of providing a forcefulleverage to the socio - economic and technological growth of a developing society.

The consequence of its consumer oriented growth combined with rapid product

obsolescence and technological advances are a new environmental challenge - the growing

menace of Electronics Waste or e waste that consists of obsolete electronic devices. It is an

emerging problem as well as a business opportunity of increasing significance, given the

volumes of e-waste being generated and the content of both toxic and valuable materials in them.

The fraction including iron, copper, aluminium, gold and other metals in e-waste is over 60%,

while plastics account for about 30% and the hazardous pollutants comprise only about 2.70%

(Widmer et al., 2005).

The first comprehensive study to estimate the annual generation of e-waste in India was

done by the National WEEE Taskforce. So far the preliminary estimates suggest that total WEEE

generation in India is approximately 1, 46,000 tonnes per year.

According to the findings of the study,Almost 50% of the Mobiles sold in India are products from the secondary market and are re-

assembled on old components. The remaining market share is covered by multinational

manufacturers (30%) and Indian brands (22%) [Source: annual report 2003, MAIT]


5/27

STATISTICS TILL THE END OF 2009

CITY E-WASTE GENERATED

MUMBAI 11,017

DELHI 9,730

BANGALORE 4,648

CHENNAI 4,132

KOLKATTA 4,025

AHMEDABAD 3,287

HYDERABAD 2,833

PUNE 2,584

SURAT 1,836

NAGPUR 1,645

Table: 1.1 Figures are in Tonnes

Source: TOXIC LINK, 2006

The challenges of managing e-waste in India are very different from those in other

countries, developed or developing. While there can be several shared lessons, the complexity

of the e-waste issue in India, given its vast geographical and cultural diversity and economic

disparities, makes WEEE management challenges in India quite unique. A few of these are:

Rapidly increasing e-waste volumes, both domestically generated as well asthrough imports. Imports are often disguised as second-hand mobile donations

towards bridging the digital divide or simply as metal scrap.

No accurate estimates of the quantity of e-waste generated and recycled. Low level of awareness amongst manufacturers and consumers of the hazards of

incorrect e-waste disposal.

Widespread e-waste recycling in the informal sector using rudimentary techniquessuch as acid leaching and open air burning resulting in severe environmental

damage

E-waste workers have little or no knowledge of toxins in e-waste and are exposedto serious health hazards.

Inefficient recycling processes result in substantial losses of material value Cherry-picking by recyclers who recover precious metals and improperly

dispose of the rest.


6/27


7/27

THEORETICAL CONCEPT OF PROBLEM

The Electronic waste guidelines, April 2008, defines mobile e-waste as the waste

generated from used mobile and related electronic devices which are not fit for their original

intended use. Mobile e-waste is classified as hazardous because it contains many toxic

ingredients and heavy metals like lead, cadmium, mercury with potential to pollute theenvironment and damage ones health when processed, recycled or disposed off.

Electrical and electronic equipment are made up of a multitude of components, some

containing toxic substances which can have an adverse impact on human health and the

environment if not handled properly. Often, these hazards arise due to the improper recycling

and disposal processes used.

For example, Liquid Crystal Device(LCD) have high content of carcinogens such as lead,

barium, phosphor and other heavy metals. When disposed carefully in a controlled environment,

they do not pose any serious health or environmental risk. However, breaking, recycling ordisposing LCDs in an uncontrolled environment without the necessary safety precautions can

result in harmful side effects for the workers and release toxins into the soil, air and groundwater.

Another dangerous process is the recycling of components containing hazardous

compounds such as halogenated chlorides and bromides used as flame-retardants in plastics,

which form persistent dioxins and furans on combustion at low temperatures (600-800C)

Copper, which is present in printed circuit boards and cables, acts a catalyst for dioxin formation

when flame-retardants are incinerated. The PVC sheathing of wires is highly corrosive when

burnt and also induces the formation of dioxins. A study on burning printed wiring boards in

India showed alarming concentrations of dioxins in the surroundings of open burning placesreaching 30 times the Swiss guidance level.

Land filling e-waste, one of the most widely used methods of disposal, is prone to

hazards because of leach ate which often contains heavy water resources. Even state-of-the-art

landfills which are sealed to the long-term. Older landfill sites and uncontrolled dumps pose a

much greater danger of releasing hazardous emissions. Mercury, Cadmium and Lead are among

the most toxic leach ate. Mercury, for example, will leach when certain electronic devices such

as circuit breakers are destroyed.

Lead has been found to leach from broken lead-containing glass, such as the cone glass of

LCD Screens. When brominated flame retarded plastics or plastics containing cadmium are land

filled, both PBDE and cadmium may leach into soil and groundwater. In addition, landfills are

also prone to uncontrolled fires which can release toxic fumes.


8/27

SCOPE OF STUDY

Pune Metropolitan Region is the study area limits for this Research project. This areaincludes Pune city as well as its surrounding semi-urban areas like Pimpri-Chinchwad,Hinjewadi, Magarpatta, Yevlewadi, etc.

The Mobiles are the main Electronics goods under our study. The study tried to tracethese components from its Origin to its final end of life. For example, from the source

where the Mobiles are imported, unloaded, traded, transported, Dismantled,

recycled, reused, repaired, processed and disposed.


9/27

Need and importance of the study

As the use of mobile is increasing day by day and new technology based mobiles

are coming in the market, people are shifting over them and buying them in a very rapid rate then

what about the old mobile phones that they have.

So there is a need to study what people are doing with their old mobile phones whether

they are still using them as an alternative or they have put it in the list of E-Wastes.

As E-Waste of different products has become a very big issue in global

market there is a need to study the total amount of E-Waste generated in Pune city as its a very

big city and large number of students are there. Students are buying mobile phones most

frequently and they are not using the old mobile phones that change into E-Waste very early so

need to know the E-Waste generated by the students.

This study will be important for the organizations who are recycling and

collecting E-Waste as they will come to know how much E-Waste is generated on daily basis

and who are the people those are generating it in large quantity.

This study will make people aware about the E-Waste that they are generating on daily

basis so that they can come to know about the bad effects of the e-waste on their health.

This study will help the government health department to take a

corrective action in this regard so that the people can become more healthy. It will also help them

in recycling or dumping the E-Waste of mobiles.

The mobile

phone manufactures will also come to know about what they have to do in this regard so that the

amount of e-waste generated by mobile phones can be eliminated.


10/27

CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW

I) Nokia Survey Uncovers Cell Phone Recycling Gap, July 14, 2008.

http://www.eponline.com/articles/65273

Nokia global consumer survey reveals that 44% of old mobile phones are lying in drawers athome and not being recycled. Find out from our latest survey why only 3% of people recycle

their mobile phones globally.

"With the absence of a proper recycle and reuse program, about 8,000 tonnes of toxic cell

phone components are estimated to be dumped in landfills by 2012. The resulting

contamination will have far reaching consequences for the environment and all living beings,"

Deloitte Consulting India Regional Managing Director ParagSaigaonkar said.

The problem begins when retired handsets end up in landfill sites or if they are dumped illegally,

leading to toxic substances seeping into the groundwater, making disposal of old cells a problem

for the world, the report revealed.

"As India is one of the fastest growing markets in the world in terms of mobile phonesubscribers, we need to be more aware of the threat, which these gadgets pose to the environment

and strict government guidelines should be created to deal with it," Saigaonkar added.

The Deloitte report stated that mobile phone waste globally is expected to grow at a compoundedannual growth rate (CAGR) ofabout nine per cent between 2008 and 2012, with more than

80 per cent of the cell phone waste being hazardous.

"Indian policymakers should also provide regulations in terms of curbing pollution of mobile

phone waste and mandatory recycling of cell phones should be brought in to manage theburgeoning problem," Saigaonkar said.

The main contributors to cell phone waste are those who upgrade and replace their handsets

regularly.

About 65 per cent of subscribers in Asia, Europe and the Americas replace their cell phones atleast once in two years. This means every 2 years, about 100 million cell phones reach landfills if

they are not recycled or reused, it added

II)

Delhi assessment report

The base of191 households was surveyed for mobile phone disposal. The average age of

mobile phone is 2.2 years which is the least in comparison to television and computers , The

reasons for disposing mobiles are technological problem (39%), latest trends (30%) and

upgraded features (14%).
http://www.eponline.com/articles/65273http://www.eponline.com/articles/65273http://www.nokia.com/A4136001?newsid=1234291http://www.nokia.com/A4136001?newsid=1234291http://www.eponline.com/articles/65273


11/27

8th Aug

Mobile phones have a lifecycle of less than two years in developed coun-tries.674 million

mobile phones were sold worldwide in 2004 - 30 per centmore than in 2003.

The use of mobile phones has

grown rapidly in recent decades. According to a news report released by the UN Environment

Programme (UNEP) and the Secretariat of the Basel Convention, the use of mobile phones has

grown exponentially, from the first few users in the 1970s, to 1.76 billion in 2004, and

morethan 3 billion in April 2008.11 Worldwide sales of mobile phones reached 294.3

million units in the first quarter of 2008, a 13.6 per cent increase over the first quarter of

2007, according to Gartner, Inc.

The mobile phone market in the Asia-Pacific region is also growing more rapidly than ever

before. Gartner further estimates that in the first quarter of2008, 114.4 million mobile devices

were sold in the Asia-Pacific, which represented a 26.6 per cent increase over the first quarter

of 2007. 17

According to the latest IDC Asia/Pacific Quarterly Mobile Phone Tracker, mobile phone

shipments in the Asia/Pacific excluding Japan (APEJ) region in 2007 hit 366 million units, an

18 per cent increase from 2006. Shipments are further projected to exceed 400 million units in

2008, representing a 10 per cent year-on-year increase.18

Because of the fast growing and changing technology in the mobile phone sector, the volume of

waste generated as discarded mobile phones could grow in multiple proportions in the comingyears. People would aspire to upgrade their mobile phones more frequently than ever before. In a

survey of 20,000 consumers worldwide, a GMIPoll found that owning the latest mobile was

particularly important in 20 of the worlds top economies, including the USA, the UK, China,

Russia and India, with 63 per cent saying they upgrade their mobile more frequently than

any other technology.

User awareness about recycling

However, user awareness about the safe recycling of mobile phone wastes is very low. In the

absence of a sufficiently high degree of public awareness about the potential health hazards and

environmental implications of waste mobile phones, it is impossible to design and implement

programmes for its safe management and disposal. According to a global consumer survey

released by Nokia, the awareness is lowest in India, at 17 per cent, and Indonesia, at 29 per cent,

and highest in the UK, at 80 per cent, in Finland and Sweden, at 66 per cent. Only three per cent

of people recycle their mobile phones, despite the fact that most have old devices lying around at

home that they no longer want.


12/27

III) The e-waste problem, Greenpeace.

http://www.greenpeace.org/china/en/campaigns/toxics/e-waste/the-e-waste-problem

The volume of electrical and electronic wastes (E-waste) has been rapidly growing

in recent years and forms a major component of the municipal solid waste stream.

Discarded and end-of-life mobile phones are fast becoming major components of

the growing volume of e-waste. Therefore e-wastes are a major concern for environmental policy

makers, scientists and technologists.

The use of mobile phones has grown rapidly in recent decades. 674 million mobile phones were

sold worldwide in 2004 - 30 per cent more than in 2003.

IV)Mobile phone disposal discussed at UN hazardous waste meeting inBali, 23

June 2008. http://www.un.org/apps/news story.asp? NewsID=27121 & Cr=waste

& Cr1= management

According to a news report released by the UN Environment Programme (UNEP) and the

Secretariat of the Basel Convention, the use of mobile phones has grown exponentially, from the

first few users in the 1970s, to 1.76 billion in 2004, and more than 3 billion in April 2008.

V)Gartner Says Worldwide Mobile Phone Sales Increased 14 Per Cent in First Quarter of

2008, Gartner, May 28, 2008.http://www.gartner.com/it/page.jsp?id=680207 published in

its 2008

worldwide sales of mobile phones reached 294.3 million units in the first quarter of 2008, a 13.6

per cent increase over the first quarter of 2007.

VI) World survey reveals extent of mobile phone waste problem, 15/05/2005

http://www.therecycler. com/viewarticle.asp?article=732.

Mobile phones have a lifecycle of less than two years in developed countries. In a survey of

20,000 consumers worldwide, a GMIPoll found that owning the latest mobile was particularly

important in 20 of the worlds top economies, including the USA, the UK, China, Russia and

India, with 63 per cent saying they upgrade their mobile more frequently than any other

technology.

VII)TRAI website (http://www.trai.gov.in)Indian mobile handset market has touched revenues of Rs. 21,434 crores in the year 2006-07.

The mobile handset sales in India, including new users and replacements, has increased by 26%

to 9.3 crores (93 million) units in 2007.5

Due to the less awareness about e-waste among the common man .the

volume of it is increasing day by day.
http://www.greenpeace.org/china/en/campaigns/toxics/e-waste/the-e-waste-problemhttp://www.greenpeace.org/china/en/campaigns/toxics/e-waste/the-e-waste-problemhttp://d/SPSSInc/.%20http:/www.un.org/apps/news%20story.asp%3f%20NewsID=27121%20&%20Cr=waste%20&%20Cr1=%20managementhttp://d/SPSSInc/.%20http:/www.un.org/apps/news%20story.asp%3f%20NewsID=27121%20&%20Cr=waste%20&%20Cr1=%20managementhttp://d/SPSSInc/.%20http:/www.un.org/apps/news%20story.asp%3f%20NewsID=27121%20&%20Cr=waste%20&%20Cr1=%20managementhttp://www.gartner.com/it/page.jsp?id=680207http://www.gartner.com/it/page.jsp?id=680207http://www.trai.gov.in/http://www.trai.gov.in/http://www.gartner.com/it/page.jsp?id=680207http://d/SPSSInc/.%20http:/www.un.org/apps/news%20story.asp%3f%20NewsID=27121%20&%20Cr=waste%20&%20Cr1=%20managementhttp://d/SPSSInc/.%20http:/www.un.org/apps/news%20story.asp%3f%20NewsID=27121%20&%20Cr=waste%20&%20Cr1=%20managementhttp://www.greenpeace.org/china/en/campaigns/toxics/e-waste/the-e-waste-problem


13/27

It was found that in Case of Mobile phones, almost all the components of a handset gets reused

by repairs and refurbishments, leading to negligible quantities reaching landfill or recycling

stage. Major reason for the reuse of mobile phone components has as high as 34% duty on

imports of components.

VIII)Kurian Joseph Electronic Waste Management in IndiaIssues and Strategies ,

2007.

In the latest report by the Deloitte an estimated 8000 tonnes of mobile phone e-waste will be

generated by the year 2012.

The Deloitte report stated that mobile phone waste globally is expected to grow at a compounded

annual growth rate (CAGR) of about nine per cent between 2008 and 2012, with more than 80

per cent of the cell phone waste being hazardous.

The public awareness on e-wastes and the willingness of the public to pay fore-waste management as assessed during the study based on an organized questionnaire revealed

that about 50% of the public are aware of environmental and health impacts of the electronic

items. The willingness of public to pay for e-waste management ranges 3.4 % to 5 % for the

mobile phones.

IX) Mobile Disposal wrong or right way , P. U. Sinha, (2006)http://www.grid.unep.ch/product/publication

The Article gives Guideline to the domestic user of the mobile about disposal of mobile

What are the right way and what are the wrong ways?. According to the Environment Protection

and Heritage Council, 15.7 million mobiles reached end-of-life in Australia in 2007/2008, of

this 15.7 million, only 1.5 million were recycled, thats less than 10%.

Some are being stored awaiting proper disposal but the sad reality is the vast majority

have more than likely ended up in landfill, where their toxic components such as mercury and

lead, are left to leach into the surrounding environment and groundwater.

Due to a massive lack of awareness about the hazardous toxins in mobiles many people

simply throw their old mobile out with their household rubbish, which of course means it will

inevitably end up in landfill.

This is the WRONG way to dispose of mobiles. Others think theyre doing a good deed

by selling or giving their used, but still working, mobiles to companies that export them to

developing nations for future use. This in fact just transports the electronic waste issue to

communities that cannot afford, or simply do not have the means, to dispose of the mobiles
http://www.grid.unep.ch/product/publicationhttp://www.grid.unep.ch/product/publicationhttp://www.grid.unep.ch/product/publication


14/27

properly. Tragically this results in many men, women and children being exposed to harmful

toxins

X)Environmental Impact Assessment due to Mobile Waste, SinhaKhetriwal, , 2005

http://ewasteguide.info/files/Sinha-Khetriwal_2005_EIAR.pdf

The growth in MOBILES ownership per capita in India between 1993 and 2000 was

604% compared to average world of 181%. As a result, the total MOBILES base during this

period has grown from an estimated 450,000 to 4,200,000 Mobiles.

A report by New Delhi based NGO, Toxic Link, on Mobile Waste, estimated that in India

business and individual households make approximately 1.38 million personal mobiles obsolete

every year. In addition to post-mobile e-waste, there is also a large quantity of e-waste from

manufacturing in the form of defective printed wiring boards, IC chips and other components,

discarded in the production process where consumers pay a recycling fee, in India it is the waste

collectors who pay consumers a positive price for their obsolete appliances.

Fieldwork during an Empa pilot study in the New Delhi indicated that the entire industry

is based on a network existing among collectors, traders and volume of e-waste has grown, a

noticeable degree of specializations has emerged, with some waste processes focusing on e-

waste.

There is a need for more quantitative measures in the area of e-waste recycling. That

could provide a basis for modeling different interventions and for fine tuning their effects.

XI), Dept of Community Medicine, Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College and Hospital, E-Waste

hazard: The impending challenge, Violet N. Pinto 2007.

http://medind.nic.in/iay/t08/i2/iayt08i2p65.pdf

Electronic waste or e-waste is one of the rapidly growing problems of India. E-waste

comprises of a multitude of components, some containing toxic substances that can have an

adverse impact on human health and the environment not handled property.

In India, e-waste management assumes greater significance not only due to the generation

of its own e-waste but also because of the dumping of e-waste from developed countries. This is

coupled with Indias lack of appropriate infrastructure and procedures for its disposal and

recycling.

This review articles provides a concise overview of Indias current e-waste scenario,

namely magnitude of the problem, environment and health hazards, current disposal and

recycling operations, existing legal framework organizations working on this issue and

recommendations for action. This article states that India is among the most sought after

destination for vendors of electronic products. As the country races ahead to buy personal
http://ewasteguide.info/files/Sinha-Khetriwal_2005_EIAR.pdfhttp://medind.nic.in/iay/t08/i2/iayt08i2p65.pdfhttp://medind.nic.in/iay/t08/i2/iayt08i2p65.pdfhttp://medind.nic.in/iay/t08/i2/iayt08i2p65.pdfhttp://medind.nic.in/iay/t08/i2/iayt08i2p65.pdfhttp://medind.nic.in/iay/t08/i2/iayt08i2p65.pdfhttp://ewasteguide.info/files/Sinha-Khetriwal_2005_EIAR.pdf


15/27

mobiles, mobiles, etc, an emerging concern is the accumulating electronic waste. It states that

India generates around Rs 6,750 crores of e-waste annually

XII)i) Envocare (2001). Mobile Phone Recycling at www.envocare.co.uk accessed on 28th

August 2005ii)Ramachandra T.V and Saira V. K. (2004). Environmentally sound options for waste

management, Envis Journal of Human Settlements, March 2004.

iii)Trick J. (2002). A mobile is not just for Christmas, Tuesday, 24th

December 2002, http://news.bbc.co.uk accessed on 19th

August 2005.

Landfilling of e wastes can lead to the leaching of lead into the

ground water. If the CRT is crushed and burned, it emits toxic fumes into the air (Ramachandra and

Saira, 2004). These products contain several rechargeable battery types, all of which contain toxic

substances that can contaminate the environment when burned in incinerators or disposed of in

landfills. The cadmium from one mobile phone battery is enough to pollute 600 m3 of water (Trick,

2002). The quantity of cadmium in landfill sites is significant, and considerable toxic contamination is

caused by the inevitable medium and long-term effects of cadmium leaking into the surrounding soil

(Envocare, 2001). Because plastics are highly flammable, the printed wiring board and housings of

electronic products contain brominated flame retardants, a number of which are clearly damaging to

human health and the environment.


16/27

CHAPTER III: RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

STATEMENTOF THE PROBLEM:

A Critical study of E-waste with reference to mobile in Pune city

OBJECTIVES OF THE RESEARCH

1) To study the current scenario and changing trends in Mobile E-waste in Pune city.2) To study the Impacts of mobile E-waste on human health and Environment of Pune city.3) To study the awareness about mobile E-waste among people.4) To study the recycling ways and methods of Mobile E-waste.

RESEARCH HYPOTHESES

H01: Level of awareness about mobile E-waste among pune citizens is low.

H02:People consider the latest model Mobile phone while purchasing a new mobile.

H03: There is a lack of formal Recycling industry for Mobile E-waste in pune city.


17/27

SAMPLING DESIGN

1) POPULATION:Approximately, there are 20 Lakhs citizens in Pune City using mobiles for the last 4-

5 years having mobiles.

2) SAMPLING UNIT AND SAMPLING FRAME:It consists of individual Citizens using mobile for the last 3-4 .

SAMPLE SIZE:

The whole population of Pune city is divided into five homogenous strata.

1) Individuals and Households2) Formal and informal Recyclers

Out of total population of citizens,

Total individuals selected= 187 out of 20 Lakhs

formal and informal recyclers= 2

3) SAMPLING METHOD:Descriptive (Cross-Sectional):

Purposive Sampling.


18/27

Simple Random Sampling (SRS) is done with individuals and households, and

recyclers..

By using this design, we are collecting data at single point of time and with this

we are checking the awareness regarding mobile E-waste and find the best management

and disposal practices for Mobile E-waste.

SOURCE AND METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION

In order to fulfill our objectives, we are collecting data through both PRIMARY and

SECONDARY sources.

1) Sources of primary Data collection:Questionnaire:

1) Individuals and Households2) Formal and Informal Recyclers

2) Sources of secondary Data collection:Secondary data are collected from the past research-work done by various people in the

field of E-waste and pollution control viz..

1) Research articles2) Magazines3) T.V News and Newspaper articles4) Environment based books5) Periodicals6) Internet , etc


19/27

METHODS OF DATA ANALYSIS AND STATISTICAL TECHNIQUES

STATISTICAL PACKAGE FOR SOCIAL SCIENCES (SPSS 16.0) is used for the

interpretation and analysis of the collected data in the study. We have used descriptive sub-menu

in the Analyze menu to find the frequencies and graphs of the different variables and responses.

a. It provides a powerful Statistical Analysis & Data Management System in a graphical

environment.

b. Most user-friendly Statistical package.

In SPSS we have used:-

1. Descriptive Statistics2. Frequency Analysis.3. Graph Builder4. Selection

LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

1) The scope of our study is restricted to Pune city only, andOnly one aspect of e-waste, i.e. MOBILEs, is studied


20/27

CHAPTER IV: DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND

INTERPRETATION

This chapter deals with the information collected from the individuals and organizationsand analyze it in the context of the hypothesis framed for the purpose of research. Apart from the

testing of hypothesis, this information is also useful for collecting significant findings which

provide useful guidelines for suggestion and recommendations.

TESTING OF HYPOTHESIS:

H01: Level of awareness about mobile E-waste among pune citizens is low.

Table No. 1.2: level of awareness among citizens in Pune city

Frequency Percent Valid

Percent

Comulative

Percent

Unaware 71 37.96 37.96 37.96

Only brief understanding 84 44.91 44.91 82.87

Good Understanding 32 17.13 17.13 100

Total 187 100 100


21/27

Graph No. 1.1

Interpretation:

According to Graph No.1.1, 38% of individuals and households are completely unaware

of mobile E-waste and its consequences. Around 45% just knows what is e-waste not its

consequences.

Thus, the Null Hypothesis H01 stating that level of awareness about mobile E-waste

among Pune citizens is very low is ACCEPTED.

38%

45%

17%

Level Of Awarenwss Among Pune City

Unaware Only brief understanding Good Understanding


22/27

HYPOTHESIS H02: People consider the latest model Mobile phone while purchasing a new

mobile

Table No. 1.3: Considerations while disposal of mobiles

Frequency Percentage Validpercentage

CombinePercentage

To Keep up with latest trends 67 35.82 35.82 29

More features available at a less

price

43 22.99 22.99 19

Got Bored 40 21.39 21.39 18

Technical problem 55 29.41 29.41 24

Obsolete technology 22 11.76 11.76 10

Total 227 100

Graph No.1.2

Interpretation:

According to Graph No:1.2, Want of best exchange is the main consideration among

29% of the individuals and households while disposal of mobiles.

Thus, the Hypothesis H02, People consider the latest model Mobile phone while purchasing a

new mobile, is ACCEPTED

29%

19%18%

24%

10%

People consideration While Disposing

To Keep up with latest trends

More features available at a

less price

Got Bored

Technical problem

Obsolete technology


23/27

Table 1.4:- WE WILL TAKE ADDITIONAL PAIN TO DISPOSE IT IN ECO-FRIENDLY MANNER

Valid Frequency Percent Valid Percent

Strongly Disagree 15 8.02139 8.02139

Somewhat disagree 39 20.85561 20.85561Neutral 66 35.29412 35.29412

Somewhat Agree 47 25.13369 25.13369

Strongly Agree 20 10.69519 10.69519

Total 187 100 100

GRAPH NO: 1.3

According to Graph No:1.3, 10% of people strongly agreed to take additional pains to

dispose e-waste in eco-friendly manner.

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

StronglyDisagree

SomewhatDisagree

Neutral SomewhatAgree

Stronglyagree

Series1


24/27

Table 1.5:- We are even ready to accept a lower price for our old Mobiles if it is disposed in eco-

friendly manner.

Frequency Percent Valid Percent

Strongly Disagree 39 20.85561 20.85561Somewhat Disagree 28 14.97326 14.97326

Neutral 50 26.73797 26.73797

Somewhat Agree 51 27.27273 27.27273

Strongly agree 19 10.16043 10.16043

Total 187 100 100

Graph 1.4:-

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Strongly

Disagree

Somewhat

Disagree

Neutral Somewhat

Agree

Strongly

agree

Series1


25/27

Table 1.6:- We should get the best price for our Mobile; we are not worried about the method of

disposal.


Strongly Disagree 15 8.02139 8.02139Somewhat Disagree 43 22.99465 22.99465

Neutral 53 28.34225 28.34225

Somewhat Agree 49 26.20321 26.20321

Strongly Disagree 27 14.4385 14.4385

Total 187 100 100

Graph 1.5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Strongly

Disagree

Somewhat

Disagree

Neutral Somewhat

Agree

Strongly

Disagree

Series1


26/27

Table 1.7:- It should be convenient for us to dispose off the waste, no matter what is the method of

disposal.


Strongly disagree 26 13.90374 13.90374Somewhat Disagree 33 17.64706 17.64706

Neutral 60 32.08556 32.08556

Somewhat Agree 49 26.20321 26.20321

Strongly Agree 19 10.16043 10.16043

Total 187 100 100

Graph 1.6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Strongly

disagree

Somewhat

Disagree

Neutral Somewhat

Agree

Strongly

Agree

Series1


27/27

Date post:	05-Apr-2018
Category:	Documents
Upload:	navin-nanak-kanjwani
View:	218 times
Download:	0 times

A Research Project on Mobile

Documents