A Review of Research Works on Water Quality of the Lotic, Estuarine and Marine Environment in...

7/30/2019 A Review of Research Works on Water Quality of the Lotic, Estuarine and Marine Environment in Bangladesh (2002)

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APN 20 0 1 - XX: B(lnglad es h Chap, er

A REVIEW OF RESEARCH WORKS ONWATER QUALITY OF THE LOTlC , ESTUARINE

AND MARINE ENVIRONMENT IN BANGLADESH

NURUDD IN M A HM OOD

SAYEDUR R A H MA N C HOWDH URY

A B U SAYE ED M U H AMMA D S H AR IF

MOHAMMAD MUS L EM U DDI N

MOHAMMAD SAEED UL L A H

MD. HA S HIB U L IS L AM

INSTITUE OF MARINE SCIENCESUNIVERSITY OF CHITTAGONG

BANGLADESH

December 2002


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ABSTRACTThe activities of the Bangladesh chapler under the project APN 200 I-XX (A study of nutrients .sediment and carbon fluxes to the coastal zone in South Asia and their relationship to humanact ivities) , was started in July 2001 and will continue till June 2003. A group of workers of theInstitute o f Marine Sciences, Un iversity o f Chittagong have been participat ing in th is resea rchprogramme .

Ma ny workers conducted investigations to record phy sical, chemical and biological parameterso f rivers. estuaries. lagoons and neri t ic wa ters including nutrient s and carbon fl ux in differentpart s of the world. Most of the information ava ilable in Banglade sh says about water qualit iesother than m icronut rients with few exception s . Howeve r, the ex isting information is bei ngaggregated here to serve as a ready refe rence and to find the direction towards the researchablea reas in Bang ladesh context.

A lthoug h so me of past wo rks agg regated he re say about micronutrients in the study areas, bu tthose are not usefu l for material flux study especially in line with fitting the results to any fl ux ortran spo rt model. Data from those stud ies have been found un suitable for fitting into any ofLO ICZ recommended Box mode ls, because they were not intended to do so. Therefore in orderto bridge the gap, a gap-filling study was undertaken, it invo lved field wo rk, sample co llectionand subsequent analyses; bu t d uring the des ign stage of the present Meghna River-estuary studyprogramme a lso probab ly it was not kept in mind to fit our results into any of such models .However, to comp ly with the requirements , an attemp t has been made to fit the data into a s implebox model. Thus in the curre nt yea r (2002-2003), the Kamaphuli River -estuary has been chosenas an idea l s ite , and to reco rd data. Two other members of ou r de legation are go ing to present

res ul tsof

these i nvest igat ions in this Co lombo Workshop (9 -11

December 2002). Future studiesare expec ted to cover ot her estua ries o f ou r riverine country.


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INTRODUCTIONTh e activitie s of th e Ban g lade sh chapte r under the p rojec t A PN 200]XX (A stud y of nutrient s.se d imen t and carbon fluxes to the coa stal zone in Sout h Asia and their re la ti onsh ip to humanactivities) wa s sta rted in July 2001 and will co ntinue till June 2003. A g roup of workers ortheIn s titut e of Marine Scie nces. Unive rsity of Chiuagong have been panicipating in this researchprogramme.

Many wo rkers co nd ucted investigations to reco rd physica l. chemical and biologica l parametersof rivers. estua rie s. lagoons and neritic waters including nutrien ts and ca rbon flux in differentpa n s of th e world . Mo st of the information available in Banglade sh says abou t water qualitie sother than micronutricnt s with a few exception s. Howeve r. the existing informatio n are beingaggregated here to se rve as a ready refe rence and to find the direction towards the researc hableareas in the Bangladesh context.

RESEARCH WORKSCox's B AZAR R EG IO N

I. S tud y on wa te r qu a li ty an d commercial ic hth yo fa un a of th e Bakkhali riverestuary

M.M . Rashid ( /999). MS c. Thesis. /MS. Uniw l'sily ojChi llog oJlg. 89pp.

In vestiga ti ons were made during July 1998 th roug h June 1999. Samples were collected

monthly fro m three different stations of the Bakkhali river-es tuary (F ig ure I ) and thefollowing procedures were followed to record different parameters : ai r a nd wate rtemperature by using thermometers gradua ted in 0( , EC by a Cond uc ti v it y mete r (Range: 0-10.000 ~ - m h os / c m ) .secch i dep th by a Seechi disc. p H by a digita l pH meter (Phillips PW8409). sa linit y by Mo hr 's titration method (Strick land an d Parsons. 196 5), DO by modified(Azi de modification ) Winkler's method (AP H A. 1976). fo r othe r parameters (BOD . COD.CO 2 TD S. TSS, To tal Alkalinity, HCD ). ND3 -N. N H3-N) s tand ard procedures described inAPHA ( 1976) were followed.

Vari ations of wate r quality parameters found by the investigations have been de ta iled ou t inTable I.


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Ta ble I: Resul ts of nves tiga tion o n wa te r qualit y of h e Ba kkllali Ri pe r- es tuar y at thr ee s tati o ns ( Ju1199 8 - Ju n 1999)

Year. Month TempO(EC ~

Total& St. Salinity mhos NI'P mg! GPP mgl DO BOD COD CO, NO , PO,

, II 31.7 30.1 8.1 10.03 22 .7 431.34 539.43 3.2 2 .03 217 4.01 0583 0 . 171 120 211.07 2.37 320.2!! 110 .0.1I l I U 8

30 29 .7 7.4 14.9 12.2 3 411.59 599.87 3.89 1.18 185 1.32 0 .72 0.123 75 207.3 2. 17 25 1.93 9 3. 18~0.128 70 205.4 2.42 255 .79II 30. 1 29 .7 7 .9 7 .7 13.27 401.18 581.75 3.53 1.1 3 206 1.28 0.721 98.02~

II I 30.2 29.8 8 0 13 .28 407 .35 589.38 3.28 1.05 201 1.3 0.589 0. 125 63 203.9 2.3 5 285.13 101.871 29 :2 29 7 .' 15.58 12.3 I 730 .39 ! 38 1.34 4.3 1.01 166 2.13 0 .3 11 0. 13 [ 85 151.4 1.42 433 .6


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The high es t nutr ie nt concentrations were r eco rded in monsoon m o nth s and the lowe st in thedr y season. The causes of highest and lowest value of n utrien t in th e di sc harge arc du e toproper and improper dilu t ion of indu strial and municipal emuenlS and wastes.

Figu re I : Map o.f Ih e CO tlSf o f C hillu g fJfl g tlfIIl C o. x' s Ba zar re g iatl . ~ / / O w i t r g.!u d y lom/imts o.f I'ariou sr e.\eur ch w o r k . ~

IT'(j

Sam:twipIsland

BAY OF BENGAL

..

o

Sampling locations 01Chowdhury . Z.R.1998

Sampling locations 01No ori . M.N. 1999

Sampling locations 01Ahmed. H.R. 1989

( f Samp ling locat ions 01Zalar et al 1999

o Sampling area 01Ali el al . 1985_ Cruise pa th and direcHon 01

Mahmood & Khan. 1976

; - - - - , p p r o ~ i m a t esampling a rea ofL ......: RaShid . M.M. 1999 o

o

o

o

km 50

KUlubd iaIs land

.. ,

MaheshkhaliIsland

o ~ ' sBazar

~ ,..

. 0

\.

51. Martin's ISla ndt j

2. Stud y on wa t e r quality and som e c o mmercially important fishes of th e Rezukhal-e s tuary

M.H. Iqbal (/999 ). M.Sc . Thesis . IMS, Univ ersi fY ojC hillagollg. 95pp.

Invest iga ti ons were made during July 1998 through Ju ne 1999 . Samp les we re co llectedmonthly f rom three diffe rent station s o f the Rezu khal-estuary, Cox's Bazar , and theprocedu res fo llowed to record different parameters are same as those mentioned for thepreceding investigation in the Bakkhali R iver-estuary. Results of th is in vestigat ion arereflected in Tab le 2.

J


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~

Table 1: R esults ojinvestigation on water quality o j lhe Rezu khaJ -es tuary at J stations (lu i /998 - J un /999)

~,. ~""5

~ 1hr) and weighed to obtain the quantity of suspended sediment (Waht e l al. 1997). NO )-Nwas determined foll owi ng the Brucine method (Suess , 1982) , and for detennin ing N0 1-NBendschneider and Robin son (1952) was followed. The procedu re of Murphy and Riley( 1961 ) was followed for determination ofP0 4-P. Mullin a nd Riley (1955) for Si0 2-Si. andfo r determ ination of Chlorophyll spectrophotometric method of Richards and Thomson(1952) as improved by Parsons and Strickland (1968) and new equations given by Jefferyand Humphrey ( 1975) were followed . The resu lts of this investigation are given in Table 5 .

Tabl e 5: SUllwmr y 0 / (Iiffere" , It y(lro- meleor ologicu l p a rtlm elers reco rd ed /r om lit e s luily ar ea (Ma r- Dec 199 7)

T c m ~c Rain- NOjN NOrN PO. -P SiOlfall Salinity TSS DO ,-, )I-g )I-g ,-, c ~~ ~I. Pe riod Air Wal er mm %0 mg/I MIll pH mil atll at/ I N:P at/I m I

Mar-Apr 31 28'(, " 29,4 4.75 6.38 7.47 2 .41 0. 427 0.503 4.79 5.47 4 . 10May-Jun 2'J .6 N I "5 22..1 12.24 4.75 7.93 3.59 u n 0.755 4.75 25 .07 3 .44I Jul-Au g 30.5 29.1 135) 13.5 29 .83 7.85 7.29 5.31 1.520 1.804 2.94 46 .62 1.90

SCp-OCI 27 .5 27 729 10.3 23,3 5.K 7.36 4. 18 0.526 0 .725 5.77 13 .56 4.87Nov -Oec 22.5 24 I l 21.9 9 .26 6.53 7 .73 2.38 0.432 0.27 6 8.62 7.50 6 .31Mar-Apr 31.5 29.2 78 31 5.81 6,42 7.&5 1.60 0.152 0.435 3.53 3.08 3.97May-Jun 28.7 28.7 "5 24.2 13.83 4.69 7.66 2.35 0.238 0 .624 3.77 18.23 4.81

2 Jul-Au g 29 .5 28.8 1353 20.2 25,44 5.54 7.33 3.34 0.94 1 0.930 3.59 32.83 3.45Scp-Oct 29 .7 28.3 729 19 .6 14 . 17 07 , 7.65 2.27 0.363 0.369 6. 15 8.35 6,44Nov-Dcc 21.9 22.4 I l 25.5 7.36 6.86 7.55 1.64 0.092 0 . 165 9.94 6.31 7.39Mar-Apr 31.4 29 .7 " 32. 7 5.36 6.03 7.96 U 5 0.095 0. 325 4. 15 4.67 3.16May-Jun 28 .3 28 .3 545 24.5 11 16 5.06 7.72 1.54 0.497 0.509 3.03 19.78 4.76

3 Jul-Aug 28.3 29 .4 1353 22.6 27.25 5.87 7. 12 2.32 0.539 0.729 3.18 23.74 3.73

Scp-Oct 27 .6 28 .2 729 22 .8 16.34 4.07 7 .73 1.63 0.317 0.472 3,45 9,45 6.36Nov-Occ 20.5 23.8 13 27.8 6.33 6.97 7.48 0.86 0.135 0.136 6.32 3.27 7.28Mar-Apr 32.1 28.3 78 JJ 7.32 5.15 8. 10 1.42 0.088 0 .318 4.47 2.27 4.45May -Jun 29 29 "5 24.8 16.2 4.38 7.69 1.29 0.624 0.459 2.81 15.06 5.43

4 Jul-Aug 29.5 28.3 1353 22.6 26,46 6.3 7.05 206 0.652 0.425 4.85 20.35 2.29$.!p-Ocl 28 27 .5 729 23.4 19.04 4. 15 7.811 lA 6 0 .421 0.577 2.51 10 .20 5.83Nov -Dec 22.2 25 13 28 .5 6.65 6.3 7.73 0.76 0.086 0.228 3.33 3.28 7.45Mar-Apr 31. 7 29 78 32.5 2.4 5 6. 18 7.92 1.58 0.093 0.352 4.43 2.70 4.37May-Jun 29 .2 29 .2 S45 25 15.86 4.1 7.63 1.37 0.315 0.410 3.34 12 .8 1 5.68

5 Jul-Aug 27 .7 28.2 135 3 21.1 20 .05 6.23 73 2 3.11 0.664 0.834 3 .73 18 .23 2.37ScpOcI 28.2 28.2 729 23 .7 15.73 5.32 7.44 2.36 0.285 0.669 3.53 11.27 5.05Nov-Dcc 21.3 22 .5 13 27 .3 5.69 6.68 7 .69 1.90 0.077 0.182 10.4 4 .92 8.29- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

7


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Temp C Ra in- NOJ N NOl-N 1'0.1' SiO,fall Salinit)' TSS 1) 0 !L-g ll-l; }.L-g ll-g

Period Air Wate r mm %0 m I Mill II a t/I ' :u / l at/I N:I' alii

Mar-Apr 32.2 28.5 78 32.8 3.75 5.24 7.64 1.23 0. 105 0.336 3.66 3.84Ma y- JIm 29 .7 29 .7 5 45 24 .5 12 .05 4 .78 7.54 1.56 0.576 0 .'175 3.29 10.55, Jul -Aug 30.6 29.2 1353 21.7 23.67 6.16 7 .25 3.02 0 .763 0.7 41 4.08 13 .76Sep-Ocl 29 .4 28 .7 729 24 ,3 18.22 3.85 8.00 2.22 0 .3 59 0.573 3.87 7.84Nov-Dec 22.5 24 .6 13 30.2 7.52 7.32 7.94 1.61 0 .084 0 .251 6.65 5.73Mar-Apr 3 1.11 28 .9 78 32.1 4 .96 5.9 7.82 1.60 0 . 168 0.181 4. 17 3.67May-Jun 29 . 1 29 545 24 .2 13.49 4.62 7.70 1.95 0.596 0.5]9 3.5 0 16.93Jul-Aug 29.4 28 .8 1353 20.2 25.44 6 .32 7.2 1 3. 19 0.842 0 .61 1 ].73 25 .92Sep-Ocl 28.4 28 729 20 .7 21.99 4.59 7.68 2.35 0 .387 0 .564 4.2 1 10. 11

Chi-am ,

5.296. 143.636.879.63

_ - - - ' _ N'o"'"'- ", , , , ,_ ~ 23 .8 _ _3 _ ~2" , , ,2, _ - , - , , , -, , , - ----"_"-'.8 _ ' __ _ '_-'_4_0._"_ _0.26_".,,,",--,-,,-.~' .

4.22' .042.90' .907.73

Ba sed o n th is inves tigation in ference wa s d rawn as follows:

1. Inorga nic nutrien ts showed fluctuations w ith land drainage. sali n ity and total suspendedsedimen ts (TSS).

2. The variation in N: P ratios indica ted that nitroge n m ight be the limiting nutrient incontro lling primary production of the co astal waters.

S. Oc c u rr e nce an d a bundan ce of A ce l el' S hrim ps in t he Kutu bd ia C ha nn e l of

Ba ng la d es h C oas ta l wa t erM. Zalar and M D. Alam, /9 9 7. Ban g/(ldesh J. Fi sh. Res . 1(2) : 9196 .

Sample s were drawn between June. 89 and May. 90 in the Kutubdia Channel situa ted at2 1D53'36"N and 91 D 54'S4"E. Fou r s ta tion s were selected for drawing sam pl es . Surfacewa ter tempera ture was recorded by a the rmometer . Salini ty and DO were reco rde d fol lowingstandard procedures and p H was recorded by a dig ita l pH meter. Data o n atmos phe ricte mperature and rainfall were obtained from the Meteorologica l Office, K utubd ia,Bangla desh. Recorde d data are as shown in Table 6.

Tabl e 6: MO IlIMy \(lTifll iOtt.\ of l Iy drom eleor% g ica l fa clors i tt I III! KUlllbdi a CI ,a ml el, B(IIIg l ad es l.

Parameters Jun ),' Aug S < ~ 0


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follow ing Richard (1954) . Organic carbon and o rganic mal1cr were recorded followingJackson (1958). Alkalinity and Bicarbonate were recorded following standard procedures(A PHA, 1976). Results are given in Tables 7 and 8.

Tahl e 7: Water q u a l i ~I ' param eters o f i'e Bllkkhali HiI!er Estl/f/ ry (Oc t 199 3 - Se p 19 94)

EC Alkalinity IICO JMunth re m C II -mho s !em Salinil '" DOml !1 m m I

~ Oct 27.0 8.51 26.25 16.8 3.02 100 244~ NO ' 26 .8 8.42 33.02 21.33 3.59 100 250

Do:e 23.0 8.25 42.34 27.09 6.77 11O 207.4Jan 21.0 8.30 49 .68 31.98 3.16 90 280.6Feb 21.0 8.52 55.89 35.77 2.57 1)0 244Mar 24 .0 8.63 53.23 33.42 1.49 145 274

~ Ap ' 26 .0 8.41 33.58 21.32 2.03 125 219.2~

May 29.0 S.60 20.14 12.29 4.53 120 195 .2

J" 27.0 8 .56 3.27 3.07 4.01 70 146 .4J"' 26.0 8 .75 22 .77 16.0S 3.98 110 207.4A" g 26 .0 8.68 1.39 1.45 4.63 70 207.4Se 26. 0 S.52 3.82 2.59 4.32 90 134.2

Table 8: Se(lim ellt qllf l l i ty param eters of ,li e illten i flal mudd y bea ch of '' ' e BaH ilali RiL!er Dmwr yduril/ g lull' wat e r p r i l l g(O c, 1 993 - Se p 1994 )

Wet IJ'Y Tcmp EC Salinity Or ga nic OrganicMonth fI II C -m hos/em '" Carbon

% mallcr %

~ 0 " 8.24 8.87 29.00 7.445 9.53 1.078 1.854~

No v 8.24 8 .89 28.00 8 .004 10.25 1. 115 1.9 12I J , ~ 8.23 8.86 25.00 10.074 12.89 0 .774 1.33 1Jan 8.36 8 .76 20.00 7.314 9.362 0.5363 0 .922Feb 8.32 8 .69 20.00 9 . 108 11.66 0.7215 1.241Mar 8.70 R.65 28 .00 9.522 12. 19 0.8SS 1.476

~ f\p r 8.27 8 .57 29 .00 5.934 7.60 0. 499 7 0.860~ May 8.33 RAO 29 .011 Y.M7 12.63 0.Y75 1.677

Jun 8.51 8.04 27 .0U 4 .9610: 6.36 0 .536 0.922Jul 7.83 7.77 26.00 5.106 6.54 0.6435 l. l 068A", 8 .07 7.85 26 .00 3.818 4 .88 0.6435 I.J 068S, 8.33 IUS 28.00 5.382 6 .88 0.663 1.1 403

7. St ud y a ll immig ration o f commercia lly important pe nai ed Shrilllil post larvae inthe Es tu .arine a r ea of C hakaria , Co x 's Bazar , Bang lade s h

N. A-Io/lIIlOod (I(NO). Ph.D . lYlesis. Depol"llnelll oj Zoolo;.!,y. Rajslwhi Ul/iva.lily.

Ballgladesh. J 25pp .Water samples were ta\.;en from two selected s tation s of the study area (Mathamuhuri Riveres tuary) a t fortnightly intervals . Samples were drawn from both surface and bottom watersw ith s imultaneous record of temperature by a bucket thermometer and a the rmome termounted insi de the transparent Hyd rubi os water sampk r respectively . DO cuntent of waterwas determined followin g Winkler 's 1 l l ~ l h o d(Barnes, 1959) and salinity by Mohr's chloridetit ratio n procedure (Strickland and Par sons. 1965 ). Data on monthly rainnJ.lI and airtempe rature were obtained through courtesy of the Meteorological Department. GOY\' of

Banglade sh . The recorded data o f l h ~water qualities arc presented in Tables 9a,b and IOa,b.


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Table 9(a): Monthly distribution o/meteorologi cal param eters in rh e study area (May /9 8 2 - Apr 1983)

Factor M" 100 1,] A, . S,p 0 " NO' Do< 1M F,b M ~ Ap'M", 33. 51 30 .05 30.46 29. 13 30.62 32.08 26.54 27 .17 26 .54 27 .75 30.07 3 1.8 1

Air Temp "C M in 25.36 24 .91 25 .29 24 .56 24.6 1 23.81 19.86 15.00 14.30 17.45 21.18 23 .65M"" 29 .435 27 .48 27 .875 26.845 27 .6 15 27.945 23.2 21.085 2Q.42 22.6 25 .625 27.73

Rainfall mm 157 .00 11 64 .00 866 .00 850 .00 483 .00 ].00 119 .00 0.00 8.00 47.00 19.00 11 3.00

Table 9 (b): Montltl y dis tr ibu tion 0 / meteorologi ca l p aram eters in the study ar ea (/lfa y 1982 - Apr /983)

Factor Ma\ ' 100 1,] A, 5, 0 " No ' Do< 1, " F,b M" A ,Mu 32.12 30.86 30 .48 30. 14 30. 86 30.75 28.96 26.23 25.2 8 27.66 30. 13 32.38

Air TempoC Min 24 .89 25.35 25.28 25.09 25 .49 24 .25 2 1.73 16.20 15.84 17 .5 1 20.3 1 24.68

Mean 28.505 28 . 105 27.88 27.6 15 28.175 27.5 25.3 45 21.215 20.56 22.5 85 25.22 2 8.53Rainfall mm [ 182 .00 716 .00 996 .00 863.00 332.00 379.00 3 0.00 44 .00 ] .00 0.00 0.00 80.00

Table 10 (0): Month ly distributi O l o / hydr ologi cal parameters in th e s tudy ar ea (Ma y /98 2 - Apr /983)

o Factor M" 100 1, ] A, 5, 0 " NO' D 1" , F, b M" AWater Temp ]0.60 29.70 29 .18 28.25 29.90 28 .95 27.97 22.30 2 1.25 2].75 26.45 28.45

'C- Surf J.95 4.60 5 .43 5.87 5.95 5 .85 6.59 6.59 5.42 5.48 5.1 6 4.29. DOml!1 3 m 3.69 4.69 4.69 5.70 5.81 5.65 6.44 6.3 3 5.78 5.35 4.98 4.04;; M,,,, 3.82 4.645 5.06 5.785 5.88 5.75 6.5 15 6.46 5.6 5.415 5.07 4.165~

S urf 30.5 1 17.58 8.53 2.65 1. 97 6.34 19 .17 22.78 27.96 ] 1.69 32.10 23.4]Salinit y %0 3m 30 .38 18. \3 8.75 2 .67 2.03 6.48 19 .24 22.96 29.02 32.37 32 .89 24.16

Mean 30. 445 17.855 8.64 2.66 2 6.41 19.205 22 .87 28 .49 32.03 32 .495 23.795Wate r Temp

3 1.85 29.25 27 .80 28.60 29 .65 28 .87 2 8.10 22.67 21.75 23. 25 26. 12 28.55'C

N Sur( 3.97 4.52 5.56 5.94 5.98 5. 94 6.92 6.8 1 5.88 5.69 5. 14 4 .02.~ DO mill ,,'" ] .72 ] .% 4.97 5.43 5.85 5.69 6 .70 6.35 5.66 5.46 4 .78 3.11 1i! Mcan 3.8S 4.24 5.27 5.6 9 5.92 5 .82 6.81 6.58 5.77 5.58 4.% ).92~ Surf 30 .34 17 .40 8.83 2.61 2.(H 6.93 20. 57 25. 29 2837 ] 1.87 33 .12 201 .7]

S:llinit)' 'K>t Bot 30 .39 17.56 9.] 4 2.72 2.0] 6.64 20.12 25.60 29.00 3 1.87 33 .00 2S 65Mean 30.365 17.48 9 .085 2.665 2.0 ]5 6.785 20 .345 25 .44 5 211,685 3 1.87 3J.06 25.19


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Tabl e !O(b): Monthly IlislribuliOll o f hyd rolo gica l param eters in tI,e study ar ea ( Ma y /9 81 - Ap r / 983)

Factor M, '00 "I A, Se 0 " NO' Doc "" Feb M" A ,Water

31.15 30.22 28 .6 8 28.20 29.38 27 .60 27 .90 23.75 21.35 20 .92 24 .32 29.50Temp oC

- Surf 3.97 4.70 5.34 5.63 5.52 5.47 5.51 5.87 5.38 5. 11 4 .86 4.02c DOBOI 3.73 4.55 5.22 5.26 5.37 5 .21 5.31 5.60 5.45 5. 15 4 .79 4 .03. ~ mi l l

'" Mean 3.85 4.63 5.28 5.45 5.45 5.34 5.4 1 5.74 5.42 5. 13 4 .83 4.03

Sa linit ySurf 15.95 10 .38 1.79 2.00 1.87 2 .98 11.44 13.62 19.38 26.07 32.23 33.75

"0. 17.03 11.1 I 2 .21 2. 12 1.98 3 .70 12.33 13.98 19.6 1 26.42 32.89 34 .50"'"

Mean 16 .49 10.7 45 2 2.06 1.925 3.34 11.885 13.8 19.49526 .245 32 .5634.125Water

31.02 30.75 29.03 27.93 29.43 27 .80 28.32 23.67 21.85 2 1.60 25.52 29.45Temp "C00 DO Surf 4.2 1 4.97 5.30 5.68 5.6 1 5.50 5 .58 6. 17 5.57 5.36

4 .97 4.18c "0. 3.87 4.46 5.02 5.46 5.33 5.23 5.40 5.87 5 .47 5.32 4 .73 3.972 mI ll M,,,, 4.04 4 .72 5.16 5.57 5 .47 5 .37 5.49 6 .02 5.52 5.34 4 .85 4.08

~Surf 18.04 12.07 2.56 2.40 3.35 4.37 14 .76 16.86 23.00 28.37 33.00 32.68

SalinityBot 18.69 13. 17 2 .94 2.65 3.45 4 .74 15.37 17.32 22.87 29.25 33.25 33.8 1

"'" Mean 18.365 12.62 2.75 2.525 J.4 4.555 15.065 17.0922 .935 28 .8133 . 12533.245- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -8. St udi es on the physicochemical aspects of the Mohes hkhali channel, Bay of

Bengal

S. Ali, S. Sukanta and N. Mahmood (1985). Dhaka Un iv. Studies, BXXXIII (1):43- 49 .

Inve stigat ion s we re made between January and October 1980 . Samples were drawn fro mMoheshkahali cha nn el (2 130'N and 91 0 58'E). Chemical analyses of the samp les we re doneby using a HA CH wate r analysis kit (Model DR-El , No. 1206-00). The recorded data areshown in Table I I .

Table I J : Seasonal vrtr iati ()IlS o f piJysico-c h emi cal parameters o f wa rer

Temperature cCTotal

Air L

Water Rainfall Turbidity DO CO, alkalinity SalinityMonth M" Min Inch m J mg/I mg/I pH mg/I "'" N O ~ ~m I

'''' 26 .4 15 25 0 5 8.1 8.5 8.3 100 28 0.00 1Feb 28 16 25.5 0 .5 9 10 7.5 9 .7 8. 1 90 27 0.007M, 30.4 20.9 27.5 4.25 15 7.0 14 .0 7.5 75 25 ..9 0 .01 0

Ap ' ) ] 25.5 30 0 10 6.5 12.5 7.5 80 25 0 .0050 M, 32 2l 29 18. 10 35 7.6 10.0 8 2 80 22.7 0.00 1~~

'00 29.9 24.8 28 41 .22 40 7.8 11.7 7.9 65 21 0 .00 1-" I 29 24.6 28 27.88 10 7.5 11.0 8.2 60 21 0.002A , 29.7 24 29.4 43 .04 70 6.5 14.5 7.0 40 20 0 .007

Sep 31.6 24 2R 11. 14 5 7.0 12.0 7.7 50 28 0 .0050 " 31.5 22.5 27 1.20 0 7.9 9 .5 8. 1 95 27 0

9. ECOlogy o f the int ertida l macro-benthic Fau na in Cox's Bazar coasta l area,Ba nglade s h

A.M. BeJa/uzzamon (1995). MSc. Thesis. {MS, University ojChillagong . I 99pp.

Investigations we re made during October 1993 to September 1994. Mont hly water sa mpleswere taken f rom two sa mpl ing areas of the intertidal sandy Sea beach of Cox ' s Bazar andthe intertidal muddy beac h of Bakkhali river es tuary during new moon. In each investigatedshore three sam plin g positions were selec ted according to the lida l subme rgence leve l

I I


15/27

following a standard not clear ly referred. Water tempe rature , pH. Electrical con d uctivitywere recorded by us ing a thermomete. d igital pH meter and conductivity meter respectively.Sa lin ity was de termi ned fo llowing the standard Mohr- Knudsen method (Barnes. 1959). DOby Azide modification of Winklers methods (Lind. 1979). Methods followed fo r thedetermination of Bi-carbonate and Total alkal inity are were not clearly mentioned. Therecorded da ta are given in Tab les 12 and 13.

Tabl e 12: Sea sOllall 'uri ulio llS o f wflIer quality pa ram elen ' of Cox l ' Ba zar l'um/y S ea bellc" (Oct 1993- Se p 1994)

Month Temp 'C p" ECIl-mho s/e m Salinit y %0 DO mIll Alkalinity ppm lIeo; mg/ I

M00< 28 8.66 43.29 27.64 3 .98 120 275.2

~ No . 29 8.61 57 .75 30.53 3.8 125 280.6

"", 22 8.63 50.38 32 .24 3.4l! 135 260 .5J " 22 8.7 53 .82 34.87 3 .31 140 268.4r eb 23 8.7 56.74 36.3 1 2.37 150 274.5M" 24 8.81 57.3 36.67 2 .23 150 286

~ Apc 30 8.56 52.51 32.16 2.68 130 25.6.2~ M,y 32 8.96 49.3 30.89 4.22 125 244

Joe 28 9.03 43 .82 27.1 4.42 120 231 .8

J"' 29 8.76 45.92 28.54 4 .83 130 268.4A". 29 8 .5 1 35 .03 21.14 5.09 100 "3

50p 29 8.6 39.59 25.29 4.63 100 274 .4Mean 27.08 8.7 1 47.95 30.28 3.75 127 .08 285 .58

SD 3.25 0.15 6.5 4.42 0.92 15.47 27.17

Tuble 13 : SemiOnal variation of different water qu ality p arame ters in t I,e int enida l sur f ace water ofth e Bakkhu li River-estua ry, Cox 's Bazor (Oct 1993 - Se p /9 94)

Month T, m T II EC -mhu s/e m Sa linit %0 DOml !1 Alkalinit m HCO )nl IM 00< 27 8.51 26 .25 16.8 3.02 100 244~ No . 26.8 8.42 33 .02 21.13 3.59 100 250

Dec 23 8.25 42.34 27.09 6.77 11 0 207.4J" 21 8.3 49 .68 31.98 3.16 90 280.6Feb 21 8.52 55.89 35.77 2.57 130 24 'M" 24 8.63 53.23 33.42 1.49 145 274

~ Apc 26 8.4 1 33 .58 21.32 2 .03 115 219.2~ May 29 8.6 20 .24 12 .29 4.53 120 195.2

Joe 27 8.56 3 .27 3.07 4.01 70 146.4

J"' 26 8.75 22 .77 16 .08 3.91 120 207.4A"g 16 8.68 1.39 1.45 4.63 70 207.4Sep 26 8 .52 3.82 2.59 4.32 90 134 .2

Mean 25.23 8.51 2l!.84 18.58 3.67 105 .83 2 17.48SD 2.37 0. 14 18.49 11 .62 1.33 22.44 43 .24

10. Occ u rre n ce a n d communi ty s truct u re of M o llu scs with sp eci a l r eferenc e tohydr o log ica l pa ra me te rs o n t he intertid a l Seash o re w a te r o f C ox's Ba za r

MA .B. Bhlliyan (1998). M.Sc . Thesis . IMS , UniversityojChiffagong. /08pp .

Field investigations were made for one year between July 1997 and J une 1998. Monthlysamples were co llected from the intertida l sa ndy beach of Cox's Bazar during full Moon.Water samples were collected f rom the su rface by different collecting bottles and plastic

12


16/27

containers , preserved in the fo llowing wa y: For DO by KI an d MnS 0 4. P0 4', S i0 2' andNO )' with distilled water , 0.5% H20 2 and by freezing. For other parameters , water sampleswe re kep t in the c lean plastic con tainers. Water temperature, p H and Electrica l conductivitywe re recorded by using a thermo mete, d igita l pH m eter a nd cond uct iv ity meter respect ive ly.Sa linity was determi ned by the standard Mo hr-Kn udse n method ( Barnes , 1959) , DO byAz ide mod ification of Winkle r 's method ( Li nd, 1979) , Primary production by the "L ig htan d Dark " bott le techn ique (AP HA, 1976). NO )-, P0 4' an d Si0 2' were de termine d fo llow ingthe methods desc ribed by Bendschneider and Ro binson ( 1952) , Murphy and Ri ley ( 1961)a nd Mullin and Rilley ( 1955). Methods fo llowed for dete rminatio n of Bi -car bonate andTota l a lkalin ity were not clear ly men t ioned. Res ults are g iven in Table 14.

Tabl e 14: Seaso nal variati ons of hydrol og ical paramet ers a nd nutri ents of Cox's Ba l ar Seas horewa ter (Ju1199 7 - Jun /998 )

Month DO NPP GP r Alkalinity HCO } NO}' PO .- Sia l 'mV' m cm1/d m cm 1/ d m m , ,v, ,v, ,v,

J,' 5.93 2 19.775 348.978 73 30' 0 .698 0.168 11.769A" 3.25 172.35 2110.972 '0 6 228.89 0 .734 0.118 6.4 25

~ Sep 4.707 178. 772 324.096 97 359.57 0.3 16 0. 128 2.67g:0 4.184 206.584 299 . 122 7l 303.33 0.443 0.069 3.758

No , 3.662 155.702 328.418 103.33 226.92 0. 182 0.1138 3.0659Deo 2.42 130.42 181.75 102.25 36() 0.48 0.076 2.0764

J"" 3.255 146.285 204 .46 10 1.45 312 0.28 0.093 1.7802F,b 2.59 135.87 162.048 110 212 0.23 0. 122 2.3736~ My 3.56 78.571 172 .235 8J 219 0.27 0.122 2.3736~~

Ap' 3.12 153.99 207.235 '06 36l 0.4 12 0. 16 3.96M,y 4.37 250.461 402.248 "' 22 l 0.52 0.152 6.428J" 4.68 277.58 373. 106 81 348 0.52 0.132 5. 142

Mo"" 3.8 1 177.194 273.389 95.752 300.475 0.52 0.1192 4.4 17

13


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CHI1TAGONG REGION

11. An investigation on seasonal variation of mi cr o nutri cnt s an d standing crop o f

phyt o pl an kton in neritic w a ters of the sout h east coast of BangladeshMN. Noori (1999). MS". Thesis . IMS, University o/Chiltagm1g 91pp .

Inve stigatio ns were made between March 1998 and December 1998 . Samples wereco llected in three dominant seasons from six selecte d stations of the study area in the neriticwaters of the east coast of Bangladesh (F:igure I), Different methods were followed toreco rd different parameters: Winkler's method for DO (Barnes . 1959), M o h r ~ K n u d s e ntitrimetric procedure for sa linit y (Barnes. 1959), for determination of turbidity (TSS) watersa mpl es were filtered through glass fiber filters which were dried at 105C (>1 hr) andweighed to obtain the quantity or suspended sediment (Waht e l al. 1(97). NOyN wasdetermin ed rollow ing Grasshoff (1964). for determining the NOrN Bendschneider andRobinson (1952) was followed. The procedure of Murphy and Riley (1961) was followedfor determination o f P 0 4-P. Mull in and Riley (1955) for Si0 2-Si. and for determination ofChlorophyll spectrophotometric method of Ri cha rds a nd Thomson (1952) as improved byParsons and Strickland (1968) and new equations given by Jeflery and Hum phrey (1975)were followed.

The physicochemica l parameters as recorded from the neritic waters of the study area arefurnished in Tab le 15.

Table 15: So me pl.ysicio-cllemi cal parameters as reco rd ed a t sit: d i f fe r e n t .~ t a l i m U "in neriti c wate r soff he .foutil Eas t coas t o f Banglmleslt (Bay o f Bengal) t/urillg 19 98

2

J

5

6

PremonsoonMonsoonPostmon soonPrcmollsoonMonsoonPostmonsoonPrcmonsoonMunsoonPost monsoonPrcmonsoon

MonsoonPOSlmonsoonPrcmonsonMonsonPoslmonsoonPrcmonsoonM'onsoonPostmonsoon

28.927.525.128 .K

36.020.3332.0033 .00

1.852.56

15.001.]5

27.5 14.27 1.8424.9 30 .00 18.0029.1 33.00 8.2628.0 8.3 1 4.46

25 .00 26..50 25 .0028.6 28,50 41.16

27.5 2. 17 28 . 1725 .00 26 .00 65.00

28.4 26.80 85.1027.5 1.26 121.16

25 .00 23.00 186.0027 .9 12.00 125.2528 .0 0 40 1.2625.0 7.00 315.00

6.63 7.96.10 7.5

0.621.86

.054

. 126.305.410

3.12 8.2 0. 16 .040 .0754 .64 7.8 1. 87 .043 .3 to5.72 7.43. 10 8.33.98 7 .85.70 7.43.25 8.43.32 7.9

5.00 7 .34. 13 8.32.65 7.84.76 7.34. 13 8.32.50 7.73. 10 7.2

3.46 . 146 1.2000.35 .055 . 1750.92 .150 .3603.18 . 170 1.1000.48 .020 .0750,5 I .107 .:150

4.86 .170 .8701.34 0.060 .2250.32 .235 .1206.10 . 188 .8104.73 .090 .2850 .22 .364 . 1108.98 1.198 2.330

4.20 K.2 5.11 . 110 .567

Ba sed On this investigation inference was drawn as follows:

.673 50.52. 148 1356.58.500 78 . 1

.769 50.51.735 1356.515,50 78. 12.930 50,51.487 1356.59.500 78 . 14.766 50.5

1.900 1356..511.500 78.14.766 105 .83

22.396 1290.514 ..500 72.316.324 105.8363.310 1290.523 .500 72.3

I . Monsoon is the driv ing force of primary productivity in this coast.

14

2.033 2.9804.537 8. 1502. 133 7.057

5.64 2.6202.88 12.6192.00 4.026

2.556 1.7542.89 10.573

6.4 3.8572.04

5.5865.95

2.6677..53

16.596

1.345

6.9082.83

1.1102.8302.049

2.0 0.8503.854 0 . 1949.0 t 2 1.850


18/27

12.

2. During monsoon heavy rainfall and flood discha rge carry enonnous q uantity of nutrientsand t urbidity to the s helf sea allowing high productivity .

Preliminary o bserv a tions o n th e hy drologic a l conditions of th e Ba y of Beng a loff th e coast on Bangl a desh

N. Mahm oo d an d YSA. Khan ( 19 76). 1. Asiati c Soc. Bangladesh (Sc.) 1(2): 117-122

Inves tigation was made during Mar ch 1974 . Samples were collec ted f rom eight differentstatio ns of the Bay of Ben gal of f the coast of Bangladesh (F igu re I). Standard proceduresde scribed in Haq (1968) were fol lowed for recording different parameters, and reflected inTable 16.

Tabl e 16: Result s o / III e cruis e in tI,e bay 0/ Bengal on BNS Padma (Ma r 1974 )Seechi Air Depth of Water

Time Depth depth Temp hydrocast Temp DO. Sali ni tyStations Location Local m om C Meter C min ..

nO IO'N. 91 37'E 1050 10.5 25 .6 31.75 26.00 4.55 19.6811 00 I . 25 .50 4.44 20 .50II 21 40N , 91 35 'E 1520 15.3 11 .0 29 .50 27.60 4.60 24 .101530 I . 21.60 4.41 25 .05

21 10 26.25 4.60 29 .56III 21 IO'N . 91 35 'E 2130 29.0 N ight 28 .00 I . 26100 4.53 29 .612 150 2 . 26100 4.4 5 30 .08IV 20"38'N. 9220'E 1600 11.0 196.3 28.5 26.00 4.54 31.98

1615 I . 26.00 4.53 31.80

V 20 0 54'N. 92 II ' E 1150 26.0 27.50 179.30 21.00 4.23 31 .03

1800 I. 26.50 4.20 31. 40

VI 21 24'N, 9 136'[ 0120 10.5 49.3 25.25 25.25 4.84 28 .950145 I. 25 .60 4.84 29.32VII 2 1"53'N . 9148'E 1120 12 ..0 21.0 28 .50 26.50 4.52 24.191135 10 26.00 4.67 25.05VIII 2210'N, 9 146'E 1340 11.0 24 .0 29.00 21 .50 4 .51 2 1.411350 10 26.60 4.41 22 .25

13. Studies on th e hydrol ogy of th e Karnafuli Es tu aryN. Mahmood, YS.A .Khan and M.K. Ahmed (1976) . 1. Asiatic Soc. Bangladesh (ScI2(1):8899

Investigations were made dur ing May 1975 through Apri l 1976. Samp les were drawn fromfour se lected stat ions at fort nightly intervals within an area of about 10 mi les from the rivermouth to Sadarghat. For co llection offield data and analyses of samples, methods describedin Barne s ( 1959) , and Strick land and Parsons (1965) were followed . Study a rea andrecorded parameters are shown in Figure 2 and Table 17 respec tivel y.

I l

.'


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Figure 2: The Karnuphuli river (lowe part) and location of sampling stations (I to 4)

Table 17:

Waler lem

Ai r Tem p C

DO. mil lH

Ti de

BAY OFBENGAL

C HITTA GO N G

C ITY AREA

o k m

Summary o f hydrometeorologicul conditions il l tile area o f investigationApril . 1976)

Ma t Jun J,' Aug. S c ~ OC I Nov Dec J" FebC 28.72 29.90 28.0 1 29. 15 29. 12 28 .22 20.10 25. 12 22.68 24.28

M" 32.39 32.23 29 .72 3 1.50 3 1.2 8 3 1.11 27.56 25. 17 25.76 27.51Min 24. 17 25.3 9 24 .33 24 .55 2 4 .78 2 4.52 19.39 13.78 13.2 2 16. 13

4.38 4 .23 4.34 3.93 3.62 4.4 3 4.35 4.96 4 .97 4 . 167.20 7. 10 7.20 7.10 6.90 7. 20 7.50 7.70 7.30 7.50

MHW 1 1.8 1 12.3 0 13.50 13.80 13.50 12.70 11 .60 10.60 9 .90 10.00MLW 2.03 2 .67 3.07 3.24 3.05 2.6 2 2.0 1 1.40 0.92 0.69

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

' 6

5

(Muy, 1975 -

Mar A ~ r29 .69 29.353 1.11 32.9620.66 22.503.37 3.367.30 7.30

10J O 11 .000.80 1.33


20/27

M, 1"" 1"' A" . & . Oct. Nov. 0,,, 1M FobSt. !

Surface 2.95 1.82 0.40 1.44 0.69 1.30 1.32 3.47 3.80 5.58Bottom 4.88 5.90 1.15 1.56 1.76 2.80 4.34 11.64 12.40 14.07

,} SI.2 Surface 1.07 1.56 0 .22 0.46 0.32 0.29 0.64 1.38 2.32 5.38. ~ Bottom 2. 10 4 .90 0.33 1.44 0.60 0.34 1.39 5.36 6.87 7.80

" St.3 Surface 0.75 1.17 0.23 0.21 0.24 0.24 0.30 0.9 1 1.82 4.00.. Bottom 0.84 2.64 0.30 0.33 0.34 0.2 1 0.72 1.58 3.75 4.76S\. 4 Surface 0 .2 1 0.35 0.24 0.2 1 0.2 1

0.21 0.39 0.47 0.47 2.48Boltom 0 .2 1 0.3 5 0.24 0.2 1 0.21 0.21 0.39 0.40 0.33 3.40

Rainfall. inch 12.29 13.34 35.58 11J7 12 . 19 9.33 5.04 Nil Nil 0.24MHW Mean high water. MLW Mean low waler

14. E c ol ~ gi c a J stu dies o n t he pla nkto n ic orga ni sms o f th e " a i da R iver

R. w.R. Patra and MA . Azadi (1987), Bangladesh J. Zool. 15(2) : J0912pp.

Observations of water qual ity of theHalda River (Figure 3) for thepresent work continued for one year,from Octobe r 1977 to September1978 . Collection of samples forvarious chemical paramete rs (DO,

CO 2 Calcium and Phosphate) andtheir esti mation were carried out assuggested In standard methods(AP HA, 1976). Water tempe rature.Transparency, Turbidity,Conductivity and pH were alsorecorded. Cur rent velocity wasmeasured by follow ing a cork totravel a distance of 3 meters onwaler. In all cases the final res u ltwere 'calcu la ted from the meanestimate of four stations which werecalculated by tak ing at least threeconsecut ive readi ngs. Ra in fal l data ofChittagong for the period ofinvestigation was obtained fromMeteorological office at Chittagong.

Results of observed environmentalcondi tions and physicochemicalqualities of water in the river arepresented in Table 18.

Fig ure 3: Map s how in g H a lda R iver

17

M ~ . A ,6.24 4.34

12.96 1\.15

5.43 1.078. 16 6.992.95 0.755.45 1.451.30 b.412.02 0 .440.84 2.35


21/27

Table 18: Ph),si co-c hemi ca l / eatur es o / the Halda Ril't!r (Oc t 1977 - Sep 19 78)

Rain- Air Water Water Secc hi Turbi- EC Free Cal-fall Temp Tem p velocity depth dity "- 00 CO , PO,om 'C 'C em .lscc om m mhos/em H m m 1 m

~ Dot 7.2 1 26 .73 28 .25 15.61 20.55 304 .0 87 .37 8.15 9 .05 0.69 0.16~ No. 1.09 26 .45 25 .58 15. 18 20.98 319 .38 9 1.69 7.36 10.98 0. 58 11.56 0. 16

"" 0.08 25.13 20.63 12.S3 28.58 139.38 96 .00 7.51 12.45 0.28 14. 16 0.15JM 0 .00 23. 15 19.58 11.56 22.0 134.38 84 .53 7.53 13. 18 0.0 15.26 0. 13rob 0.00 27 .3 23 .2 12.4 18.73 268 .75 118.15 7.58 11.23 0.11 14.86 0.15M", 0.20 30 .86 25.88 14.4 15.75 335 .0 147.65 7.39 9.65 0.24 14.63 0. 18

~ Ap ' 4.80 30 .83 29.28 16.38 14.45 428.25 139.43 7.63 7.55 0.64 13.62 0. 18~ M , y 37 .52 31.48 28 .61 17.86 13.62 43 L25 73.50 6 .96 6.83 2.29 9. 16 0.21~

Joe 80.70 33 .00 32.0 17.75 17.45 368.75 51.58 7. 12 8.3 1 3.58 7.71 0. 19

J,I 28 .30 30 . 1 29 .78 17.28 17.4 342.5 70 .20 6.89 8.43 2.86 9.46 0. 18A,S 40.64 3 1.2 29.25 16.71 18.75 213.75 85.00 7.01 8.03 1.46 9.42 II . I 650p 4182 31.15 29.33 15.76 18.0 376 .25 84.80 7 .06 8.03 0.22 10.67 0.06- - - -

IS. Effect o f I ndus t r ia l po ll u ti o n (K a r nafu ll y Pape r M il l a nd K a r n a f ul l y R a y o nC o m p lex) on the bi o logy o f th e River Ka r n a f ul l y

A.M Bhouyain (1981) . MPhillthesis, Dept . o/Zoology, University ofChillagong . 196pp.

Th e effects o f Kamafu lly Pape r mill (KPM) an d Karnafull y Rayon Complex (KRC) wastewate rs on wate r quality of the river Karnafull y have been studied from Jul y 197 6 to January1978. Mo n thly sa mp lings, wi lh so me exception s, we re mad e from si x differ en t s tatio ns atpo llu ted zo nes and th ree at co n t ro l regions, for ph ys ico-che mic al analysis . T he physico-c hemical properties o f water were studied following A PH A ( 1976). Th e recorded data o fthe water qualit ies are presented in Table 19.

Tabl e 19: PI'ys ;co-c h emi ca l Fa ctors o/po llut ed and contr ol ar eas

_ ' fE " E " " E ' ' E " E~ 8 0 " 0 'n 0c.. 2: c::di::u - o : .~ z :

~. ~u u Co

Jul Po lluted 27.800.085 X x Muddy. grey 7.103 .903.2032.10 x 0 .55 6.74 6.16Control 28 .90 0. 102 3.55 2 Muddy 7.05 3.80 0.4631.0G x 0.74 5.50 6.01

Se Pollute d 28.700.190 3 .96 10 Slight muddy 7.30 3.56 3.0328.60 0.35 0.60 5.33 9.87P Control 29.00 0. 193 X x Slig ht muddy 7.26 3.66 0.7632,00 0.1 1 0.58 5.00 6.20

Oct Pollute d 27 .7 60 . 172 X x Muddy & pinkish 7. 58 6.40 3.76 5.66 0.34 0.5417 .00 16.03Control 28.600.235 X 6 Light gree n 7. 087 .00 0.63 4.000.5 7 0 .5 1 6.13 7.74

Dc


22/27

A Polluted 29 .50 0.206 3.51 ] .2 Muddy & green 7.80 5.45 3.00 3.50 0 . 18 1.90 14.8214 . 10

". ontrol 29 .80 0 .26] 4. 13 ] .2 Muddy & gree n 7. 15 5.70 0.48 6.00 0. 18 1.07 1. 50 8.00Sep

Polluted ]0.60 0.80 2.55 2.8 Black &. green 7.80 4.5] 2.40 3.66 0.22 0 .62 7.16 11.00Con trol 30.80 0 .99 4.06 3 Gree n 7.4 1 5.18 0 .38 ' .00 0.05 0.86 0.66 7.70

~ Polluted 30.00 1.09 2.25 2.5 Black 7.40 4.45 2.80 3 .96 0.38 1.1 1 4.90 11.33~ 0


23/27

Tabl e 20 : Ph ys ioch emi cal fa ctors of th e near .fhor t! coa stal wat er of Chitta gong (Nol' 198 7 ~ Oct/988 )

Stn Factors Nov Dec lan Feb Mar Apr May Jun l ui Aug Sep Oct1987 1987 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988

Air Tcmp C 30 .85 24.00 22.45 24.20 27 .00 27.85 32 .20 27 .80 30 .00 28 .60 30 .80 25.40Watcr Temp C 28.25 24.43 22.85 24.10 26 .25 29.03 31.50 28.00 29 .80 28.40 29.80 28,00

I DO mg/I 4.270 4.940 5. 125 6.220 6.490 10.44 7.320 4,980 3J I8 4.313 3.982 6 ,304Salinity %.. 16.02 18.00 20.05 23.00 16.00 19.50 19.00 5.00 0.59 1.41 1.00 7.00pH 7.43 7.71 7.75 7.89 8.07 7.75 7.00 7.00 7.30 7 .10 7.20 7.00WatcrTrans . em 39.7 42.0 42.7 41.0 41.4 31.2 42 .3 39.5 42.2 42.2 42.0 41. 7Air Temp C 28.25 24 .95 24.75 28.80 30.20 29.50 32.20 28.50 32.80 29.90 30.40 26 . 10Water Temp C 28.20 24.70 23.65 25.20 27.00 29.20 30.40 28.00 30.30 28 .90 29.90 27.50

2 DOmgll 4.205 4.695 5.215 5.850 6.300 7J20 8.400 4.480 4.312 4.643 3.960 6J02Salinity%.. 20 .27 11.75 24.10 211.00 22.00 22.50 22.00 12.50 2.78 3.57 4.00 6.50pl l 7.20 7.80 8. 11 8, 10 8,22 7.86 7.20 7.00 7. 10 7.20 7.50 7. 10WaterTrans . cm 38 .7 42.5 47.8 42.5 40.4 40.8 37.7 37.9 42.4 42 .6 42.6 41.0AirTemp oC 28.00 24 .75 26.20 29.50 28.25 29.05 31.90 28.80 32.90 29.90 31.80 25 .70WaterTem p oC 27.90 25.10 23.65 25,70 27.00 29,00 30 .00 28.70 30. 10 29.00 30JO 27.00

3 DO 109/I 4.030 4.805 4.790 5.300 5. 145 7.880 6.950 4.940 4.306 4.633 4.043 5.799Salinity %0 21.50 24.50 26.90 29.50 24 .00 24,25 23.00 18.40 5.38 8.08 5.00 5.50pH 7.50 7.96 8.23 8.15 8.19 7.92 7.35 7.00 7.50 7.00 7. 10 7 , 10WaterTrans . cm 42.542 .2 47 . 2 4 3 .0 42J 41.7 41.0 37.7 39.4 41.3 59.0 50.4AirTemp oC 29.00 14.95 29.35 30JO 29.45 28 .50 31.60 27.10 31.80 19 .70 33.50 25 .70

Water Temp C 27.75 25 . 10 23.50 25.40 27.55 28.68 29.80 27.60 3020 29.00 30.90 27.204 DO 109/I 3.660 4JOO 4.760 5.490 5.265 6.865 8 ,790 3.650 3.980 3 .980 3.980 5J07Salini ty %.. 24 .78 26.00 28 .10 JO.30 28.00 25.00 24.20 20.50 18.94 10.03 9.00 9.00pH 7.88 7.96 8.29 8. 10 8.27 7.93 7.25 7.10 7.40 7.30 7.00 7.20WatcrTranS.cm 42.2 47 J 45,0 42.5 42.6 37.7 35.8 41.2 4 1.8 42.056 .2 56.3Air Temp C 28.50 25.05 26.00 27.60 29.35 27.60 31.70 27.90 30.80 29.80 33.00 24.80WatcrTemp"C 27.80 24.25 23.05 24.90 26.40 28 . 10 30.00 27 .60 29.80 28.80 30.90 27 . 10

5 DO 109/I 3.925 4.380 5. 125 5JOO 5.615 7.315 8.4 10 4.310 3.878 4.971 4. 144 4.972Salinity %0 24.20 25.85 28.50 28.00" 28.00 25.80 24.40 20.00 8.08 10.69 9.87 10.00pH 7.88 7.86 8.41 8.32 8.3 1 7.95 7.30 7.20 7.00 7.10 7.30 7.10WatcrTrans . cm 4 1 . 6 4 2 . 6 4 3 . 0 4 1 . 9 3 8 . 4 3 6 . 7 4 1 . 3 37.6 42.3 34.3 40,0 58 .8Air Temp C 28.40 25.60 25.95 27.20 28 .85 27.00 29.00 27.80 30 ,00 29.90 34.00 25.50Watcr Temp "C 28 .30 25.25 23.15 25. 10 26.90 28.50 29.80 27,60 30,00 29. 10 ' 31.50 27.75

6 DO 109/I 4.024 4Joo 5.115 5.480 5.270 6.945 7.690 4.300 3.807 3.972 3.807 4.634Salinity%.. 24 . 14 26 .85 29.50 28.00 28.00 2 4.50 25 .00 20.00 9 .98 11.02 10.00 17.50pH 8. 15 8.00 8J6 8.30 8.3 1 7.88 7.35 7.10 7.00 7.00 7. 10 7.10WaterTrans.cm 39.842 .4 42.6 41.3 41.0 37 .6 37.6 37.6 42.0 39.7 48 ,0 4 2 .7AirTemp"C 27 .70 25.00 15.15 27 .00 28.10 26.85 29.80 27.80 29.40 30.00 32.50 29.20Watcr Temp "C 27.70 25.25 23.05 24.60 16.05 28.05 29.30 27.70 29.80 28.80 3 1.00 28.50

7 DO 109/I 3.970 4.390 5.305 5.850 5J25 8.965 9. 150 4.970 4 .4 10 4.973 3.813 4.042Salinity%.. 24 .92 27.25 29 .90 30.50 18.50 25.50 25 .00 20.20 9.46 10.98 IlOO 16.50p H 7 . 9 4 7 .9 5 8 . 2 1 8J5 8.29 7.9 1 7 . 2 5 7 . 1 0 7 . 1 5 7 .1 0 7 . 0 0 7.00

_-",W-,,"oo',- Tc-"'"ee',,.c"m-__ "I", l, _ -,'"2., ,7. _ ',,-I,,,.6~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~. - . . ! l : . Q . ~42 .0Inference:

A marked seasona l Ouctuation in salinity, DO, Air and wate r tempe rature was observedwhich was governed mainly by the monsoon and r iver systems flow ing in to the Bay ofBengal.

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DI SC US SIO NAlthough some of pas t works aggregated here say about micronutrients in the study areas. butthose are not useful fo r material flux study especially in line with fitt ing the results to any flux ortransport model. Data from those studies have been found u nsui table for fitting into any LO ICZrecommended box mode ls, because they we re not intended for the purpose.

Therefore. in order to bridge the gap, a gap filling study was undertaken. It involved field workand analysis. but during the design stage of the present Meghna River-estuary study programmeprobably it was nol kepI in mind to fit the results into any of such models. However. to complywith the requirements . an attempt has been made to fit the data into a simple box model. Thus inthe current year (2002-2003), the Kamaphuli River-estuary has been chosen as an ideal site, andto record data based on field work, d r a ~ i n gsamples and subsequent analyses. Two othermembers of our delegation are going to present results of these investigations in this ColomboWorkshop (9-1' December 2002). Future studies are expected to cover other estuaries of our

riverine country.

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Health Association. Washington D.C. , I 193pp .

Ali. S Sukanta. S. and Mahmood. N. 1985. Studies on the physicochemical aspects of theMoheshkhali channel. Bay of Bcngal. Dhaka Vniv. Studies. B.XXXIlI (1) ; 43 -49.

Barne s. 1-1. 1959. Apparatus and Methods of Oceanography (Che mical) .Vol. I.Lond on and N. Y"Acad. Press.34I pp.

Belaluzzaman, A.M. 1995 . Ecologyof

the intertidal Macrobenthi c Fauna inCox's

Bazar coa stalarea, Bangladesh . M.Sc Thesis. IMS. Universi ly ofChillagong. Bangladesh. 199pp.

Bendschneider, R . and Robinson, E . 1952 . Modifica tion in Spectrophotometric determination ofNit ri te-N.J Mar, Res. VoLi. 87pp.

Bhouyain , A.M . 1981. Effect of Industrial pollution (Kamafully pape r mill and kamafu lly RayonComp lex) on the b iology of the River Kamafully . MPhill t h e . ~ i s .D ~ p l .o f Zoology.University ofChillagong. Banglad esh. I 96pp.

Bhuiyan , M.A.B. 1998 . Occur rence and community structure of Molluscs with special referenceto hydrological parameters on the intertida l Seashore wate r ofCox's Bazar. M S c. Thesis.IMS . University o f Chi Itagong. 108pp.

Chowdhury, M.Z.R . 1998. Study on micronutrients and standing crop of phytoplankton in thecoastal waters of Cox's Bazar, Chittagong, Bangladesh. M.Sc. Thes is . IMS. UniversilyofChiltagong. 98pp.

Grasshoff. G. 1964 . Biological methods of Sea water analysis. 217pp.

Haq, S .M. 1968. The result of Oceanographic c ruise Z-I-1967 in the north eastern sector of the

Arabian Sea on PNS Zulfiqllar. Tech. Rep. M Bio. Series I. University o f Kara ch i Pub .Paki.\'(an. 25pp.

Iqbal, M .H. 1999. Study on water quality and some commercially important fis hes of the Rezukha l-estllary . MSc . Thesi s. IMS. University ofChiuagong. 95pp.

Jeffery, A. and Humphery. A. 1975 . A pra ctica l handbook of Sea water analysis. Bull . Fhh. Res .Bd.Com.167-31Ip .

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Mahmood. N . and Khan, Y .S.A. 1976 . PreliminarY observations on the hydrolog ical conditio nsof the Bay of Bengal of f the coast on Bangladesh, 1. Asiatic Soc. Ban gla desh (.)c.)1 2): 117-122.

Mahmood. N., Khan , Y.S.A. and Ahmed, M .K. 1976. Studies on the hydrology of the KarnaflliiEst uary. 1. Asiatic Soc. B a n g l a d e . ~ h(Sc,). 2( I ):88-99.

Mahmood, N. 1990. Study on immigration of commercially important penaeid Shrimp postlarvaein the E S l u a r i n ~area ofChakaria, Cox's Bazar , Bangladesh. PhD . th esis. Deparlment 0/Zoology. Raj s hahi University. Bill1g/adesh . 125pp.

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Mehedi, M.Y. 1994. A comparative pen-picture of Pol lution status o f the coastal belt o fBangladesh with special reference to Ha lishashar and ship breaking area, Chittagong.M.Sc. Thesis. IMS, University ojChillagong. 178pp.

Mullin , J.B. and Ril ey, J .P. 1955 . The Spectrophotometer determination o f Silicate in the naturalwater with special reference to Sea water. Analytical Chern. Acta. Vol. 12 , 464-480p.

Murphy, J . and Riley, J .P. 1961. A modified si ngle solution method for the detennination o fphosphate in natural waters. Analytica Chern. Acta . 27( 1 :31-36.

Noori , M.N. 1999. An inve stigation on seasonal variation o f micronutrients and standing crop ofPhytoplankton in nerit ic waters of the southeast coast of Banglades h. M.Sc. Thesis . IM5.University ojChinagon g. 91 pp.

Par so ns, J.D .H. and Strickland, T.R. 1968. A practical hand book of Sea water Analysis. Bull .Fish. Res. 8d. Com. 167-311 p.

Patra. R.W.R. and Azadi, M.A. 1987. Ecological stud ies on the planktonic organisms of theHalda River}. Bangladesh J.Zool. 15(2): I 09-123.

Rashid, M.M. 1999. Study on water quality and commercial ichthyofauna of the Bakkhali riverestuary, M.Sc. Thesis . IMS, University ojChillagollg. 89pp.

Richards , F.A. and Thomson, T.G. 1952 . The estimation and Characterization o f plan ktonpopulat ions by pigment analysis. 2. J. Mar . Res. Vol.l, 156- 172p.

Richards. L.A. 1954 . Diagonosi s and Improvement of Sa line and Alkaline Soils. AgricultureHand Book No .60, USA.

Strickland, J .D.H . and Parson , T.R. 1965. A Manual of Sea water analysis. Bulletin No . 125 .Fisheries Re s . Board of Canada, Ottawa .

Suess , M.J. 1982 . Exam inati on of water for pollution Control: A reference handbook . Vo1.2.Pargamon Press . 555pp.

Wahl. M .H. McKellar , H.N. and Williams, T.N. 1997. Pattern s of nutrients loading in forestedand urbanized coasta l strea ms . J. Exp . Mar . Bio. Eco. Vo1.2 I 3, 111-131 pp.

Zafar, M. , WOllrters, K. , Belaluzzaman . A.M. and Islam , I. 1999. Occurrence , abundance andspawnin g of Lingula anatina in the intertidal muddy beach o f Bankhali river estuary,Banglad esh. Pak. J. Mar. BioI . (Mar Re:J) . 5(1):41-47.

Zafar, M. and Alam , M.D. 1997 . Occurance and abundance o f Aceles Shrimps in in the KutubdiaChannel of Bangladesh Coastal water, Bangladeshi. Fish . Res., 1(2) :91-96.

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LlST OF SCIENTISTS AND OTHER PERSON ELLS INVOLVED IN RESEARCH AND

MONITOR ING OF AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT

(with their fie/II o f nter est)

In stitut e of Marine Sciences , U niver s ity ofC hitt a gong, C hitl ago ng 433 I, Bangladesh

Dr. Nu ruddin MahmoodProfesw rBiological Oceanographye-mail: nurud din @ abnetbd.com

Dr . Yu su fS ha ri f Ahmed KhanProfessorLimnology. Environmental Pollution

c-mai l: yusuf@abnetbd .comDr. Nani Gopal DasProfessorCoastal Aquacul tu rec-mai l: ngdasrq)abnetbd.com

Dr. Mohammad ZararProfessorCoastal Oceanographye-mail: vc-cu @ spnetc tg.com

Dr. M. M. MarufHossainAssociate ProfessorEcotoxico{ogye -m ai l: maruf @ ctgu.edu

Mr. S.R . ChowdhuryAssistant Profe sso rOceanography, Water Qualitye-ma il: sayeduITc hy@y ahXl .co m. [email protected]

Mr. Md . Sha hadat HossainLecturerCoastal Za ne Management & Aquac ultur ee-mail : hossainms @ yahoo.com

Mr. Md. Zahedur Rahman C ho wdhuryLecturerChemical & Biological Oceanographye-mail : zahedims @ yahoo.com

Departm e nt of Zoology, Univ e rsity of Chitta gong,Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh

Dr. M.A AzadiProfessorFishery biology. Limnologye-m a il: azadi @ spnetctg.com

Dr. M . Shah AlamProfessore-ma il : [email protected]

24

Dr. M .A.

GafurProfessorLimnologye-mail: vc-cu @s pne tctg.com

Dr . A.M . Bh ouyainPro fessorLimnologye-mail: vc-cu @s pnctctg.com

Department of Chemistry, University o f

Chittagong, C hittagong 4J J I, Bangladesh

Dr . M. l amaluddin AhmedProfessorEnvi ron men tal Chemistrye-mail: vc-cu @ spnetctg.com

Mr. M. Helaludd inLecturerMarine Chemist rye -m ail:vc -eu @ spnc lctg.eom

Department of Geography, Univer si ty ofChitta gong, Chitl.agong 43J I, B.angladesh

Dr . M. Sha hidul lslamAssociate ProfessorCo astal Environment an d dynamic s

Department of Environment, Gov!. of Bangl ades h.Now.ab Sirajdowla Road , C hittagong 4000

Mr .M.Shajahan Kha nSenio r Chemist

Mr.M. Asadul HoqueJunior Chemi st

Mr .Hasan AliJuni o r Chemist/Aquatic ecolog is t

BCS IR (B.angladesh Coun cil of Scientific an d

Indu s trial Research) Laboratories,P.O.Ca ntonm e nt . C hittagon g. Bangl.adesh

Mr . M. Billah ChowdhuryPrincipal Scientific Office re -m ail : bcsirctg @ abnetbd.com

Department of Applied Physics & Electronics,University of Rajshahi, Raj shahi , Bangladesh

Dr.Shamsuddin ShahidAssocia te Professore -m aill : sshahid @agni.com

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A Review of Research Works on Water Quality of the Lotic, Estuarine and Marine Environment in...

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