INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ROORKEE
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TRANSPORTATION
INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS CONCEPTON TO EXECUTION 2019
Surya Kant Sahdeo*, G.D. Ransinchung R.N.**, Sumit Nandi*
*Research Scholar, Transportation Engineering,
** Associate Professor, Civil Engineering Department , IIT Roorkee.
A REVIEW ON PERFORMANCE OF PERVIOUS
CONCRETE PAVEMENT INCORPORATING
DIFFERENT WASTE MATERIALS
CONTENTS
• 1 • Introduction
• 2 • Definition
• 3 • Literature Review
• 4 • Conclusions
2Concreteconstruction.org
3
WHAT IS PERVIOUS CONCRETE….??
+ +
Water
&
admixtures
Cementitious
materials
=
Pervious
concrete
3
Aggregates
Aggregate size : 4.75 – 19 mm
Cement: Ordinary Portland cement
Perviouspavement.org
4
INTRODUCTION
Solid
concrete
Pores
Tennis et al.2015Water percolation through Pervious concrete
• Sustainable pavement gaining a lot of importance for its low
impact development abilities.
• Ability to reduce the storm-water runoff problems and Urban Heat
Islands (UHI)
• Pervious concrete are the mixes consisting of 15 % to 25 %
interconnectivity between the voids.
• Contains limited or no fine aggregates providing interconnected
pore structure
Perviouspavement.org
5
Contd…
• It is also called as a no fine concrete or porous concrete or thirsty
concrete.
• This is prepared by adding combination of different size of
aggregates or similar size and solid wastes (construction waste
such as fly ash, silica fume or waste scrap rubber tire )
• This type of concrete is commonly used in low volume pavements
such as:
• Swimming pool deck
• Residential roads, alleys, and driveways
• Parking lots
• Low volume rural roads
• Pedestrians, sidewalks, Pathways
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APPLICATIONS OF PERVIOUS CONCRETE AS A
PAVING MATERIAL
Road Shoulders Low volume roads
Parking Lots
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TYPICAL CROSS SECTION OF PERVIOUS
CONCRETE
Pervious concrete produced by reducing the fines in the mix to
maintain interconnected void space and has a coarser appearance than
conventional concrete
Level subgrades, storm-
water storage is provided
in the pervious concrete
surface layer (15% to
25% voids), the sub base
(20% to 40% voids), and
above the surface to the
height of the curb (100%
voids). After: ACI 552R-
06.Tennis et al 2015
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PROBLEM STATEMENT
• Very Limited research available that
investigates the performance of pervious
concrete incorporating different waste
materials.
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NEED OF THE STUDY
• Solve the drainage problem in urban area
• Increase the strength of porous pavement without compromising the
permeability of pavement
• Solve the clogging issue, which affects the service life of the pavement.
• Study the life cycle cost analysis of pervious pavement
• There is a need to design the guidelines and standard test methods for porous
pavement ( There is no code available for design criteria of PC)
Figure source: Perviouspavement.org
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YEAR STUDY PARAMETER SIGNIFICANT FINDINGS INVESTIGATORS
2009
Engineering properties of
pervious concrete by
substituting the cement in
different proportions like 20%
and 50% of fly ash
The compressive strength of pervious
concrete containing fly-ash decreases with an
increase of fly ash content. When fly ash
content is reaches up to 20% replacement
level in pervious concrete, the permeability
decreases, but later when fly ash content
reaches to 50%, permeability increases
which is nearly similar to conventional P.C
with no fine aggregates.
Yukari et al.
2010 Pervious Concrete containing
2% and 32% fly ash content
replacing proportion of
cement.
It was concluded that using 2% fly ash
pervious concrete can acquire better
compressive strength as compared to that of
using 32% fly ash in pervious concrete
replacing cement. Further, concluded that for
long term structural strength increment of
pervious concrete fly ash is necessary.
Jin et al.
LITERATURE REVIEW FLY-ASH
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YEAR STUDY PARAMETER SIGNIFICANT FINDINGS INVESTIGAT
ORS
2012
Mechanical properties such as the
compressive strength of the
pervious concrete mixture at the
curing age of 7 and 28 days.
It was noted that with the increased age compressive
strength of the pervious concrete increases. The
pervious concrete containing 20% fly-ash showed
an increase of 30% in the compressive strength
while 50% replacement showed 50% increase.
FIGURE 1
Aoki et al.
2017
Investigate the effect of variation
of cement content by replacement
of cement by 10 and 20% of fly
ash, partial replacement of coarse
aggregate by fine aggregates
(ranging from 5 to 15%) with the
addition of plasticizer on the
characteristics of pervious
concrete.
Incorporation of fly ash has the effect of reduction in
total voids in fly ash–cement pervious concretes. It
is seen that reduction in total void reduces the sand
blasting abrasion loss in pervious cement concrete
and fly ash cement concrete.
Replacement of cement by fly ash (up to 20%) has
reduced the compressive strength marginally,
whereas, addition of fine aggregates (5–15%) has
increased the above strength ranging from
“marginal” to “high
FIGURE 2
Muthaiyan et al
LITERATURE REVIEW
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YEAR STUDY PARAMETER SIGNIFICANT FINDINGS INVESTIGATORS
2017 Pervious concrete mixtures
containing fly ash and nano-
materials, and compressive
strength, physical durability,
permeability, water quality
performance and production
cost.
Fly ash- and nanomaterial-added pervious
concrete mixtures were tested.
It was more stronger and more durable, but the
nanomaterial-added Pervious concretes were
more costly.
All the Pervious concretes were good at the
removal of fecal coliform and phosphate.
Pervious concretes needs to be selected
depending on the application purpose and other
factors.
Valerie Lopez-
Carrasquillo
et al
2017
Fal-G Binder Pervious
Concrete. Physical, mechanical
properties
Compressive strength and split tensile strength
increased with decrease in porosity.
K.S. Elango
et al
LITERATURE REVIEW
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FIGURE 1: Effect of age and fly ash content
on compressive strength (Aoki et al. (2012)
FIGURE 2: Effect of total void on the compressive strength of pervious fly ash–cement concretes (10%
fly ash replacement).
Effect of total void on the compressive strength of pervious fly ash–cement concretes (20% fly ash
replacement). (Muthiyan et al. 2017)
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YEAR STUDY PARAMETER SIGNIFICANT FINDINGS INVESTIGATORS
2001 Inclusion of 8-12% of Silica fumes,
the optimum compressive strength
and permeability values of pervious
concrete are obtained.
Silica fumes are suited for in-situ production of
pervious concrete. Better mechanical properties
and water absorptions were achieved as compared
to normal conventional cement.
Khan et al.
2002 Enhancement of compressive
strength significantly with
increasing silica content in the
mixture.
Compressive strength and split tensile strength of
pervious concrete mixtures incorporating silica
fumes increases with decrease in porosity.
Yang et al.
2009 Pervious concrete pavement
incorporating silica fumes to
alleviate pavement runoff and
improve permeability
When silica fume content was 8%, the rate of
drainage of the pervious concrete reduced
significantly. But it was also noted that as the %
inclusion of Silica fumes reaches to 8-12% , the
reduction in rate of drainage didn’t stop. But when
the silica fume content increases the limit i.e more
than 12%, the permeability is marginal and in
some cases it increases for water to cement ratio.
Sang et al.
SILICA FUMELITERATURE REVIEW
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YEAR STUDY PARAMETER SIGNIFICANT FINDINGS INVESTIGATORS
2018 Effect of silica fume replacement for
cement on the compressive strength
of Pervious concrete mixture,
Also the effect of aggregate size in
the gradation.
SF can be used as a partial replacement for
cement that will eventually reduce carbon
dioxide emissions from cement production.
The inclusions SF in the PC enhanced the
compressive strength and abrasion
resistance compared to the control
unmodified PC specimens
Biligiri et al.
LITERATURE REVIEW
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FIGURE 3:
Effect of Silica Fumes on compressive strength of PC mixtures. (Biligiri et al. (2018)
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YEAR STUDY PARAMETER SIGNIFICANT FINDINGS INVESTIGATORS
2004
Tire chips were used as a full
replacement of natural coarse
aggregates
Rubberized pervious concretes were produced
with incorporation of Tire chips with full
replacement of natural coarse aggregates. There
was sufficient reduction in compressive strength
and density. It was also recommended to use this
types of waste incorporated mixtures in curbs,
shoulders, pedestrians etc.
Tennis et al.
2014
Different properties of Pervious
concrete using waste tire rubbers
were used with three different
type rubbers type : very fine,
fines and coarse. ( also,
Abrasion and freezing–thawing
resistance)
Rubberized pervious concretes were produced.
Fine and coarse aggregates were replaced with
crump rubber and tire chips. Using rubber
remarkably improved frost resistance of
pervious concretes.
Performance of rubberized pervious concretes
was better.
Positive effect of waste rubber was more
indicative with small particle size.
FIGURE 4
Gesoglu et al
LITERATURE REVIEW WASTE RUBBER TIRE
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YEAR STUDY PARAMETER SIGNIFICANT FINDINGS INVESTIGATORS
2018 Investigate the hydrological, functional,
and structural characteristics of 21
pervious concrete mixtures
encompassing of crumb rubber (CR)
The inclusions of CR and SF in the PC
enhanced the compressive strength and
abrasion resistance compared to the
control unmodified PC specimens.
However, CR-modified PC showed
reduced permeability because of a
decrease in the porosity.
the study results did not reach any
optimum values of CR
Biligiri et al.
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Figure 4: “Compressive strength of pervious concretes vs rubber content”. (Gesoglu
et al 2014)
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• Density and void content : ASTM C1754-12.
• Water permeability : Falling-head permeability
• Compressive strength test : ASTM C39 -17
• Splitting tensile strength : ASTM C496 -11
• Flexural strength : ASTM C293-16.
Figure 5: Falling Head Permeablity Testa = area of pipe in mm2,
L and A = length and area of specimen in mm, mm2,
t = time in seconds from ho to h1,
ho = initial water level in mm, and
h1 = final water level in mm.
GENERAL TESTS REVIEWED
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CONCLUSIONS
• Pervious concrete mix is a very promising candidate for its
sustainable environmental impacts in future if mechanistic based
design procedures are developed.
• Permeability and strength of porous concrete can changes with
various replacements like Fly Ash, Silica Fumes and Waste Scrap
Rubber tires etc.
• Till now due to low strength it’s not used for High volume roads.
• It can be studied more to improved its strength from Low volume
roads to atleast medium volume roads.
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FUTURE WORKS
• Development of laboratory-to-field correlations in terms of unit
weight, compaction effort, porosity, curing, and fatigue.
• Mix design specifications and testing methods.
• Literature review on thermo physical properties of pervious
concrete pavements.
• Life cycle costs analysis.
• Applicability for higher category of roads.
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REFERENCES
• ASTM, Standard test method for density and void content of hardened pervious concrete.
ASTM C1754-12, American Society for Testing and Materials International, West
Conshohocken, PA, USA, 2012.
• ASTM, Standard Test Method for Determining Potential Resistance to Degradation of
Pervious Concrete by Impact and Abrasion. ASTM C1747-13, American Society for
Testing and Materials International, West Conshohocken, PA, USA, 2013.
• ASTM, Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete
Specimens. ASTM C39/C39M-14, American Society for Testing and Materials
International, West Conshohocken, PA, USA, 2014.
• E. Khankhaje, M.W. Hussin, J. Mirza, M. Rafieizonooz, M.R. Salim, Properties of
sustainable lightweight pervious concrete containing oil palm kernel shell as coarse
aggregate 2016.
• Tennis, P., Leming. M., Akers, D., Pervious concrete pavements. Skokie, IL: Portland
Cement Association; 2004.
• Ghafoori, N., Dutta, S., Building And Non pavement Applications Of No-Fines Concrete.
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, Vol. 7, No.4, November, 1995.
• Katkhuda, H., Shatarat, N. and Hyari, K. (2017), “Effect of using recycled coarse
aggregate and recycled asphalt pavement on the properties of pervious concrete ”, Struct.
Eng. Mech., 62(3), 357-364.
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THANK YOU
