A Road Map for the Metering:

The Way Forward

P.K. Kognolkar

C P R I

CENTRAL POWER RESEARCH INSTITUTECENTRAL POWER RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Topics covered� History Electricity meter� Static Meters� Automatic Meter Reading (AMR) systems� Beyond AMR – AMI/AMM/Smart Metering � Standardization issues� Present status� Conclusion� CPRI’s activities in AMR

Brief History� The metering concept started from the day one of using

electricity- as any thing in business is to be quantified with quality and sold – dates back to 1870.

� 1885:Galileo Ferraris makes a key discovery that two out of phase AC fields can make a solid armature rotate - development of induction-type motors & watt-hour meters.

� Continuous improvement in electromechanical meters –single phase and polyphase till late 1980

Brief History (contd.)

� 1970 – Introduction of static meters – small scale � 1980 - Hybrid meters – electronic registers with

induction type meters and electronic meters with mechanical registers – large scale deployment.

� Unbundling of electricity business lead to new requirements in metering philosophy

� Today's scenario – Prepayment /AMR/AMI/Smart meter/Cluster/pole-mounted meters …..

Contemporary Metering Philosophy –Static meters

� Grid meters / Interface meters / boundary meters (bank meters)

� Consumer meters – Agricultural / Industrial / Commercial / Residential / Public utilities / subsidized service connection users

� Feeder meters / Distribution transformer metering� Metering data – for various stack holders and for various

purposes.

State of art Energy Meters with AutomaticMeter Reading system& backend I.T. support can provideall these information.

SystemMaintenance

Customer Billing

EnergyAccounting

Disconnections& Reconnections

Tariffdesign

SystemLosses

RevenueProtection

LoadControl

DistributionAutomation

LoadForecasting

CustomerComplaints

PowerQuality

Transfers &Vacancies

ManagingCredit

CollectingCash

SystemOperation

SystemExpansion

What a DistributionUtility does

MeteringInformation

Information We Can Get

From Intelligent Metering

Necessity to Automate Meter Reading

• To generate online data base – can be used for different application apart from billing – e.g. Load profile, network expansion etc.

• For better relationship between utilities (Electricity provider) and Electricity Consumers.

• Utilities get better control and monitoring of electricity consumption.

• Tariff – open plan – (Metering tariff similar to Telecommunication sector)

• Methodology oriented towards use of available infrastructure & technology.

AMR / AMI / Smart Metering / AMM

� AMR (Automatic Meter Reading) – Capturing meter data electronically (local / remote) and transferring to billing centers.

� AMI (Advanced Metering Infrastructure) – Collecting as much as details of consumer loads (load profile), process and present relevant data & statistics to relevant users (billing, planning, vigilance, regulatory, consumer, executive management, energy audit /account group etc) – Software centric.

� Smart Metering – AMI + (Demand Side) control (consumer / utility or both)

� AMM (Automated Meter Management ) – Generic

European Smart Metering Alliance (ESMA) Definition of Smart Metering• Smart metering has the following features:– Automatic processing, transfer, management and utilisation of

metering data– Automatic management of meters– 2 way data communication with meters– Provides meaningful and timely consumption informat ion

to the relevant actors and their systems, including theenergy consumer

– Supports services that improve the energy efficienc y of theenergy consumption and the energy system (generatio n, transmission, distribution and especially end use)

(Source : www.esma-home.eu)

� Points to be considered while preparing technical Specifications for AMR / AMI

� Meter Requirements � Various communication options � Data Concentrators / Repeaters (not applicable for all

designs) � Billing centre / Energy management Centre – Software

functionality requirements and scalability� Utility's existing communication and IT infrastructure

Communication Technologies

� GSM / GPRS/ CDMA – for industrial consumers

� PLC / PSTN / RF – for commercial consumers � PLC / RF – for residential / streetlight and public

utilities

� GSM / GPRS/CDMA/ PSTN /VSAT – for Distribution Transformer & Feeder metering (through existing SCADA network if present)

What we get from well designed AMR / AMI / AMM / Smart Metering system

� Efficient utilization of energy� Energy consumption pattern to consumer� Flexible tariff – real time pricing� Home networking and Demand response

� Better distribution network utilization� Accurate real time load data and energy audit� Control in real time to an emerging trend

� Improved outage control and faster restoration

� Improved revenue�Detect and control pilferages�Disconnect service remotely to defaulters

� CDM – can be considered probably- pass on CO2 credit benefits to consumers – incentives to consumers

� Value added service� In home display with energy concise messages and

advertisement related to energy efficiency / electric appliances

�Home networking and broadband service�Bill payment through in home display / broadband

network

Contd.

Why Immediate Attention?� Meter data is becoming vital part in deciding many of

the performance and planning parameters of utilities. � Many of utilities are looking for automation to

manage huge amount useful data generated from meters and other sources of grid/network.

� AMR is becoming part of DA/DSM/SCADA leading to AMI / Smart metering solution.

� AMR / AMI is becoming best tool to check AT & C losses and control / detect pilferages.

Implementation Phases

� Interface & Feeder meters (mostly along with integrated SCADA)

� HT consumers (Industrial & Commercial)

� Distribution Transformers (DTs)� LT consumers (commercial and domestic)

� All other categories (100% metering, 100% AMR)

Interoperability� Different user groups and applications require different sets

of data from meter data bank.� A simple application may require merely a daily consumption

for simple billing and pilferages monitoring (ex. residential).� Planning wing of a utility may require load profile data for a

typical industrial / commercial area to make decision for load splitting or for enhancing capacity of transformers.

� This calls for standardized open protocol for accessing required / selective meter data for each type of user in a more efficient, secured and reliable way.

Standardization Issues

� Huge installed base of meters are having different protocols (standard / proprietary)

� Existing optical port of meters are deigned for local reading – now extending for AMR

� Present requirements and all demanding applications can not be retrofitted economically.

� At present there is no unique International product standard for AMR.

� Few countries are already having their own National specific AMR standards (e.g. China).

� However many National and International bodies / organisations are working on standardization.

Indian Scenario � Generic standard for AMR is available (adopted from

relevant IEC standards) – IS 14451 (part 1 & 2): 199 9 (Reaffirmed 2004) - Telemetering for Consumption and demands.

� This standard refers a few of following cross references for type test requirements of AMR systems and meters� IS 1766: 1998 - Time Switches for Metering and Load

control.

� IS 13779: 1999 - AC Static Watt-hour Meters, Class 1 & 2 - Specification.

� IS 14697:1999 - AC Static Transformer operated watt-hour and VAr -hour Meters, Class 0.2 S and 0.5 S -Specifications.

� IS 15707:2006 Testing, Evaluation, Installation and Maintenance of AC electricity meters - Code of practice.

� CBIP TR No. 88: 1999 – Specifications for AC Static Electrical Energy meters

� ( + cross references within above all standards)� Apart from above, specific communication protocol

tests are required – like IEC 62056 (DLMS /COSEM).

(contd.)

IEC 62056 (dlms) FEATURES

Meter Protocol standard

OPEN STANDARDMULTI ENERGYMULTI MEDIUMSELECTIVE ACCEESSINTEROPERABLECONFORMANCE TEST TOOL

ADOPTED BY IEC AND CEN

INSTANTANEOUS VALUESPROFILESTARIFF READINGSPOWER QUALITY PARAMETERSAND OTHERS

OBJECT MODELLING - COmpanion Specification for Energy Metering [COSEM]

DATA IDENTIFICATION – Object Identification System [OBIS]

Future Meters - Vision

45.00

07.00

35.25

230V

11kV/440V

SS 33/11kV

Billing Server / EMS

DISCOM – HQMIS

Pole mounted Cluster AMR meter cubicles

Local Intelligent Meter Display Unit

Internet

� To have a similar growth as in Telecom, in power sector, any meter of any make shall be securely accessible for any authentic application from anywhere.

� Need for Seamless Connectivity� For any AMR system, mix up of different communication

technology is required for end to end complete solution.� The communication technology for different levels of AMR

systems are to be decided based on existing communication infrastructures of utility, cost, purpose of AMR (billing, load profile, valued added services, outage management etc) and ease of installation.

Conclusion

� Integrated AMR enabled meters reduces cost� Modem cost is falling & further reduction in

overall cost is possible in near future due to massive deployment of AMR systems by utilities.

� Selection of appropriate communication medium also plays vital role in determining cost & reliability of AMR.

Conclusion (Contd.)

Conclusion (Contd.)

� Utilities get online data regarding energy consumption, generation, loss and revenue.

� Energy theft can be minimized and defaulters can be penalized by disconnecting the supply remotely.

� Value added services can be introduces by utilities.� Increases energy conservation awareness in consumers � Open protocol implementation simplifies integration of meter

network to ERP / SCADA system of utility.

� Offer consultancy in building AMR / AMI systems and testing & evaluation of AMR / AMI systems.

� AMR / AMI Feasibility studies.� Technology & product assessments including

communications technologies.� Conformance test tool for IEC 62056 / DLMS and modbus

compliant meters and developmental assistance. � Collaborative work in development / standardization of

product, evaluation & testing of product and commercial / pilot scale deployment.

CPRI’s Services in AMR / AMI

pkog@cpri.inpkog@cpri.inpkog@cpri.inpkog@cpri.in; ; ; ; shiva@cpri.inshiva@cpri.inshiva@cpri.inshiva@cpri.in