A Road to RevolutionA Road to Revolution

Chapter 5Chapter 5

IntroIntro

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Trouble on the Frontier Trouble on the Frontier

In the middle of the In the middle of the 1700’s, France and 1700’s, France and England were England were competing for competing for control of land in control of land in North AmericaNorth America

The French got along The French got along well with the Natives, well with the Natives, but the British stole but the British stole

land from them.land from them.

Trouble on the Frontier Trouble on the Frontier

In 1753, the French In 1753, the French began to build forts began to build forts in “British” landin “British” land

George Washington George Washington was sent with the was sent with the militia to warn the militia to warn the French not to try to French not to try to take the landtake the land

One year later, One year later, Washington returned Washington returned to the site of the Ohio to the site of the Ohio River to build a fortRiver to build a fort

Trouble on the Frontier Trouble on the Frontier He was too late, the He was too late, the

French had already French had already build Fort Duquesnebuild Fort Duquesne

Washington built Fort Washington built Fort Necessity 50 miles Necessity 50 miles awayaway

Eventually Eventually Washington was Washington was forced to surrender forced to surrender Fort Necessity. Fort Necessity.

Trouble on the Frontier Trouble on the Frontier There was a meeting There was a meeting

of the colonial leaders of the colonial leaders in Albany, New Yorkin Albany, New York

They wanted to agree They wanted to agree to defend themselves to defend themselves togethertogether

They also invited the They also invited the Iroquois because they Iroquois because they wanted to make an wanted to make an alliancealliance The Natives wouldn’t The Natives wouldn’t

make onemake one To show the necessity To show the necessity

for unity, Join or Die for unity, Join or Die was printed by was printed by Benjamin FranklinBenjamin Franklin

Trouble on the Frontier Trouble on the Frontier

The Albany Plan of The Albany Plan of UnionUnion

Council of Council of Representatives Representatives used to organize used to organize armies and collect armies and collect taxestaxes

This was rejected by This was rejected by the coloniesthe colonies

Trouble on the Frontier Trouble on the Frontier The British plan was The British plan was

to push the French to push the French out of the Ohio River out of the Ohio River ValleyValley

General Edward General Edward Braddock had orders Braddock had orders to capture Fort to capture Fort DuquesneDuquesne He did not He did not

understand understand American fighting American fighting tactics and half of tactics and half of his men were killed his men were killed in an ambushin an ambush

The British also lost The British also lost at Fort Niagara and at Fort Niagara and near Lake Georgenear Lake George

Trouble on the Frontier Trouble on the Frontier May 1756, the British May 1756, the British

declared war on the declared war on the French, starting the 7 French, starting the 7 Years War (The French Years War (The French and Indian War)and Indian War)

In 1757, The luck of the In 1757, The luck of the British changedBritish changed

General James Wolfe led General James Wolfe led the British to many the British to many victories including victories including Louisbourg and PittsburghLouisbourg and Pittsburgh

At the Battle of Quebec, At the Battle of Quebec, Wolfe led the British at Wolfe led the British at night on a small trail that night on a small trail that allowed them to climb allowed them to climb cliffs into the citycliffs into the city

They Defeated the FrenchThey Defeated the French

Trouble on the Frontier Trouble on the Frontier

February 1763, February 1763, Britain and France Britain and France signed the treaty of signed the treaty of Paris ending the Paris ending the WarWar

The French The French surrenderedsurrendered

The Colonists resist tighter control The Colonists resist tighter control

Because of the war, Because of the war, the British controlled the British controlled almost all the almost all the territory east of the territory east of the MississippiMississippi

Fighting with the Fighting with the natives began after natives began after the French and the French and Indian war endedIndian war ended

The Colonists resist tighter control The Colonists resist tighter control

May 1763, Pontiac, May 1763, Pontiac, leader of the Ottawa leader of the Ottawa nation and his allies nation and his allies attacked British forts attacked British forts in the areain the area

Many British and Many British and Natives were killedNatives were killed

The British defeated The British defeated the natives by Augustthe natives by August

The Colonists resist tighter control The Colonists resist tighter control

Proclamation of Proclamation of 1763 was issued by 1763 was issued by the British the British governmentgovernment

It banned colonial It banned colonial settlement west of settlement west of the Appalachian the Appalachian MountainsMountains

This was widely This was widely ignored and ignored and impossible to enforceimpossible to enforce

The Colonists resist tighter control The Colonists resist tighter control

Although the 13 Although the 13 colonies were colonies were divided, they saw divided, they saw themselves as themselves as separate from the separate from the British in BritainBritish in Britain

The British thought The British thought the colonists should the colonists should pay part of the debt pay part of the debt from the warfrom the war

1764-The Sugar Act1764-The Sugar Act Parliament put a duty Parliament put a duty

on products such as on products such as molasses and sugar molasses and sugar productsproducts

The Colonists resist tighter control The Colonists resist tighter control

1765-Parliament 1765-Parliament passed the passed the Quartering ActQuartering Act

This act said that the This act said that the colonists would have colonists would have to house British to house British troops to provide troops to provide them with food, water them with food, water and suppliesand supplies

The colonists The colonists complained complained Parliament was Parliament was violating their rightsviolating their rights

The Colonists resist tighter control The Colonists resist tighter control 1765-The Stamp Act required 1765-The Stamp Act required

a special tax on many types of a special tax on many types of products including products including newspapers, wills, licenses, newspapers, wills, licenses, insurance policies, land titles, insurance policies, land titles, contracts and dicecontracts and dice

This was protested-The House This was protested-The House of Burgesses claimed it was the of Burgesses claimed it was the only one who could tax the only one who could tax the colonistscolonists

Merchants in New York, Boston Merchants in New York, Boston and Philadelphia organized a and Philadelphia organized a boycottboycott

In October 1765- 9 colonies met In October 1765- 9 colonies met in New York for a Stamp Act in New York for a Stamp Act Congress to petition the king to Congress to petition the king to end the Stamp and Sugar Actend the Stamp and Sugar Act

The Colonists resist tighter control The Colonists resist tighter control

1766-Colonist 1766-Colonist protests worked and protests worked and Parliament repealed Parliament repealed the Stamp Actthe Stamp Act

They passed thee They passed thee Declaratory Act Declaratory Act which said which said Parliament has total Parliament has total authority over the authority over the coloniescolonies

The Colonists resist tighter control The Colonists resist tighter control The Townshend The Townshend

Acts set up a Acts set up a system to system to enforce new enforce new import taxesimport taxes

Customs officers Customs officers could use Writs could use Writs of Assistanceof Assistance

Colonists Colonists boycotted goods boycotted goods and in 1770, the and in 1770, the Townshend Acts Townshend Acts were repealed were repealed except for the tax except for the tax on Teaon Tea

The Colonists resist tighter controlThe Colonists resist tighter control On the same day as the On the same day as the

repeal, workers and repeal, workers and sailors surrounded sailors surrounded soldiers.soldiers.

The colonists threw The colonists threw snowballs and rocks at snowballs and rocks at the soldiersthe soldiers

The soldiers fired into The soldiers fired into the crowd, killed 5 and the crowd, killed 5 and wounded 6wounded 6

Crispus Attucks was Crispus Attucks was the first to diethe first to die

This was called the This was called the Boston MassacreBoston Massacre

The Colonists resist tighter control The Colonists resist tighter control

The 9 soldiers were The 9 soldiers were put on trial for murder put on trial for murder and defended by and defended by John AdamsJohn Adams Two soldiers were Two soldiers were

convicted-Their convicted-Their punishment was punishment was having their thumbs having their thumbs brandedbranded

The Colonists resist tighter control The Colonists resist tighter control

The Committee of The Committee of Correspondence Correspondence was set up by was set up by Samuel Adams and Samuel Adams and was used to keep was used to keep the colonists the colonists informed of British informed of British actionsactions

There were letters There were letters and pamphlets and pamphlets printedprinted

From Protest to Rebellion From Protest to Rebellion In 1773, Parliament In 1773, Parliament

passed the Tea Actpassed the Tea Act The British wanted to The British wanted to

help the British East help the British East India CompanyIndia Company

This lowered the This lowered the price of tea by direct price of tea by direct shipments to the shipments to the coloniescolonies

Colonists did not like Colonists did not like this because they this because they could only get tea could only get tea from this company from this company and not from and not from individual merchantsindividual merchants

From Protest to Rebellion From Protest to Rebellion Colonists called the Colonists called the

Sons of Liberty Sons of Liberty threatened ship threatened ship captains who were captains who were bringing in teabringing in tea

Tea was only unloaded in Tea was only unloaded in Boston on December 16, Boston on December 16, 1773, a large group of 1773, a large group of men crowded in the men crowded in the harbor, they were harbor, they were disguised as Indians, disguised as Indians, boarded the ship and boarded the ship and threw 342 cases of tea threw 342 cases of tea into the harborinto the harbor

This was the Boston Tea This was the Boston Tea PartyParty

From Protest to Rebellion From Protest to Rebellion This outraged the This outraged the

British governmentBritish government As a response, As a response,

Parliament passed four Parliament passed four laws the colonists laws the colonists called the Intolerable called the Intolerable ActsActs They closed the port They closed the port

of Bostonof Boston Increased the royal Increased the royal

governor power, cut governor power, cut town meetings and town meetings and abolished abolished Massachusetts Massachusetts LegislatureLegislature

Tried the murder of Tried the murder of officials in Britainofficials in Britain

Strengthened the Strengthened the Quartering Act of 1765Quartering Act of 1765

From Protest to Rebellion From Protest to Rebellion The Quebec Act set up a The Quebec Act set up a

government in the government in the territories won from Franceterritories won from France

Americans reacted by Americans reacted by helping the people of helping the people of BostonBoston

They sent food and They sent food and suppliessupplies

The Committee of The Committee of Correspondence Correspondence organized the first organized the first Continental Congress in Continental Congress in Philadelphia in September Philadelphia in September and October of 1774and October of 1774 12 out of 13 colonies set 12 out of 13 colonies set

delegates, all except for delegates, all except for GeorgiaGeorgia

From Protest to Rebellion From Protest to Rebellion Congress demanded Congress demanded

a repeal of the a repeal of the Intolerable acts and Intolerable acts and declared the colonies declared the colonies had a right to tax and had a right to tax and govern themselvesgovern themselves Began the training Began the training

of militiasof militias Started a new Started a new

boycott of British boycott of British goodsgoods

From Protest to Rebellion From Protest to Rebellion Parliament would not Parliament would not

meet the demandsmeet the demands In the meantime, In the meantime,

colonists began to arm colonists began to arm militias and minutemenmilitias and minutemen

In April 1775, the In April 1775, the Governor of Governor of Massachusetts found Massachusetts found out the minutemen out the minutemen were storing goods at were storing goods at ConcordConcord He sent 700 troops to He sent 700 troops to

seize arms and seize arms and leadersleaders

Paul Revere and Paul Revere and William Dawes let William Dawes let people knowpeople know

From Protest to Rebellion From Protest to Rebellion Five miles away at Five miles away at

Lexington, minutemen Lexington, minutemen were waiting for the were waiting for the BritishBritish

When confronted, When confronted, someone shot a gun, someone shot a gun, this was the “Shot this was the “Shot heard round the world.”heard round the world.”

At Concord, 400 At Concord, 400 minutemen fought the minutemen fought the BritishBritish

About 300 British About 300 British Redcoats had been Redcoats had been killed/woundedkilled/wounded

The War Begins The War Begins

After Lexington and After Lexington and Concord the Second Concord the Second Continental Continental Congress met in Congress met in Philadelphia in May Philadelphia in May 17751775

They chose George They chose George Washington to be the Washington to be the Commander of the Commander of the Continental armyContinental army

They began to print They began to print their own moneytheir own money

The War Begins The War Begins

By 1775, Colonists By 1775, Colonists were splitwere split

People who wanted People who wanted independence were independence were PatriotsPatriots

1/3 of colonist 1/3 of colonist remained loyal to the remained loyal to the King and were King and were loyalistsloyalists

Loyalists came from Loyalists came from all colonies but were all colonies but were the minoritythe minority

Patriots gained control Patriots gained control of the governmentof the government

The War Begins The War Begins

Many slaves sided Many slaves sided with the British with the British because they because they thought they could thought they could win their freedomwin their freedom

Many loyalists moved Many loyalists moved to Canadato Canada

The War Begins The War Begins The Second Continental The Second Continental

Congress began to Congress began to petition the Kingpetition the King

The Olive Branch The Olive Branch PetitionPetition Said the colonists Said the colonists

were loyal to the King were loyal to the King and asked the king to and asked the king to stop the disputesstop the disputes

May 10, 1775, colonists May 10, 1775, colonists attacked Ft. Ticonderogaattacked Ft. Ticonderoga

Led by Ethan Allen and Led by Ethan Allen and the “Green Mountain the “Green Mountain Boys” surprised the Boys” surprised the BritishBritish

The British surrendered The British surrendered valuable weapons valuable weapons including cannonsincluding cannons

The War Begins The War Begins American farmers and American farmers and

workers surrounded Boston workers surrounded Boston as soldiersas soldiers

British general William Howe British general William Howe decided to attack Breed’s Hilldecided to attack Breed’s Hill

Americans did not have Americans did not have much Ammo so they waited much Ammo so they waited until the British were 150 feet until the British were 150 feet awayaway

The British attacked three The British attacked three different times before they different times before they succeededsucceeded

This was called the Battle of This was called the Battle of Bunker Hill and Americans Bunker Hill and Americans proved they could stand up proved they could stand up to the British.to the British.

The War Begins The War Begins George Washington George Washington

used cannons to used cannons to force the British out force the British out of Bostonof Boston

The British ended up The British ended up blockading American blockading American portsports

They hired They hired mercenaries to help mercenaries to help their armytheir army

In December 1775, In December 1775, Americans attacked Americans attacked Quebec and were Quebec and were turned back. turned back.

ConclusionConclusion

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