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A Scenario of Mobile Communications in
hazardous situations and physical disasters
by
Mr. Alexander Soulahakis
Supervisor
Prof. Madjid Merabti
Overview
Objectives• Scenario• Theory GSM• Design Decisions• 802.11 Wireless Lan• SMS without
network support• Experiment – Phases• Conclusions
•Papers
•Standards
•Books
•Books Wireless Lan
•Books GSM
•Mobile Radio Networks
•Caution Project
•Tools / Simulator Manuals
Literature Review
Objective of the project
• The scope of the project is an alternative way of GSM communications, by proposing Ad hoc networking and 802.11 as a suitable communication mean.
• Transmit SMS over 802.11
• Receive SMS on GSM device through 802.11
Scenario
• September 11th 2002New York WTC attack
• September 7th 1999Athens Earthquake
In both situations mobile communications were not available as the networks were overloaded by 400-500%
Scenario
Network
Subscriber
Network
Subscriber
Normal Network Operation
Overloaded Network Operation
Scenario
Network
Subscriber
Network
Subscriber
Normal Network Operation
Overloaded Network Operation
Scenario
Network
Subscriber
Network
Subscriber
Normal Network Operation
Overloaded Network Operation
Scenario
Network
Subscriber
Network
Subscriber
Normal Network Operation
Overloaded Network Operation
Scenario
Network
Subscriber
Network
Subscriber
Normal Network Operation
Overloaded Network Operation
Scenario
Network
Subscriber
Network
Subscriber
Normal Network Operation
Overloaded Network Operation
BOOM !!!
Scenario
Network
Subscriber
Overloaded Network Operation
•Overload
•Congestion
Companies assume that only a fraction of their Subscribers will call simultaneously
•Normal operation•Peak times•Occasionally
GSM •Blocks outgoing calls•Interrupts incoming calls•VERIZON – Mobile Cells - Router
CASES•Wired Network Destroyed•Wireless Network Destroyed
•Partial Failure•Complete Failure
Techniques for avoiding congestionSectorizationStatistics- Modelling – Increase BandwidthCaution AI
Theory GSM
• Basic Model
MSC
BSC
BSC
BSC
MH
BTS
BTS
BTS
BTS
BTSMH
MH
MH
MHPSTN
•Authentication•Localization•Call Handling•SMS Management•Connects to PSTN
Mobile HostCELL
PSTN
DESIGN DESICIONSGSM
•Transceiver•GSM probes only CELL site• Mobile phone cannot communicate direct with other mobile phones•Changing software of the mobile device :
REPROGRAM GSM DEVICE
HARDAWARE CHANGES FOR
DIRECT COMMUNICATION
WITH OTHER MOBILES
CHANGE BASIC TUNING SYSTEM -
MODULATION
CHANGE BTS SOFTWARE IN
ORDER TO COMMUNICATE WITH MOBILES
CHANE GSM SOFTWARE IN MSC
STANDIRIZE NEW PROTOCOL
ALL VENDORS MUST AGREE TO NEW STANDARD
OLD MOBILES MUST BE SUBSTITUTED WITH NEW ONES
DESIGN DESICIONSBLUETOOTH
•Up too 8 users•Connection through piconents will be slow•Range is 100 -200 meters•Rooting ?
Class 3 - 1 mW (0dBm) with a 'typical range' of 10mClass 2 - 2.5 mW (4dBm) with a 'typical range' of 20m
Class 1 - 100 mW (20dBm) with a 'typical range' of 100m Link data rate - a maximum link baseband data rate of 723.2 kb/
802.11 Wireless Lan
Stations can communicate among each other (Ad hoc Mode) or with stations beyond their direct communication range with the support of an infrastructure (Infrastructure Mode).
•Ad Hoc Capabilities•Support Infrastructure•Privacy•Transparency
‘Infrastructure' mode, a communication method that requires a wireless access point.
(802.11b) may communicate with each other without a wireless access point –'Ad Hoc' mode
802.11 Wireless Lan
Two of the advantages of the standard are the following: It provides privacy of user information The services are compatible with ad hoc and infrastructure service. For current scenario the transfer rate will be used is 1Mbit/second though 802.11 specification allows up to 54Mbits/second. Its frequency bands are 902-928 MHz, 2400-2483.5 MHz and 5725-5850 MHz. A great issue is that a mobile station is able to communicate with any other mobile or wired station transparently, which means that above the MAC layer 802,11 appears like any other 802.x LAN and offers comparable services.
Power Consumption
• Atheros AR5004 chipsets also improve power consumption by 60% over 802.11b chipsets. The chipsets enable a multi-phase approach to signal processing that dramatically extends the battery life of mobile devices. The new design controls the power of different sections of the wireless device according to the level of system and network activity.
http://www.atheros.com/pt/index.html
SMS without network support
GSM PHONE
802.11
No network support
· SMS· IMEI· Phone number
SIM
DISPLAY
802.11
GSM PHONE
802.11
Experiment - Phases
GSM PHONE
802.11
GSM PHONE
PDA WITH 802.11
Phase 1 Implementation on 802.11
Phase 2 Bridge GSM Device with 802.11
Current Status
Experimental PhasePhase 1 • Implementation on 802.11
Phase 2 • Bridge GSM Device with 802.11
Phase 3• Testing
Decision •Libraries •Software •Simulation•Equipment
Conclusions
• Bridge GSM -802.11
• Send SMS without network support through 802.11 (ad hoc mode)
• Send FREE SMS through 802.11 to other users