A Silver Spoon

8/10/2019 A Silver Spoon

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Annu.Rev.Physiol.1987.49:11

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nn e g nn ee n g ee

A SILVER SPOON

J nhim

Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Harvard Medical School ShauckSree oson Massachuses

An nvtation to write the prefatory chapter for the A R fylgy povokes mixed feelings Thee s no question as to the hono itoners; a glance at te st of prevous invitees atests to that On the other

hand, it signas the unwanted passage of time and it impies that the inviteeae 50 yeas of physiology should have pofound and useful things to sayabout te past and futue Alas, I must coness at the outset that the pears of

wisdom within my shelLhave been slow to maue and they are still too smallto spead befoe the sophisticaed eades of Annual volume. Ian ony se em as deorations or a persona native.

U

was bo in 95 in New Yok City. My fathe Alwn M. PappenheimeS. was ofesso of Pathology at Columbia Univesty and one of the

eadin expermenta pathoogists of his day He came from a we-odo

fmiy and had every oppounty to make use of his natura taents for boh and the of iving he summes of his yoth wee spent taveingn Europe and he spoke French ad Geman uen e made manydawings etchings and panigs and he played the violin and vioa weenogh to participate in most of the classa iteate o chambe msic Igew up wit the sond o sting quaets in the iving room My mother had asimiar background and she too was poficient in languages and music Myede bohe wo ae beame Poesso of Biooy and Mase o DunsterHouse at Havd aready played he violn we at the time I was staed on

e cello n 9. On seveal occasons y scientific caee has been n-uenced indecy but importantly by music

0066-78/87/035000$0.00

Ann

u.Rev.Physiol.1987.49:116.D

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A SILVR SPOON 3

pblised in te Jorl of th Arc hcl Soc (23) in 936Jeffries (tog of corse I did not ten address im so) rote te first draand gae it to me for criticism I rerote some of it added a ole ne

section and anded back te manscript in fear and trepidation He stdiedte canges and itot esitation or emotion said, It is mc improed btno yo mst be te senior ator Not long ago I as flattered on toconts en ell-knon biopysicist in Englnd sked me eter myfter ad ritten tis endring paper

In te smmer of 935 I took te Pysiology corse at Woods Hole nderte direction of arence Iing Or instrctors inclded sc distingisedbiopysical cemists s eonor Micelis and Rdolf ber te ltter tgtme o to prefse frog kidneys ia te portal system and o to cannlte a

frogs reter Later te 5 edition of Hbers Phycl ht of ll T became one of te most ello books in my scientific libraryAt te end of te corse, I s aarded te Collecting Net Prize $50 as alot in tose dys) to come back te net smme to ork on te kinetics ofCO transpot and carbamino formation in fis blood it J K. W Fergsono ad st pblised important ork it Rogton on carbamino emoglobin in man blood We did not find carbamino emoglobin n fis boodbt e did fnd an anomalos distribtion of HC and Cl in easmobrancred cells and dly pblised in te Biologicl Bllt (5)

In te atmn of 936 I sailed for ngland it a leer of introdction to SirJosep Barcro from Jeffries Wyman An ant ad le me a legacy of abot2000 a year, and tis as more tan sficient to spport a researc stdentin prear ngland Wat old I ae done itot it? I arried in Cambridge not yet 2 bt eger to begin ork in te lbortor. I leed

oeer tat Sir Josep as in te nited States and old not ret ntilOctober I sent te net fe eeks practicing te cello and reading old Norsepoety in te Uniersity library. Wen Sir Josep reted e as etremelykind to me peraps becase e as fond of my broternl Will orbeso d orked it im ten years preiosly e gae me smll resercprect on feta red ces and rrnged for me to take te Pr II onors corsein Pysioogy, an eperience for ic I am endessy gratef I asdreadflly selfconscios and I admired Sir Josep so mc tat I coldcarcely speak in is presence He seemed to sense tis and made a point of

sitting net to me at laboratory teas and trying to pt me at ease by tellingfnny stories and anecdotes Tere ere eigt Par II stdents selected fromsome 00 o ad taken Part I. Or instrctors inclded D. Adrian B HC Mattes, F R. Winton E B Veey W A H Rston and F J W

Annu.Rev.Physiol.1987.49:116.D


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4 P APPNIMR

Rougon, nd dod iong ns wi o An

Hodgin ws ing ssisn in ri ss is o ws o o inr in oing o drr s or our ss rins r wr

i urs w or r u rs, nd ur inod nsis osignin rs in id W o now ion irur inos y s o ysioogy nd in r ngugs. During singr ws nrodud o F R Winons rins on isod rusdin idns, nd is ond door o nw word or

Winon ws n Rdr in Psioog Cridg nd uo, wiL. E ss, o wd usd n oo o sioog. drind nivrsiy Cog, ondon, undr Sring, W. Biss, Vr-n, o ns nd A V Hi Sir Wii Bisss Prins o

Gnr Pioog" rrsnd or nd si dos) ssn o is good in sioog u oug o Biss s soon wo d id onggo ws ing nd ing o wi soon wo d n os rind o o Sing nd Byiss. n Winons nds originSringVy rung rrion dod ino soisid niu or using isod orgns ro uung iruion i ws orrunnr o od riii r nd isuor sss. ws s-ound sig o n isod dog idn siing on gss ndroduing r godn rin ro i rd ood

Winon ws n wi insrunion, nd dsignd os o isown rnsdurs, iirs, rording osiogrs, rusionus ws is o, norgn orgns o oorsuing, nd ri dis or suring, rording, nd onroingows, rssurs, rurs, ion onnrions, nd ood ogn sur-ion A o is d noousy o sini snss sd o o id oois wn in iro rsr nd unsisyingoiis o wo ni rsr ws swd, so, y

Winon ws in is nd is wi Bssi Rwins ws on o oros onr ioiniss in ngnd inid o o sondo in gr Su C o uin Ous 6) nd is sdrs or d n roug u wi Su u nvr d yd i wi su oisd usiins Winon, ogr wi Grggon r o o rs onrd Byiss), ws ou o s ninsigion o rn oygn onsuion s union o osoi wor ouin orion H wod s grdu sudn ossiy us o rious rining in si isr nd oodgs rnsor or ws i

us o y inrs in sring urs? wo orign osdoor owswr woring wi Winon is i Ji Snnon r Diror o N)ws r o o inuin wi rinin rns in isod idn,nd u r ingn ws r o dvo wi Winon nd



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A SILVER POON 5

enn Man, a pephe deve nnuu edn aeven en deenes n n d. ut e eeeedthat n 936 d-state phes wee n the nfan, and th suess f

hs pe deended n he spea haaess f a e seenuae e ade n n Gean. ve eas ae Ku Kae n Geanand Genn kan and n he ned aes used hs exeene devephe ea ee (5. In he eane, Wnn, Een, and pdued asees papes n the ehanss une an n peused dnes Ita he a a e pena eanshp, hh ased un anWnn's deah n 95. Wnn's nenus ehnques f esan enaeua pesue (2 26 pvded he as wn t ntuns apa ph a deade ae

In ths ped, a, I ae t e tuden e n ade I paed nhe nvest eta and pa n atvte at Cae Cee n ada, d wnte nt e the nve hea wh Lndn eed Veds Reque n Kns hae, he s eauusen anae hs eus us Wa and aje Rushna paed n the heta, and huh he I wa nved u an he eshe Dwns hs pened he a e-n endshps Ias an avd se and spen eae ne hdas n he Aps and n heued unheen f ena wa A nse I aed n he dwnha , n n 9h n a ed 5 entan. I was the n ene,as was du ned he s and een newspaes

In 938 nn ved he ha haa at nvet ee and he t e wth h a eeah uden n eave Cade.Heann Ren, ne the s pnent phsst n ean andKu aes he, had us ubshed a pape aen ha ea esn ue as euaed the spahe nevus sse Wnnsuesed ha I n hs n eused hnd eaans un he

ehds edn d xen e had used sude ena etas. I a ae n Ren upn eus, u I und a uhspe epanan he hat as ased n spahe nt heuan ahe han n eas (7. hs pje ave e expeene wh he eused hnd eaan, whh I evenua used sudes apay peea.

us we wed unde he nstant theat a and wth nannne ves en u tp evehn hhe t pepae t.

W

Wa ae n eee 2 939 I as n vaan a a us husepa navad assahusets and I nended t eu t Unve ee a



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6 PAPPNHIMR

Dmnsa n Pharmacly. Passrs w canclld aln wh my jbnn bam Dan h Mdcal hl whh wa mvd uyb s buldng w dyd dung h lz 0 I ugh hl

m A. N ichads a h Univsiy nnsyvania Whn I am annviw aunchd in a daild accun my w n pusd musclu h sn nrru. All wan knw h aid s whh yu a ad n T bwn uwad mdsy and nn ah I nallyd h a and ha wa h nd h nrviw H s u wih ama ainmn in azs Damn hyilgy and anmgny ach gan $250, whh nabld m mpl wk bgunin nland and snd n w as h Jurnal f Physgy. A hsam im I ind cs wih Gnn Milian hl dv h axim Gnn lik myl had bn a adi m his sn nnland and h uh hl m lv nk a h hnn undan Mdcal hyscs I smd bvus ha h wuld n b n h wa andal u wand nibu wha w culd a ini a sn as psibl.F h nx sx yas Glnn and I wkd clsly gh n xim nyn man valvs chmal ygn gnas cabn mnxdsnng n anks and mlay aca pv ssu bahng and hbm in alid hygy h miia

L m di a mmn ay ibu nn likan wh waklld n a munan clmbng acdn n 94. H was h n br AMllkan dn h ala Iniu Tchnlgy wh was a-mus h i d imn ud masu h cha h lcn.Glnn was knwn as h ll l d H was baby h ms wllknwn and hama yung phylg h day n Eup and Ama. udd ngy uy and joie de vivre. H und h way mHavad ambidg Engand wh h did hihly iinal and manw n myglbin whih ulmnad in a Pyilgia Riw in 1939

was lcd a llwshi a Tiniy Cll wh h bcam asuc nsain sudns hysly sll mmbd whacn by claus in bh Eu and Amia and cainly h mau dah dpivd Amican phyigy n i m miinyung n

n 939 u Ai c was wully lacin in quimn ihaludyn and nly a w physilss had h nwld and h vsn undsand wha was ndd Amn h w w c Dl Dvrnk and al hby Th Armdcal ah Labar a gh

Fld cnsd n alud chamb and w h rly udlaba ad by a w jun mdal and nld mn Thwas n a pvsin su civilian ach in h aa anduin 90 Glnn and I usually mad h n i u Dayn n u wn



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A

car Oeatinal aica eldm ew abve 000 eet and in mt caethe wee equied with rudimenta xgen equiment n thee earate the UA ent me than 10000 ighting men al dai in un-

euized aica t eate ma hu at atitude whee cnciu-ne wuld ai within a ew ecnd withut ulementa xgen. Theenteie a a whle equied vat taiing gam in the ue xgen awel a cntinual w t imve he deign and eicienc xgenequiment which cmeted in weight with the ad gaine and ama-ment

Bnk aw the magnitude thee bem at an ea tage and hebecame a leade bth the milita and civilian et t the time he

wed diec u he Ai ugen ice in ahingn bu he eained

a ma gu at the Jhnn undatin t ca ut aied eeach nxgen equiment and n viual bem. The u wh wked in hihme abat a civiian had cntiual acce t eatina bem andt the light teting acilitie the evice and the aica induty e enthunded unhealth hxic hu teting exeimental equiment at imuated alitude 40000 ee me and temeatue 40 in thealtitude chambe in Philadelha

I a aticiated in exeimenta ight t exteme atitude in tieddwn B7 and in he i ye B heavy bmbe ju i idiatu l with all hand abad in Decembe 942 I did a uve cabn mnxide m gunie in tan and aica and the Nav aked me ttet a chemica xgen geneat etieved m a Jaanee Zer ht dwn inthe Paciic. I und 01% C in the xgen. The Nav badcat thi eut tthe Jaanee hing it might hake the cnidence thei it in theiequiment; at the ame time m e wa claiied a ecet in the S Iculd n lnge ead it ee it in m le

t the time at leat u t 94 we wked lng hu and with a

ene ugnc Bnk wa tee; he wud ten aive m ahingtnate in the da talk with u until midnight and then etu t ahingtn It ed a mewhat enetic and head ie tave t miita etabihmentand aicat actie a ve the cnty nt t mentin equent ti tahingtn Nevehele I emained in tuch with a ane wld thughlaing in ing quaet mtl wih Catheine Drine Bwen and withHeen Rice wh ate unded the Aciatin Amateu Chambe MuicPae an inteatina ganizatin which nw ha me than 000 mem-be

I had been bught u in an academic wld hat emhaized ditinctinbetween ue" and alied" cience 1 wa uried and excited b theraidit with which nwedge eviu cnideed inteeting but ueeculd be tanmed t actical ue n a age cale Cnvee exu

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8 PAPPEHEIME

o pracca proe oe uaed ew queo he rea o u-daea cece Ceray h wa ue o epraory phyoogy whhadaced rapy udaea way ude he uu o apped eearch

o he miia. h wa a eo o my geeao o aaem e aeo whch roder coex wa aored o puc pocy aerhe ar.

My ow experece wh apped eeach durg he a wa eeyehed by oe aoao wh Dee ok a he ma goup obophyc h eouage udg Keer Hare Fak k Maraabee Joh Heey Ge Mka a Joh y. hey wee aexpe rueao epecay eecroc e were a coek a-y ad oe woud hae o e ery permeabe deed o o ea by ooro day aocao wh uch ae ad kowedgeae .

y 945 howee he a ed wa gh a a o u wee deexharaed a eager o reu o acaec e he proec I wa heworkg o he orage o oxyge he om o pehoae wa areay po produco Purgh u eeed ukey o e ha woud eerbe ue for ee puose s source of emergency oxygen for rcrfto or poabe wedg appaau. I wa axou o reue ude o herouao a ae VJ Day wa aua o me o appy o E M.

Lad a auhoy o apay uao who ha u ueee W. .Cao a he Hggo Proeor o Phyoogy a Harard He had o yeade ew appoe o auy ak, ad I ha he good orue o beeeced a h ghhad a

CAPILLARS AND MMBRAN RMABILITY(19461954 )

arred oo Deebe 945 o a a ew e hee wa a heay

oad o eahg awag e. Gee a ha ogaze a uper coue mmmn phyoogy a hape o he a exbook o phyoogy wererepreeed boh ecure a ab. I wa a eabe dnour of a ouedoomed to extncon s new brnches of bology evolved o omne heea cucuu For e e aoher pero o ee wor aeg I wa requey o deck a o prepare e deorao orude a pro o y 9 ecure.

I wa o u ue 9 ha I oud e o eue expeea wok. Iha a ague pa o uyg edema omao oae peue mue

u whou ay ceary deed goa. NIH had o ye are argecaeuppor or ueybae ea eearh bu ee f ha I o' hkI coud hae we a accepae reque or a gra. Ceray I had okg ha he poje wou ea ahe wy o a oga equee o



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A ILVER OO 9

enduring advance in the phyiology of the mccirculaton nd the biophyc o ebre trport. Ater oly ew experent, I w how to et theme cpllry preure to kow vlue how to meure the eectve

ootc preure exered by the pl prote cro cpllr wll dhow to relate thee to rte o net itrtion and abotion In the olowingyear thee prelmny eperiment wee veried nd etended n detl withArmndo Soto-Rver; they were irst preented t the 17th Intetionlogre o Phyiology held in Oord n 1947. It wa the irt ongre aterthe Wr nd phyologt were hpply reuted ter y yer o orcedepraton It w movng contrt to the grim Congre in Zurich which Ihd ttended i 938 jut pror to the ivon o zecholovki AugutKrogh ltened to y ppr at ord terward he cme "backtage to yce thig bout t d o coure I w thrlled becaue hi work inrprr p d cpllar phyolog wa (nd till i) uch alrge p o our hertge At the cloig plery eo the beutulheldo Thetre Alber ent-Gyrg gve peech o thk edierent lnguage

The method developed or meurement o cpilly preure nd eectvetrncapillar proten omotc preure were oon etended to the nalyio trcpllry cocentrto grdent durg duonl exchnge o

hydrophlc olute between blood d tue Th n tu led to geerltheoretcl ly o the relto beee retrcted duo hydrodymc low nd moleculr evg ly pplcble to wde vrety obologcal and aical membrane The theo and prelimna reult werert preeted wth E M Reki nd L. Boero t the 18th Intetionlonge o hyiology n openhage 950 under the ttle Fltratn andMlecular Dusncernng the Number and Dmensns Ultramcrscpc Openngs n theCapilla Wall The coplete paper ubeqetly appeared n the American

Jurna f Physy (25). I recently wrote hito o thi development andit relaton to the prallel development o irreverble therodymc ppled to ebre trpor (1) The Aerc Phyologcl ocetyHdbook volume on Mcrcrculatn edited by . ek nd . chel provde ull o the ny odcto d extenon o theoriginl theo tht hve been mde n the lt 35 yer

I 949 I mrred Hyle Pler volt t the ullrd chool o Muicand a pupil o Galmin She ha been irt iddle in my lie ever ince

Alexder Forbe w tll the Dpret o Phyology t Hrvrd

when aived in 1946, nd it w get prvlege to come to know h Hew poeer electrophyology nd oe o t ot dtguhed lederor more than 50 yer 3 He w the rt to ue vcuu tube mpler councto wth the tring glvometer o ecordng neve ction potentil

Ann



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10 PPPENHEME

(6) whh set the stae for the lass work of Gasser and Elaner nperpheral nerve and of Adan Bonk Zeran ahew an her nsnle unt analyss n sensoy e 8. Alex wa al a pneer blquephtogae from the a and an authort on off-shore navgaon n 935he mapped nothe Laorado and Ban Land r hs own plane thuschatn the way fo the northe a oute to urope durn World War He was awaded the Chaes Dal Medal the Geoahial Set and helecn he Nana Acae cence gh equall well have eeno h cnrbun gegraphca cence a neurphlg Heseemed to know eve nh of the New nland oast and how it had haneddurn the x ears he saled t He was a mavelous raonteur In the

evenig

aer a lng da' al he would relax over a "Ckatawutoktal in the an of h ech Sorala an daw on an endess repertore

e an anece whch he alwa nuce b ang wh ha l h an when. There u have been en ung pepe nclungm wfe and me who thouht of hm affetonately as Unle Ale

urng he 190s the Amean Hear Assoaton estalshed some felwp ege reeve ung prer r anrave dutes andI wa elece r ne hee generu lfetme awards Ths allowed me tocnnue larar wr n a all cale n cpan wh ccanal

grauae uen an pcral ellw I al gave e he ree epore novel deas wthout worrn aout shortem suess or falure Mfst effo was ndeed a falue I had the dea that everal pulng featues ofthe enal ccuan gh be explane b plaa ng n the nterloula arere an aeren areoles Ths dea tuned out be noet,a lea n he renal rex Alhugh her whch wa preene a aBwch Lecure an elewhere 22 ale urvve neveheleuae el dsusson and experenan r seveal ears and I do noeet eng wrng n h ae

O

Begnnng 1957 I une evelpen echnue peun hevenrcular e n unanehee anal. I wa ulae b he wok ofI Leuen r Ghen wh ha hwn ha perun of he venrcle whac lun caue hperventlaton n anehee anal even hughhe ateral lood becae alkalne Pevous theores of hemal egulan reahng were cncerne lel wh h cpn l an

eee e ha Leuen' experen ha e excepnall pranmplatons for h el. N ne ha ever perue he bran venrculare n unanehee anal an I ha no expeience wh suger fr



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12/16

SLVER SPN

chonc pnts fnds n th Nuosug Dpant w vsca aout th as of chonc cannuaton of h csa agna.W found, howv, tha h s and sha of th su n goats o shp

a oss th antaon of gud tus though thc occta onpontng towads th aanooccpa an Th cst coud thn punctud a w hough h gud u wthout causng pan to th unanshd anas A h sa dg, n Engand, dscdtchnus fo chonc anaon of cannua n ca vntcs 4 soth sag was s o vncuocsta usons n goats vhss ttoo us aos fv as o pc th sugca chnqus and o a how toca out usons of th an fo ong pods n hah confdntanas Evntua th poct was poductv n th dspaat fds of

hsoog as foows:

.Exchang of aas wn ood and cosna u CS, ncudng h fst asuns of SF poducton and asopon caanc chnqus h sus w fst snd n 96 a h naonaongss of Phaacoog n Stocho and hav snc n dscd nvws and oos.

nta chca conto of athng [vwd n a av Lcu 19718)]

3nvstgaon of spnducng factos asd nto SF dung spdpvaton [vwd fo Scec merca 197 (19) and n a BassSang Lctu 198 (0

woud dfcut o nat a oct of ths nd at a uta dcaschoo of h 1980s asstant Ncho nv wnt to cog ut hwas a acofatads who coud do vhng fo a spnnng n hachn shop o ng goas. n fac, h ca o adpt than atantng csta gud tus. ogth w ut a goat sh and fncsad th vntatos on h oof of th dca Schoo, and w dd not vnas sson fo Budngs and Gounds W found fas (whn aadus of 100 s who woud supp us wh h suus goas f ofchag W tansod goas and ha n staon wagon n su hoad anas (wth ncands o oc h caod oops and anuhats aachd o h hos o pc ntcua gud us) ad wh usfo vacaons at ou su ho n h Bshs Asonshnt aughtand cuost w pan to s n h facs of otosts who passd ou satonwagon wh ts cago of cad goats and chdn t aou hs gan

o sv on natona cots n Washngton and swh, and thaans on assd ov h dca Schoo, wh coud oo down os goas capng on th oof



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12 PAPPNM

A o h wou be eg to the cot o purch r o oren undd ot n dtd woud b ute out o e wth thepotnt o t pt t w vewe t he te

It w hbt to pe tur og browg ogt h ou othe week ht w how tube o ce b Moe Ho wth ntun tt Huorl o of l kful; odiali o a lp-induig huor durig tiulatio o th thalaiconognic ra 16) ht tce reere to Pero' er wor o thepndun ropere o rw ro eerve A op

o Pero oogrh L prol hyiologiqu du ol w tnd n ou etmet O eve oaon I hve ee to tbrr to browe or o ook up pecc reerece w e b chce o urete pper tht chge the coure o ubeue reerch ho o eedpt oehg he copue co upp ee g o the uoto ro . Eo Four Qartets prprn t prud to t n t I zd on tt coo ogot pove th e o coectg ge ute o ro eepdpvd n nd I ovd to "v t n J No nd I d

up o ep the go we wh rc Mr ce Goorchpe vercur cue ct o ebe u o trouce ro hego o th ct o our ure the vr r xpere corroborethe g o Pero: ro epeprv go ue to hevetce o ct ee to ke th ct tooou o eve houwhere o u ro the e go h o eect. O coure we h noEEG to ud the ture o the uce eep but we re bou t

ehvo eect the thre ct teeOur rt pubcto th e w 967 (24), t w oowe b

1 o rtt tet to ote nd et p o the poec w joe Mre ov tguhe ochetwo w nd t ) ptt to odond poo nd poog Our rg er chg ro rve ro epeprvegot x er obe borou ro 25 o ove hreee peroto he br o 15000 eepeprve rbbt o 5000 tr o or huue We coboror bu uch o he cret or the oon dnfton of cve u eepe ro ue

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Borbey, A., Toble 80. Theeach for an endogenou eep

subtance'. Trns in Pharmacologcalncs :37-2 Eggleton M G Pappeneimer J R

Winton F. R. 40. Te relaon between ureter, venou and aeria preure in the ioated kdney of the dog. Jhy 9 352

3. Eliot S 43. Fou Quts: IVLile Giddg New Yor: HcouBrace

4 edberg W. 63. A PharmaologalApproach to th Bran from ts Innr andO . almore Wlliam &

Wikin Ferguon 1 K. W Papphemer, 138. he tasoof cabo dioxde b etroce dplsma in dogfis blood. Bi Bl.7888

6 orb A Tr, 92Amplifcon of acon cren wth teelecon tbe n ecoding wt e rnggavanomeer. Am J. Physol 52407

7 Fb, 53 or NohAr Rou. Cambrdge Ma. Harvard

Unv. Pe8 Hodgkn, A 7 Baon Adan Cambr, ograhal Mmor oth Roya So. London: R oc.

Inou , Borbel A., ed. 85.Endogenus Slep Ssances nd Slepgulatin Urecht The etherandVU

0. Keer, M Wlte, evin, C85. dogenou eep acto. nran Mhansms o Sleep ed. DMGny pp. 253-75. Nw Yk:Raven

Leuen . R 9 Cemoenv ofhe eprao cente. nuence of C2in e cerebra vencle on repraton.Amr Physol 76344

2 Man . Kaovky M. . Kegc ., Pappenemer R. eman K.84 Peptidogycan a pomoe ofsow wve sl; strcur of t sp

pootin fc slated hnune. J Bo Ch 25265258

3. Memoral mnute on the lfe o Aleander F Harard nvrst Gaztt o . 5 65

14. Mkan . A. 1939. uce emoglo

bn. hy v 03-3

ikan, G. A. ppenheme R.Rawon, A. J. evey J. . 4. he

coninuou meauremen o ei auration in man mr Phyol3330 (Abr)

6. Monnier A Holi 65. umoralranmon o eep and wakeune. Hemodialy of a eep-inducinghumo durn muon o hthamcypnogenic area. Pf Ach GsPhsl 282675

7. appeneer, . R. 4. aconsco nee and oygn consumpionin e iolted peued hndlmb mucle of the dog. J Physl. 82200

18. ppenheer . R. 67 he ionccompoition of cerebra etaceuarud a is atio to cnoof aing Hary Lur er 674ew Yok Academ

. Pappenhemer 1 R. 76. The leepftor Amr 23:242

20 Pappenemer, R 3 nducion ofleep by muamy peptde. ayliStaling Memoial ecre J Physol336

2. Pppnheme R. ow d dffuroug biological memane. n Me

nd Ida n Mmban Tnp, ed.D Teon Ame Physl. Soc00 n re

22 Pppenheer J R inter W B56 Hemaocrt ato o bood wiinthe mammalan kdney and it ignifcane for ena hemodynmic. Amr Physol 83770

23 ppenheimer R Lee P Wyman 36 The sfe enon oaqueu lution of dpolar ion me h 8

24 Pappenhemer J. R., Mller T. BGoodc C. A. 967 leeppomotingeffec of cerebopinal flud fom leepdeprved goa. oc l Ad USA 5837

25. Pappenemer J. R. Renkn E. Moo, . M. 95. tation dffuion and moecua ievng hug peipa cpy memes. Am Physol. 67346

26 Wnton . R. 93. he gomelpreure in the olated mmmnkdney J Physol. 2367

2 Wmn J Jr 64. nked functionand recpoca effect n protein Ad

Ch 2246



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