Asliceofcellandmolecularbiology:cellcommunication,cellsignaling,

andgeneexpression

blindflaneur.com

www.mcb.ucdavis.edu en.wikipedia.org

ProfessorVassieWareBioscienceinthe21st CenturySeptember6,2017 en.wikipedia.org

Howdoesitrespondtoitsenvironment?What’sgoingoninside thiscellinresponse?

Phys.org

Scanningelectronmicroscopeimageofaeukaryoticcell

electricalsignal chemicalsignalmechanicalsignal

TakeHomeSummary

• Cellscommunicatewiththeirenvironmentthroughinteractionsatthecellularmembrane

• Membraneproteinsareessentialfeaturesthatenablecellularcommunicationbyinteractingwithsignals(e.g.,chemical,electrical,mechanical)

• Signalingatthemembranecausesintracellularchangesthataffectdifferentpathwaysdependingonthetypeofcell

• Cellsignalingcanstimulatechangesingeneexpressionatthenuclearlevel,resultingintheproductionofnewproteins

LectureOutline:1.OverviewoftheCell

2.OverviewoftheCellSignalingChallenge

• Commonthemesamongmanydifferentcelltypes

• Differenttypesofsignals:electrical,chemical,mechanical

• Externalstimulusmembraneinteractionsintracellularcytoplasmicevents

geneexpressionchanges

3.Membranefunctionandcomposition

4.Geneexpressionevents:Transcription(RNAsynthesis)Translation(proteinsynthesis)

5.Summary

1.OverviewoftheCell

2.OverviewoftheCellSignalingChallenge

• Commonthemesamongmanydifferentcelltypes

• Differenttypesofsignals:electrical,chemical,mechanical

• Externalstimulusmembraneinteractionsintracellularcytoplasmicevents

geneexpressionchanges

3.Membranefunctionandcomposition

4.Geneexpressionevents:Transcription(RNAsynthesis)Translation(proteinsynthesis)

5.Summary

commons.wikimedia.org

Schematiccross-sectionofaeukaryoticcellshowinginternalorganelles

1.OverviewoftheCell

2.OverviewoftheCellSignalingChallenge

• Commonthemesamongmanydifferentcelltypes

• Differenttypesofsignals:electrical,chemical,mechanical

• Externalstimulusmembraneinteractionsintracellularcytoplasmicevents

geneexpressionchanges

3.Membranefunctionandcomposition

4.Geneexpressionevents:Transcription(RNAsynthesis)Translation(proteinsynthesis)

5.Summary

CellsRespondinDiverseWaystoExternalStimuli

Figure 16-6 Essential Cell Biology (© Garland Science 2010)

CellsRespondinDiverseWaystoExternalStimuli

Figure 16-7 Essential Cell Biology (© Garland Science 2010)

Anexternalsignalcancauseafastand/oraslowresponsethatalterscellbehavior

Figure 16-5 Essential Cell Biology (© Garland Science 2010)

Bindingofasingletypeofligandtoareceptorcancausedifferentcellularresponsesdependingonthecelltype

(atypeofneurotransmitter)

www.nature.com

NeuronalCommunicationandSignalingatSynapses

LecturesbyDrs.BurgerandWynnewillfocusonthistypeofsignalinginthenervoussystem

Dr.Haas’lecturewillfocusonthistypeofsignalinginthenervoussystem

Figure 16-12 Essential Cell Biology (© Garland Science 2010) - edited

REVIEW

phospholipidbilayer

1.OverviewoftheCell

2.OverviewoftheCellSignalingChallenge

• Commonthemesamongmanydifferentcelltypes

• Differenttypesofsignals:electrical,chemical,mechanical

• Externalstimulusmembraneinteractionsintracellularcytoplasmicevents

geneexpressionchanges

3.Membranefunctionandcomposition

4.Geneexpressionevents:Transcription(RNAsynthesis)Translation(proteinsynthesis)

5.Summary

STRUCTUREandFUNCTIONofCELLULARMEMBRANES

• Comprisedofphospholipidsandembeddedproteins

• Proteincompositionismostvariablepartbetweendifferenttypesofcells

• Semi-permeabletoionsandorganicmolecules(allowsselective influxandefflux)

• Protectscellfromsurroundings;respondstosurroundings

Figure 11-6 Essential Cell Biology (© Garland Science 2010)

MembraneComposition:Phospholipids

Figure 11-11 Essential Cell Biology (© Garland Science 2010)

Membraneschematicshowsorientationofphospholipidsinbilayer

Membranescontainembeddedproteins

http://science-naturalphenomena.blogspot.com/2011/12/cell-membrane-structure.html

1.OverviewoftheCell

2.OverviewoftheCellSignalingChallenge

• Commonthemesamongmanydifferentcelltypes

• Differenttypesofsignals:electrical,chemical,mechanical

• Externalstimulusmembraneinteractionsintracellularcytoplasmicevents

geneexpressionchanges

3.Membranecompositionandmembranefunction

4.Geneexpressionevents:Transcription(RNAsynthesis)Translation(proteinsynthesis)

5.Summary

www.tokresource.org

CentralDogmaofMolecularBiology

www.2classnotes.com

1.OverviewoftheCell

2.OverviewoftheCellSignalingChallenge

• Commonthemesamongmanydifferentcelltypes

• Differenttypesofsignals:electrical,chemical,mechanical

• Externalstimulusmembraneinteractionsintracellularcytoplasmicevents

geneexpressionchanges

3.Membranecompositionandmembranefunction

4.Geneexpressionevents:Transcription(RNAsynthesis)Translation(proteinsynthesis)

5.Summary

Figure 16-12 Essential Cell Biology (© Garland Science 2010) - edited

REVIEW

phospholipidbilayer

TakeHomeSummary

• Cellscommunicatewiththeirenvironmentthroughinteractionsatthecellularmembrane

• Membraneproteinsareessentialfeaturesthatenablecellularcommunicationbyinteractingwithsignals(e.g.,chemical,electrical,mechanical)

• Signalingatthemembranecausesintracellularchangesthataffectdifferentpathwaysdependingonthetypeofcell

• Cellsignalingcanstimulatechangesingeneexpressionatthenuclearlevel,resultingintheproductionofnewproteins

http://www.dnalc.org/resources/3d/cellsignals.html

Optionalvideotoreinforcesignalingthemes

Additionalresourceforcellsignaling