A Specifier’s View of DALIJune 4, 2002 4:00 PM

Seminar #18

Richard Miller, PE, LCHellmuth, Obata + Kassabaum, Inc.

Sponsored by The International Association of Lighting Designers

Sponsored by The Illuminating Engineering Society of North America

Official On-Site Event Directory

Produced and Managed by AMC, Inc.

DALIDigital Addressable Lighting Interface

• “DALI is a protocol dedicated purely for lighting control”

• DALI allows individual control and monitoring of lighting systems

• DALI provides precise dimming

• DALI promises flexibility in design, and ease of installation

Learn How To:

• Leverage the benefits of the DALI technology

• Specify DALI lighting controls

• Design DALI controls for single rooms, open offices and whole buildings

• Solve DALI installation and commissioning issues

Current Lighting Control Systems

– Agili-T by Lightolier– Centura by Leviton– Digital-MicroWatt by Lutron– DMX512 by USITT– Easylite by Easylite Ballasts and Lighting Systems– Ergolight by Ledalite– GR2400 by Lighting Control and Design – IBECS by Lawrence Berkeley National Lab– NexLight by Northpoint Engineering Co.– PowerLink by Square D Company– SuperDim by Energy Savings Inc– Synergy by Lithonia

Current Wiring for Conference Room

History: From Europe

• Tridonic and others– Digital Serial Interface (DSI) ballasts in 1991– Digital Addressable Lighting Interface (DALI) ballast in 1998– Dropped royalties to gain wide spread acceptance of DALI

• IEC– DALI protocol (IEC Standard 60929, Annex E & G)

advanced to voting process in year 2000.– Adopted by other leading ballast and control manufactures– Formally adopted summer of 2002

History: In USA

• NEMA Controls Council– Wiring Devices, Controls, and Ballasts– Liaison with International Electrotechnical

Commission (IEC)– DALI subcommittee

• IESNA Controls Subcommittee– Established to develop a control protocol– Reviewed several existing systems– Asked by NEMA to comment on DALI proposal

DALI AG

• Promote the DALI protocol• Review protocol compliance by manufactures• 24 members as of September 2001

– International Rectifier, CA– Lightolier, Canada– Lutron, PA– Osram, Germany– Philips, Netherlands– Tridonic, Austria

• (www.DALI-AG.org)

Benefits

• Lower initial cost to the Owner– Simple wiring

• Higher level of maintenance to the Facility Manager– Status of lamp and ballast

• Greater flexibility to the Lighting Designer– Change grouping via software

• Lower energy costs to the User– Reduced power consumption

• Greater sense of control to the Occupant– Individual control

DALI

• DALI is not a product

• DALI is a protocol (a set of rules) (from ballast perspective)– Power connection– Lamp response– Control interface– Command set

Protocol: Power Connection

• Universal voltage input – 115V to 300V, 50Hz to 60Hz

• High power factor

• Low harmonics

• Transient protection

• Initial application of voltage – lamps go to full output or other preset level

Protocol: Lamp Response

– Precise dimming curve• Logarithmic curve• Range: 0.1% to 100% for incandescent,

1% to 100% for linear fluorescent, 3% to 100% for CF

• 254 steps (2.8% increase per step)• Based on lamp arc power• (This is not lamp lumen output)

Protocol: Control Interface

• Intent

• Electrical

• Media

• Wiring

• Bits and Bytes

• No Collision Detection

Control Interface: Intent

• Low cost• Simple• Low interference• Interchangeable

Control Interface: Electrical

• Voltage – 0 VDC (+/- 4.5V) to 16VDC (9.5V to 22.5V)

• Voltage drop – must not exceed 2 volts• Loss of control voltage – lamps go to preset

level• Current – 2 ma consumption, able to sink 250

ma• Power – Remote power supply of <250 ma• Speed – 1,200 bits/sec (compare to Ethernet

at 100Mb/s)• Must be able to withstand live voltage

DALI Ballast Block Diagram

Control Interface: Media

• Two wire• Twisted pair not required• Shielded pair not required• Non-polarized• No End-of-Line resistor• Standard building wire

Single DALI Loop Diagram

BusMaster

PCA EXCEL one4all

IRReceiver

wallswitch

Interface

PIRInterface

PCA EXCEL one4all

Digital bus

DALI-PSComputer

User

Control Interface: Wiring

• Maximum length of 300 meters• Open topology: chain, star, tree• Class 2 (may be wired as Class 1) (for ballasts,

controls?)• May be installed with line voltage

DALI Wiring Topology Diagram

Serial Connection Star Connection

Control Interface: Bits and Bytes• Address (one specific ballast)

• 0AAAAAA1 + CCCCCCCC , 0AAAAAA0 + arc power

• Broadcast (all ballasts)• 11111111 + CCCCCCCC , 11111110 + arc power

• Group• 100GGGG1 + CCCCCCCC , 100GGGG0 + arc power

• “Go To Scene”:• 0AAAAAA1 + 0001SSSS• 11111111 + 0001SSSS• 100GGGG1 + 0001SSSS

Control Interface: No Collision Detection

• Assumes only one sending device

• Ballasts talk only when queried

• No checking for simultaneous commands

• Control manufacturers must provide collision detection

Protocol: Command Set

• Current command set is for ballasts only.

• >100 commands defined (with space for future commands)

• Ability to program, control and monitor status information

Ballast Commands: To Ballast

– Off

– Step Up

– Step Down,

– On and Step Up

– Set Max

– Step Down and Off

– Set Min

– Go to Max

– Go to Min

– Up to Max

– Down to Min

– Fade to Level

– Set Actual Level

– Set Power On Level

– Set System Failure Level

– Set Fade Time

– Set Fade Rate

– Set Scene

– Go to Scene

– Remove from Scene

– Set Group

– Remove from Group

Ballast Commands: Information from Ballast (Query)

– Actual Level, – Power ON Level– System Failure Level– Max– Min– Group Assignment

– Scene Level– Fade Time– Random Address– Version Number– Device Type

Device Types

– Type 0 – Standard (fluorescent)– Type 1 – Emergency lighting– Type 2 – HID lamps– Type 3 – Low voltage halogen lamps– Type 4 – Line voltage incandescent lamps– Type 5…255 – Future device types

DALI Programming

• Each DALI loop can support up to 64 individual addresses

• When in initial programming mode:• Each ballast generates a 24 bit random address

• Control unit then assigns a 6 bit short address (0 to 63) to each ballast

• May reassign a 6 bit address to each ballast

• May assign a 6 bit address by disconnecting a lamp from the ballast

DALI Programming (Cont’d)

• Group Addressing– Each DALI loop can support up to 16 individual

groups

– Each ballast may belong to any or all of the 16 available groups

• Scene Setting– Each ballast may have as many as 16 preset levels

(scenes)

– Scenes may be applied to ballasts

– Scenes may be applied to groups

Wiring per NEC

• Approved for use in Class 1 and Class 2 installations

• DALI wiring may be with line-voltage wiring

• Could use a 5-wire prefabricated wiring assemble

• Installation must comply with Code• Verify rating of control units

Electrician’s Wiring Diagram

Auxiliary Components

• Power Supply– Voltage – 16VDC (9.5V to 22.5V)– Power – <250 ma

• Controller Units– Scene Controller– Daylight Harvesting Controller– Occupancy Controller

• Computer Interface (optional)

Sensor Connection Diagrams

To Control Unit To DALI Loop

Auxiliary Components (Cont’d)

• Gateways– DALI – RS232– DALI - Ethernet– RS232 – Ethernet hub– In separate cabinet from the branch circuit

panelboard

Busmaster Enclosure Installation

RS232 Connection

Panelboard and Busmaster Cabinet

Complete Building Control

Next Generation Technology

Palm Pilot Interface

dim up and down

Select groups

Select light scenes

Off

User Interface

Protocol – Intent: Interchangeability

• Manufactures: web site (DALI-AG.org)• DALI protocol is the minimum

requirement– Provides compatibility among

manufacturers

• Proprietary features are not prohibited– DSI– Line-voltage control

Designing Control Systems

• Lighting Plan for Typical Office

• Lighting Plan for Conference Room

Lighting Plan for Open Office

– CEC Title 24: mandatory• Two level or dimming

• Occupancy / Auto Off

• Daylight Harvest

• Time-of-Day off with timed manual override

– Adjust for individual comfort– Weekend function– Security function– Power reduction

STEP 1: Design fixture layout or retrofit existing fixtures with DALI compatible ballast.

STEP 2: Layout DALI network (2 wires) to each fixture independent of circuit wiring. Each DALI loop can support up to 64 ballast. Loop wires can be located in same conduit with power wiring

STEP 3:Design controls into space and determine easiest connection to DALI bus. Identify placement of bus power supply and optional network interface.

STEP 4: Address DALI ballasts. Determine fixture groupings and map control devices to fixtures. Each ballast can be assigned to multiple groups (16 max).

Network System Configuration

LP

Lighting Plan for Conference Room

• Multiple luminaries for multiple functions

• Multiple preset scenes

• Manual controls

Conference Room Lighting Plan

Commissioning

• DALI Ballast Manufacturer• DALI Controller Manufacturer• Luminaire Manufacturer• Architect• Lighting Designer• Electrical Engineer• Electrician• Manufacturer’s Representative• Programmer• Systems Integrator• Commissioner

Commissioning:

• DALI Product Manufacturer– Test product prior to shipment

• Luminaire Manufacturer– Test assembly prior to shipment– Could preprogram addresses, groups, scenes

• Electrician– Require high quality splices and terminations– Document power wiring and control wiring– Verify power wiring and lamping– Verify DALI loop – broadcast raise/lower, count ballast

quantity

Commissioning: (Cont’d)

• Lighting Designer / Electrical Engineer– Determine preset levels for scenes

• Programmer– Assign and document groups– Assign and document scenes

• Systems Integrator– Combine with IT or AV?

Commissioning: (Cont’d)

• Manufacturer’s Representative– May be the Commissioner

• Commissioner– Two people with walkie-talkies– Document groupings– Flash addressed ballast until that ballast is found– Cycle through addresses to find ballast address– Document ballast addresses on lighting plans

Benefits of DALI

• Simplify wiring installation

• Decrease energy usage

• Lower maintenance cost

• Increase space flexibility

• Improve occupant comfort

Limitations of DALI

• Command Set

• Fade Time: <0.7 sec to 90 sec

• Requires computer to initialize and program

• Intended only for lighting

• Not enough products

Wish List

• Compact Fluorescent Ballast

• Incandescent Dimmer – 120 Volts

• Incandescent Dimmer – 12 Volts

• Metal Halide Ballast

• LED Driver

• Occupancy Sensor

• Photo Sensor

• Daylight Harvesting

Wish List (Cont’d)

• Schedulers• Peak Load Shaving• Audio/Visual Interface• Motor Control for Blinds, Curtains,

Projection Screens• Gateways for BACnet®, DMX512,

LONWORKS®, and TCP/IP• Interface to 0-10V dimming system

Credits

• Dalai Lama

• Ian Ashdown

• Bob Beatty

• Brian Beck

• Dick Brecher

• Pekka Hakkarainen

• Gregg Hauser

• Wayne Morrow

• Dave Peterson

• Steve Purdy

• Nehal Shah

• Howard Yaphe

• Kayo Shibano

• Advance / Philips

• DALI-AG

• Leviton

• Lightolier

• Osram Sylvania

• StarField Controls

• Tridonic

• The Watt Stopper

Conclusion

• My original premise

• Discoveries

• Not enough products

• “Sustainable Competitive Advantage”

HELLO DALI