Date post: | 15-Dec-2015 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | jovan-hewitson |
View: | 221 times |
Download: | 1 times |
e-Learning
e-learning refers to computer-enhanced learning (but it considers also other electronic devices like PDAs, cells, ..)
It includes the use of: web-based teaching materials, multimedia CD-
ROMs or web sites, discussion boards, collaborative software, e-mail, blogs, wikis, text chat, computer aided assessment, simulations, games, learning management software, electronic voting systems and more.
eLearning Issues
Standardization and eLearning content reusability
moving courses from one Learning Management System to another
reusing content pieces across different courses
Designing eLearning courses sequencing reusable content for branching,
remediation and other tailored strategies tailored on users
Knowledge Management searching content libraries across different LMS
envirnoments
Learning Objects
LTSC (http://ieeeltsc.org/) definition “Learning Objects are defined here as any entity, digital
or non-digital, which can be used, re-used or referenced during technology supported learning.”
Examples: multimedia content, instructional content, learning objectives, instructional software and software tools, persons, organizations, or events referenced during
technology supported learning.Wiley’s definition “Any digital resource that can be reused to support
learning” From “Connecting learning objects to instructional design
theory: a definition, a metaphor, and a taxonomy”
ADL Initiative
ADL (Advanced Distributed Learning*) Initiative was formed as a developer and implementer of
learning technologies across the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) (1997)
public and private sectorsGoals: developing the standards, tools and learning content
for the learning environment of the future providing access to the highest-quality learning and
performance aiding that can be tailored to individual needs and delivered cost-effectively, anytime and anywhere
* http://www.adlnet.gov/index.cfm
Standard ADL SCORM
SCORM (Sharable Content Object Reference Model) a set of rules that learning management
systems (LMS) and learning content should follow to be compatible with each other
collection of standards and specifications adapted from multiple sources to provide a comprehensive suite of e-learning capabilities that enable interoperability, accessibility and reusability of Web-based learning content.
SCORM main features (1/2)
Durability the ability to withstand technology
changes over time without costly redesign, reconfiguration or recoding
Interoperability the ability to take instructional
components developed in one system and use them in another system
Accessibility the ability to locate and access
instructional components from multiple locations and deliver them to other locations
SCO: Sharable Content Object
SCORM main features (2/2)
Reusability the ability to use instructional
components in multiple applications, courses and contexts
Maintainability the ability to withstand content
evolution and changes without costly redesign, reconfiguration or recoding
Adaptability the ability to change to satisfy
differing user needs
Sharable Content
SCORM enables content to be shared through
Content Model (Assets, SCOs) Content Aggregation Content Packaging
SHARABLE CONTENT OBJECTS (SCOs)
Single unit delivering eLearning content
Collection of one or more assets
Independent, self-contained, transportable package
Lowest level of granularity tracked by a LMS
Mini-applications launched from an LMS
Web-based and script-enabled
CONTENT AGGREGATION
It represents the process of content aggregation
Grouping asset/SCOs in to one or more Content Structures (Course, Chapter, Topic, …) to the end of building eLearning experiences
Content Package
ManifestDescribe the content
Describes the organization
Enumerates the resources contained
Physical filesThe actual content
Communications
SCORM enables content to interoperate with
diverse SCORM Conformant Learning
Management Systems (LMSs) through the
SCORM Run-time Environment
A LMS is a software application supporting the
managements of learning objects
The SCORM Run-time Environment defines API
which allows communications between LMS
and SCOs
Sequencing
SCORM enables the delivery of learning activities in an instructionally meaningful manner through sequencing Designers may specify sequencing
behaviors at authoring stage Activities may be sequenced at time
of delivery based on a learner’s actions or performance
Sequencing behaviors are external the content to facilitate reuse
Metadata
They describe what a content object or package contains (learning objects annotation)
They specify properties of a content object such as language or level of difficulty
They enable meaningful searches for content
In SCORM, they concern resources type (e.g., course, lesson, survey)
supporting an LMS in visualizing and storing Learning Objects
resources content (e.g., French Revoultion, II World War)
Supporting the retrieval, accessibility and re/use of LOs
LMS: Learning Management System
eLearning software environment Main functionalities
learning-content management designing (learning-objects sequencing) execution monitoring
users management (e.g., user profiles, track of learner progress)
Es., Moodle, Spaghetti Learning, EduPlone ...
Moodle
Software package designed to support educators in creating online courses Course Management system (CMS) Learning Management System (LMS) Virtual Learning Environment (VLE)
Moodle Main Features
Social constructionist pedagogy (which includes collaboration, activity-based learning, critical reflection, etc)
Suitable for online classes as well as supplementing face-to-face learning
Simple, lightweight, efficient, compatible, low-tech browser interface
Categorization of courses Most text entry areas (resources, forum postings,
journal entries etc) can be edited using a capable, embedded WYSIWYG HTML editor
Moodle Technical Features
Unix, Linux, Windows, Mac OS X, Netware and any other system that supports PHP
modular easy upgrade only one database (and it can share it with
other applications if necessary) it supports many major brands of database emphasis on strong security throughout
Moodle elements (1/2)
Courses different formats (by week, by topic)
Assignments grading electronically submitted material or 'offline'
submissions Chats
real-time synchronous discussion via the web MultiChoice Questions Forums
different formats, attachments Glossaries
The entries can be searched or browsed in many different formats
Moodle elements (2/2)
Lessons usually multiple pages, ending with a multiple choice
question navigation through the lesson can be straight forward or
complex Quizzes Resources
prepared files uploaded to the course server pages edited directly in Moodle external web pages made to appear part of this course
SCORM Packages collection of specifications that enable interoperability,
accessibility and reusability of web-based learning content Surveys Wiki
collectively authored documents Workshops