A STUDY ON DESICCATION INDUCED CRACKING AND HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY OF COMPACTED CLAY LINERS

7/26/2019 A STUDY ON DESICCATION INDUCED CRACKING AND HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY OF COMPACTED CLAY LINERS

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Under The Guidance of

Dr. P. HARI KRISHNADr. P. HARI KRISHNA

Presented By

B. Naga Sai

(!"#$%

A STUDY ON DESICCATION INDUCED

CRACKING AND HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY

OF COMPACTED CLAY LINERS


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Contents

& Introduction& 'iterature reie)

& *+,ecties

& -ethodoogy& -aterias used

& Tests and Resuts

& /oncusions

& References


3/44

Introduction& I01ro1er dis1osa of )aste is res1onsi+e for conta0ination of

geoeniron0ent.& A0ong arious dis1osa 0ethods i2e incineration3 1as0a

gasification etc.3 andfiing is considered to +e safe and econo0ica.

& Production of highy conta0inant eachate is the 0ain dra)+ac2 of

andfiing.

& 'eachate 4 conta0inated i5uid )aste 1ercoating through de1osited

)aste )hich contains high concentrations of to6ic che0icas

incuding heay 0etas.

& Heay 0etas 7 refers to any 0etaic che0ica ee0ent that has a

reatiey high density and is 1oisonous een at o) concentrations.


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Co!onents

o" #

$#nd"i$$


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S!eci"ic#tions o" # soi$ to eet $iner criteri#

Material Property Threshold value

Percent gravel fraction (%) < 30

Maximum particle size (mm) 25

Fines content (%) > 30

Plasticit !n"ex > #0

$"raulic con"uctivit (cms) < # x #0&'

8 Ado1ted fro0 US9PA (::!% 3 Danie (::!%3 Ro)e et a. (::$%


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Liter#ture re%ie& '

& /.;. -ier et a. (::"% conducted tests to inestigate desiccationcrac2ing of three co01acted iner sois. Surficia di0ensions of

crac2s )ere 5uantified using the crac2 intensity factor (/I


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& -.H.T.Rayhani et a. (>##?% studied effect of desiccationinduced crac2ing on hydrauic conductiities of cayey sois

fro0 Iran. The resuts sho)ed that the di0ension of crac2s

increased )ith increasing 1asticity inde6 and cay content so

the initia hydrauic conductiity increased )ith increased

1asticity inde6 and cyces of )etting and drying.

& Tanit /haer0yanont et a. (>##"% studied a+out the trans1ort of

heay 0etas through a co01acted sand7+entonite 0i6ture and

its che0ica co01ati+iity )as studied through the +atch

adsor1tion test and the hydrauic conductiity test Thehydrauic conductiity increased )hen 1er0eated )ith 0i6ed

heay 0eta soution.

Liter#ture re%ie& '


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& Seracettin Arasan3>## 7re1orted that che0ica soutions

tended to reduce the thic2ness of the DD' and foccuate the

cay 1artices3 resuting in reduction of i5uid i0it3 reduction

of s)eing and increasing of hydrauic conductiity of /ay

iners.

Liter#ture re%ie& '


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O()ECTIVES'

The 1ri0ary sco1e of the 1resent study is to eauate the

suita+iity of seected ocay aaia+e sois as co01acted

cay iners +ased on their Desiccation /rac2 Intensity


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METHODOLOGY

E%#$u#tion o" soi$s #s # $#nd"i$$ $iner #teri#$

* t+!es o" soi$s

,($#c- cotton soi$. Red e#rt/

#nd Du!in0 +#rd Soi$1

Sin0$e He#%+ Met#$ So$ution

#nd S+nt/etic Le#c/#te

Mi2ed &it/ di""erent

!Hs ,3 #nd 451

Desicc#tion

cr#c-in0

H+dr#u$ic

Conducti%it+ tests

Cr#c- Intensit+

F#ctorPere#6i$it+

(est suit#6$e soi$


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Pro1erties of Sois@

P#r#eter

G

,71

S

,71

Si$t

,71

C$#+

,71

LL

,71

PL

,71

PI C$#ssi"8

c#tion

M9D9D

,0:cc1

O9M9C

,71

Free

S&e$$

,71

Red 9arth >? C > !" > ? /I ." :.? $

Bac2/otton Soi

# !# !: ! > C# /H ." :. :#

Du01ing

ard Soi

> $C # !C "C >C # S/ .?? ?.$ >C#


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He#%+ et#$ so$utions'

. Singe Heay -eta Soution ( SH-S%

Nic2e Nitrate E Ni(N*!%>H>* F of $#110.

>. -uti Heay -eta Soution (-H-S or synthetic eachate%

1re1ared fro0 concentrations of rea eachate.

S9No He#%+ Met#$ Concentr#tion,!!1

/ad0iu0 !?

> inc >C! 'ead

C Arsenic .

$ Nic2e !.?


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./rac2 Intensity


14/44

Mou$d used "or CIF


15/44

Red 9arth /o01acted at et of *1ti0u0


16/44

I0age Anaysis for /I


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/ontinueJ

/I< (Surface /rac2 Area (Ac% Tota Surface Area of S1eci0en (At%% 6 ##

)here AcNo. of Bright 1i6es

At Tota No. of 1i6es


18/44

,#1 At &et o" o!tiu

Day

/I.?: >.?: >.?: >.?: >.?:

> #.#C #.> #.>! #.? #.$

! !." ".? "."> .$C .>

,61 At o!tiu

Day/I #.#$ #.>! #.>" #.: #.?

! #.?" >.$ >." >.>C >.>

RED EARTH SOIL '


19/44

,c1 At dr+ o" o!tiu

Day

/I #.#: #.>" #.! #.> #.>C

! #.! >.C" >.! >.> .:?

RED EARTH SOIL '


20/44

Lariation of /I< )ith Red 9arth Soi at *-/


21/44

(LACK COTTON SOIL,#1 At &et o" o!tiu

Day/I #.#! #.> #.>: #.>> #.>

! C.?: :." :.:? ".C ".!

,61 At o!tiu

Day/I> !.>> !.>> !.>> !.>>

> #.#C #.!C #.!? #.! #.>:

! C.!C ?.> ?.$ ."C .C>


22/44

,c1At dr+ o" o!tiu

Day

/I.>C >.>C >.>C >.>C >.>C

> #.#" #.C #.C: #.C! #.!:

! !.#" $.C $.>? C."? C.

(LACK COTTON SOIL


23/44

Lariation of /I< )ith Bac2 /otton Soi at *-/


24/44

SC SOIL

,#1 At &et o" o!tiu

Day/I #.#!> #.>C #.> #.> #.:

! ." >.C >."?" #." #.#C

,61 At o!tiu

Day/I #.#!C #.> #.>" #.>! #.>

! $.>! ".?! ".:C ?.>! ?.


25/44

,c1 At dr+ o" o!tiu

Day

/I.:$ >.:$ >.:$ >.:$ >.:$

> #.#C! #.!> #.C: #.>: #.>$

! C."> $. $."$ $.C $.#:

SC SOIL


26/44

Lariation of /I< )ith S/ Soi at *-/


27/44

V#ri#tion o" CIF &it/ PI

Lariation of /I< )ith PI )hen test done )ith )ater


28/44

;9H+dr#u$ic Conducti%it+

Sche0atic setu1 of Hydrauic conductiity test

Hydrauic conductiity of the soi sa01es )as 0easured as 1er the

1rocedure gien +y Tanit /haer0yanont (>##"%


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H+dr#u$ic Conducti%it+ setu!


30/44

V#ri#tion o" Pere#6i$it+ r#tio &it/ ter

,#1 At &et o" o!tiu

Soi$ PI

K5

( #7?c0s%

K4

( #7?c0s%Kr

Red earth ? #.#:$ .!? !."?

Bac2 cotton soi C# #.!!> $.>>? ?.>

S/ soi # #.#: .!>" C.

, 61 At o!tiu

Soi$ PIK5

( #7?c0s%

K4

( #7?c0s%Kr

Red earth ? #.C ." >.$"

Bac2 cotton soi C# #.$#$ ?.? C.>

S/ soi # #.> .$ >.:


31/44

, c1 At dr+ o" o!tiu

Soi$ PIK5

( #7?c0s%

K4

( #7?c0s%Kr

Red earth ? #.> .:? :.C

Bac2 cotton soi C# #.?$ :.#"? >.

S/ soi # #."! ."" #.!


32/44

V#ri#tion o" Pere#6i$it+ r#tio &it/ SHMS ,!H 31

, #1 At &et o" o!tiu

Soi$ PI K5

( #7?c0s%K4

( #7?c0s%Kr

Red earth ? #.>!C C."? >#."$

Bac2 cotton soi C# #.:: !#.#$ !#.!

S/ soi ##.$C .? >."

, 61 At o!tiu

Soi$ PIK5

( #7?c0s%

K4

( #7?c0s%Kr

Red earth ? #.C#? ."! ."Bac2 cotton soi C# >.# $:.$ >"."

S/ soi # #.?$ $.C> >#.$


33/44


Soi$ PIK5

( #7?c0s%

K4

( #7?c0s%Kr

Red earth ? #.?$ #.# !.#"

Bac2 cotton soi C# !.>! ?".?$C >C.$

S/ soi # .?$ >>. :.>$


34/44

, #1 At &et o" o!tiu

Soi$ PIK5

( #7?c0s%

K4

( #7?c0s%Kr

Red earth ? #.$$ C.! >.$>

Bac2 cotton soi C# #."": >".#: !.$?

S/ soi # #.!>> ".:$ >?."

, 61 At o!tiu

Soi$ PIK5

( #7?c0s%

K4

( #7?c0s%Kr

Red earth ? #.!! .$$ :."

Bac2 cotton soi C# .":" $C.?$ >".$?

S/ soi # #.C #.>? >.$>

V#ri#tion o" Pere#6i$it+ r#tio &it/ SHMS ,!H 451


35/44


Soi$ PIK5

( #7?c0s%

K4

( #7?c0s%Kr

Red earth ? #.?$ !."!$ ".#?

Bac2 cotton soi C# >.$> .!" >.$>

S/ soi # #.$"" !.C$ >!.#>


36/44

,#1 At &et o" o!tiu

Soi$ PIK5

( #7?c0s%

K4

( #7?c0s%

Kr

Red earth ? #.>": C.:> ?.#C

Bac2 cotton soi C# .#> !>.#$ !.>

S/ soi # #."!? . :."C

,61 At o!tiu

Soi$ PIK5

( #7?

c0s%

K4

( #7?

c0s%

Kr

Red earth ? #.$: ?.? !."

Bac2 cotton soi C# >.>$$ $:.$ >.!"

S/ soi # #.""? ?.C> :.

V#ri#tion o" Pere#6i$it+ r#tio &it/ MHMS ,!H 31


37/44


Soi$ PIK5

( #7?c0s%

K4

( #7?c0s%

Kr

Red earth ? #.""? >.# !.

Bac2 cotton soi C# C.#" "?."C >."

S/ soi # .> >!.?" "."


38/44

,#1 At &et o" o!tiu

Soi$ PI

K5

( #7?c0s%

K4

( #7?c0s%Kr

Red earth ? #.CC !.:! >$.$"

Bac2 cotton soi C# #.$ >$.C" !"."

S/ soi ##.>" ?.?> >".?$

,61 At o!tiu

Soi$ PIK5

( #7?c0s%

K4

( #7?c0s%

Kr

Red earth ? #.!# ." >#.$>

Bac2 cotton soi C# .C: $C.?$ !!.>

S/ soi # #.C#> ".""> >>.#$

V#ri#tion o" Pere#6i$it+ r#tio &it/ MHMS ,!H 451


39/44

,c1 At dr+ o" o!tiu

Soi$ PIK5

( #7?c0s%

K4

( #7?c0s%

Kr

Red earth ? #.$"! .$ :.""

Bac2 cotton soi C# >.#! #.$" >:."!

S/ soi # #.$$ >.? >#."


40/44

V#ri#tion o" Kr#t &et o" OMC

Sois

Kr

ater SH-S

(1H7$%

SH-S

(1H7#%

-H-S

(1H7$%

-H-S

(1H7#%

Red 9arth !."? >#."$ >.$> ?.#C >$.$"

Bac2 /otton Soi ?.> !#.! !.$? !.> !"."

S/ soi C. >." >?." :."C >".?$


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Conc$usions& /I< aues are o+sered to +e 0ore for sois haing high 1asticity

inde6 aues.

& The sois co01acted at )et of o1ti0u0 0oisture content sho)ed

higher crac2 intensity factors and /I< aue is 0ore for the second

cyce of drying.

& hen acidic heay 0eta soutions )ere used3 the crac2 intensity

factors and hydrauic conductiity aues are 0ore )hen co01ared to

that of )ater3 )hereas under a2ai conditions3 the increase in theseaues is found to +e ess.


42/44

& The aues of 1er0ea+iity ratios initiay increased )ith

increase in 1asticity inde6 to so0e e6tent3 +ut then decreased

)ith further increase in PI due to high sef7heaing of the soi.

& In a the cases of tests done )ith heay 0eta soutions3 Red

Earth Soil sho)ed 0ini0u0 aues of /I


43/44

Re"erences

& Seracettin Arasan3M9ffect of /he0icas on Geotechnica Pro1erties of /ay 'inersM3

Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology-2010.& -.H.T.Rayhani 3 9.K.anfu and A ##? %.MDesiccation Induced /rac2ing And

Its 9ffect *n Hydrauic /onductiity *f /ayey Sois In Ira5M3 Canadian Geotechnical

Journal

& ;.K.Kodi2ora3 S.'.Bar+our and D.G.###%. Desiccation /rac2ing of Soi

'ayersM3Asian Conference of nsaturated Soils-!SAT AS"A 2000#

& /aro ; -ier 3 Hong -i and Nai esiar (::"%.M961eri0enta Anaysis *f

Desiccation /rac2 Pro1agation In /ay 'inersM3 JA$RA Journal of the A%erican $ater

Resources Association-1&&'#

& Tanit /haer0yanont3 Sura1on Arry2u and Nanthanit /haroenthaisong (>##"%.

Trans1ort of heay 0etas and che0ica co01ati+iity of hydrauic conductiity of a

co01acted sand +entonite 0i6ture.M Song(lana(arin Journal of Science and Technology,

)0 *2+, 2&-2

& /raig H. Benson and ;ohn -. Trast (::$%. Hydrauic conductiity of thirteen

co01acted cays.M Clay and Clay .inerals, The clay %inerals society, /)&-'1#


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A STUDY ON DESICCATION INDUCED CRACKING AND HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY OF COMPACTED CLAY LINERS

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