1. A STUDY ON URBAN GROWTH TRENDS IN COCHIN ARUN C BABU IIT Kharagpur 12AR60R09

2. AIM AND SCOPE OF STUDYTO STUDY ABOUT THE URBAN GROWTH TRENDS IN KOCHI URBAN AREA BY ANALYSING POPULATION GROWTH, ECONOMY, INFRASTUCTURE DEVELOPEMNT AND THE URBAN POTENTIAL OF THE REGION. KOCHI IS THE ECONOMICAL CAPITAL OF KERALA AND A RAPIDLY GROWING COSTAL SETTLEMENT IN THE WESTERN COAST. THE STUDY MAINLY FOCUSSES ON THE GROWTH TRENDS IN KOCHI CORPORATION REGION AND THE SURROUNDING MUNCIPALITIES WITHIN THE KOCHI CITY LIMITS. 3. KOCHICommercial capital of Kerala Kochi is the most promising growth oriented development region in the state of Kerala. Developments in the city and surrounding area have taken a fast stride in the last two decades. The Information Technology Institutions at Kakkanad, the International Airport at Nedumbassery, the new bridge linking Vypeen islands to the main land and the high impact residential and commercial developments in the city and the surrounding areas have caused direct and indirect development impacts in many sectors. The newly proposed metro project, the high speed rail corridor, smart city project, and the vallarpadam container terminal project will enhance the growth of kochi and the 4. source : google mapURBAN FORM The city of Kochi is located along the central coast of Kerala in Ernakulam district. A collection of small islands, a large peninsula and the mainland collectively make up the modern city of Kochi. Fort Kochi, located on a peninsula in the southwest corner of the city, is where Portuguese colonists established the first European colony in India during the 16th century. Wellington Island, located between the peninsula and the mainland, is where the Port of Cochin is located. Almost the entire island is used for industrial activities by the port and railways. The neighbouring islands of Vypeen, Vallarpadam and 5. URBAN GROWTH IN KOCHI1870 Colonial settlement started from mattancherysource : cochin cdp1920 Formation of wellington island1940 road connection to the main land on the west and road-rail connection to the east from the island completedPost independence surge in economic activities and urbanisation 6. Urban Growth trends indicate urban expansion towards north, north east. The main reason for urban growth towards the east (kalamassery region) is because of the it sector and the special economic zone. The development of satellite towns like Aluva and Ankamaly are the main reason for the urban growth towards north. source : cochin cdp (1971 2001census)The developments are mainly along the 7. URBANIZATION IN KOCHI - A COMPARISON WITH THE NATIONAL AND STATE SCENARIO A peculiar phenomenon of the urbanization trend in Kerala is that a major percentage of this urban population is within 17 urban agglomerations (UA). Kochi UA has the most number of constituent units (25) with Kannur in the second place with 16 constituent units and Kozhikode in the third position with 14 constituent units. All the other UA s have only 10 or less than ten constituent units.source : cochin cdpUrban population to total population is greater in Ernakulum district than that in any other district in Kerala or in the state as a whole or in India. Ernakulum district is highly urbanized with Kochi UA acting as a magnet attracting economic investments in many sectors. 8. source : cochin cdpA remarkable feature of urbanization is that though the urban content of the States population is only 25.97%, Ernakulum is the most urbanized district in the state in terms of absolute number of urban population (14.77 lakhs) and the percentage of urban to total district population (47.56 %) as per 2001 census. 9. POPULATION GROWTH TRENDS IN KOCHIPopulation growth rate is showing a declining trend in the corporation area ( 5.1%) during the past three decades. The suburban area around the city shows considerably high population growth (9.11%). Population growth rate is showing a declining trend in the corporation area ( 5.1%) during the past three decades. The suburban area around the city shows considerablysource : cochin cd 10. In the recent years due to many large scale development projects, especially in the construction sector and information technology, substantial employment opportunities are generated in Kochi and this is a positive factor for migration. sharp increase in land values and scarcity of developable land prevent lower and middle income group families from buying land within the city for residential purposes. This has made a good percentage of people to opt for residences in the outskirts of the city. Though the trend reduces migration, it increases floating population in the city. The large scale investment proposals and infrastructure requirements in and around Kochi city will attract more people to the city in future. Kochi City Region has higher population growth rate compared to the state average. In the coming two decades it is expected to touch two million mark. Most of the growth is taking place just outside of the Kochi city area but within the Kochi City Region. This coupled with 2001high levelgradual decreasing trend in the Population growth from 1981 to the shows a of floating population necessitates integrated planning,Kochi City Region service delivery. city area and in the development andsource : cochin cdp 11. Key issues in housing sector Rapid increase of migrant population Due to scarcity and soaring price of land urban poor are persuaded to stay in puramboke lands or rental homes. Lack of tenure security Lack of land management strategy for the city Legal and administrative problems related to grant of pattayam Lack of awareness in low cost technology and tenure issues Dilapidated buildings in source : cochin cdp Mattancherry. Future need Cost of construction and Identification and planned use of vacant land is necessary in the residentialare building materials sector. increasing Lack of land use data bankFUTURE HOUSING NEEDSConstruction of multifamily dwelling unit to most vulnerable homeless, landless people and occupants of dilapidated buildings; Relocation of slums located in hazardous and vulnerable areas 12. ECONOMIC OPPERTUNITIES AND ECNOMIC GROWTH TRENDS IN KOCHI Due to its strategic location, Kochi has long been a centre of trade. For centuries, the city was renowned for its spices, jewellery, apparel and fishing industries. In recent times, the Cochin Port in its expansion and modernization pace and the tourism industry have also contributed significantly to the local economy. The Shipyard situated within the city limits has been a silent giant contributing substantially to the economic health of the city and the state. While these industries continue to remain strong today, the economy has received a boost from the IT and financial services. All these have their multiplier effects on trade and commerce and construction industry. As a result, Kochi is witnessing an IT/ ITES economic boom. The IT boom in Kochi is driven by a combination of factors, which include cheaper real estate costs compared to the larger and more mature metros in India; some of Indias best communications infrastructure, low labour costs and low attrition rates. TOURISM Recognizing the importance of tourism to the local economy, city officials have launched initiatives to ensure the continued growth of tourism in Kochi: The coastal backwaters around Kochi are being further developed to accommodate more tourists A new cruise ship terminal is being built in the Port of Cochin 13. FACTORS INFLUENCING THE URBAN GROWTH The Port of Cochin, one of Indias twelve major ports, has ambitious plans for infrastructure development over the next 5 years. The vallarpadam container terminal, future oil exploration projects, cruise terminal etc.. Will act as a catalyst for the future economic growth. Cochin International Airport is the only airport in the country besides Mumbai and Delhi that can handle large commercial aircraft. This has served not only to boost tourism within Kochi but has also had a positive impact on the number of companies that have launched operations within the city. Three national highways (NH-47, NH-17 and NH-49) pass through or near the city. This allows commercial traffic from both the airport and seaport to connect easily to the national grid. the Cochin Seaport-Airport Highway is being constructed. The proposed seaport airport high way, container terminal corridor, will connect many of the industrial and commercial zones of Kochi area and bodes the for the Kochis excellent internet connectivityreduce well travel time from the sea port to the airport by half. development of the city as an IT/ITES hub. The city is better connected than most cities in India, Such connectivity has helped in attracting IT & ITES firms. two new technology-focused SEZs, Infopark and Smart City will be completed in the short to medium 14. FUTURE PREDICTION FOR WORKFORCE PARTICIPATION The reduction in the agricultural land will reduce the work force in these fields.By the introduction of special economic zones and the growth of informal sectors the number of house hold industry workers will increase. The majority of the workforce will be on it sector , construction field and port based activities.source : cochin cdpThe expected increase in the number of workers will result in an increased need for housing facilities and an improved transportation 15. source : cochin cdp 16. VISION FOR FUTURECONCLUSION Kochi blessed with variety of natural resources, back waters, good connectivity to other parts of the country through rail, road , air , and sea have tremendous potential to grow as an global city. The residential sector in the kochin region should be organised and planned for the future need.The near by satallite towns will influence the growth of kochi. So an improved rail road connectivity to these towns are necessary.SOURCE: www.corporationofcochin.netThe slum formation in the fort kochi region, waste collection and management, urban sprawl, traffic management, deteriorating canal transportation systems etc will be the major future issues. Efficient planning is 17. REFERENCES 1.Development plan for Kochi city region 2031 prepared by Department of Town and Country Planning, Government of Kerala Volume 1 Study and Analysis Volume 2- Development Concepts and Development Strategies 2. www.corporationofcochin.net 3.www.wikipedia.org 4. http://.www.mapsofindia.com/ 5.www.googlemaps.com 6.www.gov.kerala.org 18. THANK YOU