7
DATA SYSTEMS A Technical Introduction to Chapter 7 WHY IRIG 106 CHAPTER 7?
DATA SYSTEMS
A Technical Introduction to Chapter 7
WHY IRIG 106 CHAPTER 7?
2 SAFRAN DATA SYSTEMS IRIG 106 CHAPTER 7
WHY IRIG 106 CHAPTER 7?Modern FTI Architectures should meet the following Requirements
Acquisition of various and very different data sources
Handling of an increasing volume of data, faster buses / sources. Data acquisition requirements are ballooning as high-definition video and high-speed data buses become mainstream on test vehicles
Reduction of time allocated for flight test campaigns and certification processes calling for agile testing
“All Data” capturing and rendering a subset to ground staff for real-time operation
Optimal use of limited bandwidth for telemetry transmission
Low Latency requirement for critical test phases (flutter tests, ...)
Compatibility with worldwide standardized software / data formats
Proposed Enhancements to IRIG 106 Chapter 4 to meet these Requirements
Avoid the need of oversampling due to the challenging mesh of asynchronous data with fixed length PCM frames transmitted at a constant bitrate
Ease the task of data integrity validation
Normalize the way different formats are processed
Make seamless the use of a given sampling schedule for various and multiple data package sizes
Eliminate the need to use redundant interfaces in data recorders and data acquisition units pertaining to the same systems
The Principle
THE “CHAPTER 7 TELEMETRY DOWNLINK” (CHAPTER 7 TMDL) IS A METHODOLOGY INTRODUCED BY SAFRAN DATA SYSTEMS FOR TELEMETERING PACKETIZED DATA IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE IRIG 106 CHAPTER 10 STANDARD, ALLOWING THE UTILIZATION OF WIDESPREAD CHAPTER 10 SOFTWARE TOOLS.
The main objective of the Chapter 7 TMDL is to multiplex different data types into a single telemetry downlink stream. All existing legacy data types such as analog sensor data, bus data and discretes, in addition to newer data types such as high-speed asynchronous sources (fibre channel, Gigabit Ethernet, IEEE 1394b, etc) and High-Definition (HD) Video, can be packed into one single data stream. For its implementation, no change to ground processing hardware is needed. Furthermore, it allows using the same Chapter 10 standard software tools on board and on ground. The main discriminator and your advantage: an extremely quick and easy system setup without the necessity to build-up time-division multiplexed PCM frames nor to conduct its challenging validation. Chapter 7 Telemetry Downlink technique has been deployed worldwide and shows extraordinary performance.
“Plug&Play” data type independent channel selection to build telemetry data streams
Dynamic control of the telemetry output content, changeable “on the fly” in order to cope with mission plan and available telemetry bandwidth
Chapter 4 compliant stream, compatible with legacy Chapter 4 hardware
Multiple data types can be transmitted on one frequency, only limited by max bit rate and available bandwidth
Any data being acquired by the data recorder can be analyzed on ground basically in real-time
Easy dissemination of the data across the ground receiving station to many consumers
Less equipment required on ground, which saves money and makes it logistically easier to support testing in comparison with Chapter 4
THE ADVANTAGES
CHAPTER 7
SAFRAN DATA SYSTEMS IRIG 106 CHAPTER 7 3
4 SAFRAN DATA SYSTEMS IRIG 106 CHAPTER 7 SAFRAN DATA SYSTEMS IRIG 106 CHAPTER 7 5
Chapter 7 - Packetized Data per IRIG 106 Chapter 10
THIS SECTION ILLUSTRATES HOW CHAPTER 7 DATA IS PACKETIZED ACCORDING TO THE CHAPTER 10 STANDARD AND THEN EMBEDDED IN A TRADITIONAL CHAPTER 4 PCM DATA STREAM – ORGANIZED IN MINOR FRAMES – FOR TELEMETRY APPLICATIONS.
Computer Generated Data Packet,Format 1 Setup Records
Time Data Packet
Time Data Packet
Data Packet
Data Packet
Data Packet
Data Packet
Data Packet
Single file of Multiple Channel Recordingwill always conform to the following:
Must be the first packet in recording
Must be the first dynamic packet in recording
Each data packet must be generated equal to or less than100 milliseconds. All packets generated must be commitedto the stream equal to or less than 1000 milliseconds.
Time data packet frequency is a minimum of 1Hz.
CHAPTER 10 PACKET CONCEPT
On board recorders acquire FTI data based on IRIG 106 Chapter 10 packetization standard. The same format is applied to
the telemetry output, making it possible to use the same tools on board and on ground.
C10Video Packet
Ethernet MACFrame (or iNet)
Packets
C10PCM
Packet
On-boardConfiguration &
Status, Sync Word, Fill Packet
Only Packets in the stream +Stream overhead
Data rate needs to be estimated for constant output PCM rate
Typical latency from 20 to 100ms
CHAPTER 7 MINOR FRAME
Selected Chapter 10 packets are “pushed” to the telemetry stream builder and
automatically inserted along with status, system configuration and fill packets in the telemetry output stream.
SAFRAN DATA SYSTEMS IRIG 106 CHAPTER 7 5
SAFRAN DATA SYSTEMS IRIG 106 CHAPTER 7 7
IRIG 106-17 Chapter 7 ReleaseMix of Chapter 4 and Chapter 10 Structures
STITCHING CHAPTER 10 PACKETS INTO CHAPTER 4 FRAMES
Chapter 10 packets are inserted into Chapter 4 frames.
SYNCPAT PT Data FrameMinor Frame PCM Data Words
SYNCPAT +
PTDFSeg. 1
PCM Data
PCM Data
PTDFSeg. 2
PTDFSeg. 1
PTDFSeg. 2
SYNCPAT
SYNCPAT
PCM Data
PCM Data... ...
The main objective of merging IRIG 106 Chapter 4 and Chapter 7 is an improved and optimized concept for telemetry downlink. Therefore, it is the intention to deliver a new IRIG 106 data mix by exploiting the advantages of well-established Telemetry Downlink methods.
THIS SECTION ILLUSTRATES HOW CHAPTER 7 VERSION 2017 PERMITS MIXING CHAPTER 4 AND CHAPTER 10 STRUCTURES.
Chapter 7 – Overhead, Data Prioritization and Latency
DATA PRIORITIZATION
The most critical data can be set as “High Priority” so that transmission is ensured in case of output bandwidth saturation.
Typical achievable latency performances are as following, allowing live reproduction on the ground
• Ethernet, Voice, PCM: 20 ms • Bus data: 100 ms • HD Video: 250 ms
OVERHEAD
Chapter 10 transmission mode:
• The highest overhead is Chapter 10 packetization (24+4 bytes header & trailer + extra time stamps).
• However, at longer data structures (higher rates), overhead becomes almost negligible (e.g. 16kbyte video packet: 0.17 %).
Gateway transmission mode:
• Simpler structures like TmNS, MAC or IP Ethernet frames can be transmitted natively without headers, trailers and additional time stamps to reduce overhead.
• The Chapter 7 packetization overhead is 6 bytes per MAC frame (e.g. 0.6% for an average 1,000 byte long MAC frames).
The Chapter 7 frame generation overhead is minimal
• 4 bytes for every PCM frame, and 6 bytes for every packet transmitted.
• In most cases between 0.5% - 1 % of the data rate.
This is in addition to the advantages of simplicity and tools re-usability, besides optimally using the available telemetry bandwidth.
LATENCY
A flag in the frame header allows low latency data to overtake standard packets and get transmitted first.
Large packet spreading multiple frames
FS FS FS FSPacket Packet Packet PacketLowLatency
6 SAFRAN DATA SYSTEMS IRIG 106 CHAPTER 7
8 SAFRAN DATA SYSTEMS IRIG 106 CHAPTER 7 SAFRAN DATA SYSTEMS IRIG 106 CHAPTER 7 9
FTI DATA IS ACQUIRED, SAMPLED, FILTERED (OPTIONAL) AND PACKETIZED BASED ON IRIG 106 CHAPTER 10 STANDARD, REGARDLESS OF THE SYNCHRONOUS OR ASYNCHRONOUS NATURE OF THE DATA.
Sync
Sync
Sync
Sync
Sync
Word 1 Word 2 Word 3 Word 4 Word 5 Word Word Word Word Word Word Word Word Word Word 23Word 6 Word 7 Word n Word Word WordFrame Sync
Sync
Sync
ARINC429
ARINC429
LowLatency
Data
LowLatency
Data
LowLatency
Data
LowLatency
Data
Video Video Video Video Video Video Video Video Video VideoAnalog
DataAnalog
DataAnalog
Data Video Video Video
LowLatency
Data
AnalogData
AnalogData
AnalogData
AnalogData
AnalogData
AnalogData
AnalogData
LowLatency
Data
LowLatency
Data
LowLatency
Data
ARINC429
ARINC429 Video Video Video Video Video MIL-STD
1553MIL-STD
1553MIL-STD
1553MIL-STD
1553MIL-STD
1553MIL-STD
1553 Filler Filler Filler
Video
Ethernet Ethernet Ethernet Ethernet Ethernet Ethernet
Ethernet Ethernet Ethernet Ethernet Ethernet Ethernet Ethernet Ethernet Ethernet Ethernet Ethernet Ethernet
Ethernet Ethernet Ethernet Ethernet Ethernet Ethernet Ethernet Ethernet Ethernet Ethernet Ethernet Ethernet Ethernet Ethernet
Video Video Video Video Video Video VideoVideoFiller
Filler Filler ARINC429
ARINC429
ARINC429
Video Video Video Video Video Video Video Video Video Video Video Video
Video VideoVideo Video Video Video Video Video Video Video Video Video Video Video VideoAnalog
DataAnalog
DataAnalog
DataAnalog
DataAnalog
Data
LowLatency
Data
LowLatency
Data
LowLatency
Data
LowLatency
Data
LowLatency
Data
LowLatency
Data
LowLatency
Data
LowLatency
Data
LowLatency
Data
Ethernet Ethernet EthernetLow
LatencyData
ARINC429
ARINC429
ARINC429
LowLatency
Data
LowLatency
Data
LowLatency
Data
Word 1 Word 2 Word 3 Word 4 Word 5 Word Word 6 Word 7 Word n Word Word Word
ARINC429
ARINC429
LowLatency
Data
LowLatency
Data
LowLatency
Data
LowLatency
Data
AnalogData
AnalogData
AnalogData
AnalogData Video Video Video Video Video Video Video
ARINC429
ARINC429 Video Video Video Video Video
Video
Ethernet Ethernet Ethernet
Ethernet Ethernet Ethernet Ethernet Ethernet
Filler Filler
Video Video Video
Video Video Video Video Video Video Video Video Video Video VideoVideo
LowLatency
Data
LowLatency
Data
LowLatency
Data
LowLatency
Data
LowLatency
Data
LowLatency
Data
LowLatency
Data
LowLatency
Data
LowLatency
Data
LowLatency
Data
LowLatency
Data
ARINC429
ARINC429
ARINC429
LowLatency
Data
IRIG 106-15 CHAPTER 7 RELEASE: NOTIONAL DATA STRUCTURE
A HYBRID PCM FRAME EMBEDS LEGACY CHAPTER 4 FRAMES AND CHAPTER 10 PACKETS FOR FULL COMPATIBILITY WITH LEGACY GROUND STATIONS, WHICH ALLOWS TO BENEFIT FROM MODERN CHAPTER 10 TECHNIQUES.
Sync
Sync
Sync
Sync
Sync
Word 1 Word 31Word 2 Word 3 Word 4 Word 5 Word 12 Word 13 Word 28 Word 29 Word 30Word 14 Word 15 Word 16 Word 19 Word 20 Word 21 Word 22 Word 23 Word 24 Word 27Word 6 Word 7 Word 8 Word 9 Word 10 Word 11Frame Sync
SubFrame
ID 0
DataA
DataB
DataC Filler Data
EData
FData
G Filler CH 7 CH 7 CH 7 CH 7 DataE
DataF CH 7 CH 7 CH 7 Data
EData
F CH 7CH 7 CH 7 CH 7 DataE
DataFCH 7
SubFrame
ID 1
DataA
DataB
DataD Filler Data
EData
FFiller Data
HCH 7 CH 7 CH 7 CH 7 Data
EData
F CH 7 CH 7 CH 7 DataE
DataF CH 7CH 7 CH 7 CH 7 Data
EData
FCH 7
SubFrame
ID 2
DataA
DataB
DataC Filler Data
EData
FData
G Filler CH 7 CH 7 CH 7 CH 7 DataE
DataF CH 7 CH 7 CH 7 Data
EData
F CH 7CH 7 CH 7 CH 7 DataE
DataFCH 7
SubFrame
ID 3
DataA
DataB
DataD Filler Data
EData
FFiller Data
HCH 7 CH 7 CH 7 CH 7 Data
EData
F CH 7 CH 7 CH 7 DataE
DataF CH 7CH 7 CH 7 CH 7 Data
EXMA
FCH 7
SubFrame
ID 0
XMAA
MDRB
MDRC Filler MDR
EXMA
FMDR
G Filler CH 7 CH 7 CH 7 CH 7 DataE
DataF CH 7 CH 7 CH 7 Data
EData
F CH 7CH 7 CH 7 CH 7 DataE
XMAFCH 7
Word 1 Word 2 Word 3 Word 4 Word 5 Word 6 Word 7 Word 8 Word 9 Word 10 Word 11
SubFrame
ID 0
DataA
DataB
DataC Filler Data
EData
FData
G Filler CH 7 CH 7
SubFrame
ID 1
DataA
DataB
DataD Filler Data
EData
FFiller Data
HCH 7 CH 7
SubFrame
ID 2
DataA
DataB
DataC Filler Data
EData
FData
G Filler CH 7 CH 7
SubFrame
ID 3
DataA
DataB
DataD Filler Data
EData
FFiller Data
HCH 7 CH 7
SubFrame
ID 0
XMAA
MDRB
MDRC Filler MDR
EXMA
FMDR
G Filler CH 7 CH 7
Sub commutated parameters
Normal commutated parameters Super commutated parameters
Chapter 7 data
IRIG 106-17 CHAPTER 7 RELEASE: NOTIONAL DATA STRUCTURE
SAFRAN DATA SYSTEMS IRIG 106 CHAPTER 7 11
Chapter 7 Benefits: Summary
This new method requires minimal testing for mission set-up, is ideal for mixing synchronous and asynchronous digital bus parameters, analog data and video signals. Useful mechanisms are available for prioritizing the transmission of critical parameters.
The switching cost is low as this new technology is transparent to legacy components such as TM encryptor, decryptor, transmitters, receivers and bit synchronizer.
These aspects confer to the new IRIG 106 telemetry standard all assets for paving the way of the next generation of telemetry systems.
THE METHOD PROPOSED WITHIN THE IRIG 106 STANDARD GUARANTEES A SMOOTH TRANSITION FROM LEGACY PCM CHAPTER 4 TYPE TELEMETRY TO THE MOST MODERN EASILY SHAREABLE CHAPTER 7 PACKET CONCEPT. THE COMBINATION OF THE TWO METHODS - PROPOSED BY IRIG 106-17 CHAPTER 7 - ALLOWS TO USE THE ROBUSTNESS OF CHAPTER 4 AND THE FLEXIBILITY OF CHAPTER 7 IN ONE SINGLE TELEMETRY OUTPUT STREAM.
Ch7
Asynchronous Data: Packet
Telemetry(Recorders)
Traditional Telemetry:
Chapter 4 PCM (Encoders)
Network Telemetry
(DAU Networks) + uplink by
radio
Chapter 7 - Implementation
Ethernet
Video
Store All Data
Airborne Segment
Ground Segment
Ethernet MIL-STD-1553 Video Hot Mic
Transmitter
On-board DAU and Ch7 Gateway
On-board Recorder and Ch7 Gateway
Remote Acquisition Units
Network Attached Storage
eZ Software Suite: Decom & Processing
Real-Time Audio/Video
Data Video
ReceiverGround Recorder
& Reproducer
Store All Data
Real-TimeEthernetGateway
UDP Data Streaming
Real-Time Video
PCM Stream
User Selected Telemetry Data
IRIG 106 Chapter 7
PCM Stream
eZ SOFTWARE SUITE: CONFIGURATION AND LIVE MONITORING
10 SAFRAN DATA SYSTEMS IRIG 106 CHAPTER 7
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