A Time of Change • Puberty - a period of sexual

development when a person becomes sexually mature and able to reproduce

– This is when hormones in a young person’s body are more intense and the Reproductive system begins to change.

• Menopause - A period in life when a woman’s ovulation and menstruation cease

PUBERTY

LIFE CYCLE

Pregnancy Statistics• The United States has the highest

rate of teen pregnancy and births

• 34% of young women become pregnant at least once before they reach the age of 20

• 8 in 10 ten of these teen pregnancies are accidents and 79% are to unmarried teens.

Hormones•Women

–Estrogen–Progesterone

• Stimulates egg growth/maturity

•Men–Testosterone

• Stimulates sperm growth

Complete chart at top of page 2 in the packet – use your book page 489

REPRODUCTION

• Ova (egg) – female cells of reproduction• Sperm – male cells of reproduction

Reproduction: Life Cycle   STAGE WHAT HAPPENS IN EACH OF THE STAGES OF REPRODUCTION

1. FERTILIZATION Only one sperm out of the millions can fertilize the egg. The fertilized egg undergoes cell division occurs and

travels to the uterus.2. THE ZYGOTE The united sperm and egg that travels through the

fallopian tubes to the uterus. 3. CELL DIVISION Cell division takes place after fertilization forming the

embryo.4. THE

BLASTOCYTEA hallow spherical structure made up of 50-100 cells,

forms when an embryo divides and grows. 5. IMPLANTATION the process in which the blastocyst attaches itself to the

wall of the uterus.

REPRODUCTION

3. Cell division

5. Implantation

4. Blastocyst

Uterus

1. Fertilization

2. Zygote Fallopian

Tube

ovary

Development in the Uterus

Wall of uterus

Amniotic Fluid

Cervix

Vagina

Umbilical Cord

Amniotic Sac

Placenta

Development in the uterus

• Placenta – attachment holding the embryo to the uterus wall

• Amniotic Sac – “bag of waters” in uterus, in which fetus floats

• Umbilical Cord – “ropelike” structure which carries nutrients and oxygen from the placenta to the embryo

Development in the Uterus

Gestation – the period from conception to birth (3 TRIMESTERS – 3 MONTHS each

ZYGOTE FERTILIZATION – WEEK 2

EMBRYOWEEK 3 – WEEK 8

FETUSWEEK 9 – WEEK 40

INFANTWHEN BABY IS OUT OF MOTHER

http://www.babycenter.com/2_inside-pregnancy-weeks-1-to-9_10302602.bc

STAYING HEALTHY DURING PREGNANCY

Proper nutrition  Exercise  Avoiding alcohol and other drugs Avoiding environmental hazards  Receiving prenatal care 

STAGE 1 OF LABOR 

  The work performed by the mother’s body to push the fetus out.

- Strong muscle contractions of the uterus cause the cervix to dilate. - The amniotic sac will break - Cervix becomes softer and wide enough for the fetus to pass through 

 

 STAGE 2 OF LABOR 

 

The baby is pushed out through the cervix and vagina

- The umbilical cord is clamped and cut - The baby’s nose and mouth are suctioned

 

STAGE 3 OF LABOR 

 

Placenta is pushed out

 

CHILDBIRTH

Vaginal Birth

Infant born head first

Breech Birth

Infant not born head

first usually leads to cesarean

Cesarean SectionInfant not born head

first

• Episiotomy – surgical cut made in vagina

• Epidural – A shot given in the spinal cord to numb the mother from the waist down

Complications at Birth• Stillbirth – occurs when a fetus dies and is

expelled from the body after the 20th week of pregnancy

• Premature birth – delivery of a live baby before the 37th week

• Low Birth weight – newborn that weights less than 5.5 pounds

Multiple Births• Identical Twins – a single fertilized egg (fertilized by 1

sperm) that divides into 2 identical embryos• Fraternal Twins – Sometime 2 eggs are released from

the ovaries and are fertilized by 2 sperm

**SAFE AND ABANDONED BABIES ACT**

• Where are safe havens?– In Illinois, the safe havens for newborns are:

• Staffed fire stations• Staffed police stations• Hospitals• Emergency care facilities

• What does the law do?– The law is intended to provide an alternative to the parents

of newborn infants to relinquish their unharmed infants to staff in safe havens while remaining anonymous and avoiding civil or criminal liability. It is recognized that establishing a traditional adoption plan through a private or public adoption agency or choosing to parent the child is a preferable parenting plan to abandonment or relinquishment of an infant. However, the purpose of this law is to reduce the risk of harm to a newborn by a parent who may be under undue stress.

CONTRACEPTIVES

• Only 100% way to protect from STI’s and unwanted pregnancy is ….

AbstinenceWhich means you choose to not engage in

sexual activity until marriage .

Birth Control Pill Norplant

Intrauterine Device (IUD)

VaginalV Spermicides

Diaphragm

Cervical Cap

Male Condom

Female Condom

Fertility Awareness Method

Female Sterilization

Male Sterilization

Sponge Ring

Patch

Test tomorrow• Can use packets

– Endocrine/male/female reproductive systems

– Life cycle– Contraceptives