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A town is a human settlement larger than a village but smaller than a city. The size

definition for what constitutes a "town" varies considerably in different parts of theworld, so that, for example, many "small towns" in the United States would be

regarded as villages in the United Kingdom, while many British "small towns" would

qualify as cities in the United States.

Origin and useThe word town shares an origin with the GermanwordZaun, the Dutch word tuin, and the OldNorsetun. The German wordZaun comes closest to the original meaning of the word: a fence ofany material.

In English and Dutch, the meaning of the word took on the sense of the space which these fences

enclosed. In English, it was a small city that could not afford or was not allowed to build walls orother larger fortifications, and built apalisade or stockade instead (many early Englishsettlements in North America used stockades.) In the Netherlands, this space was a garden, morespecifically those of the wealthy, which had a high fence or a wall around them (like the gardenof palace 't Loo in Apeldoorn, which was the example for the privy garden ofWilliam and Maryat Hampton Court). In Old Norse tun means a (grassy) place between farmhouses.

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A village is a clustered human settlement orcommunity,larger than a hamlet with the population ranging from a few hundred to a few thousand(sometimes tens of thousands), Though often located inrural areas, the termurban village is alsoapplied to certain urbanneighbourhoods, such as the West Village in Manhattan,New York Cityand the Saifi Village in Beirut,Lebanon, as well as Hampstead Village in the Londonconurbation. Villages are normally permanent, with fixed dwellings; however, transientvillages[1] can occur. Further, the dwellings of a village are fairly close to one another, notscattered broadly over the landscape, as a dispersed settlement.

Historically, villages were a usual form ofcommunity for societies that practisesubsistenceagriculture, and also for some non-agricultural societies. In Great Britain, a hamlet earned theright to be called a village when it built a church.[2] In many cultures, towns and cities were few,with only a small proportion of the population living in them. TheIndustrial Revolution attractedpeople in larger numbers to work in mills and factories; the concentration of people caused manyvillages to grow into towns and cities. This also enabled specialization of labor and crafts, anddevelopment of many trades. The trend ofurbanization continues, though not always inconnection with industrialisation. Villages have been eclipsed in importance as units of humansociety and settlement.

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This article is about institutions for

learning. For the concept of "schooling", see Education. For other uses of the word "school", see

School (disambiguation)orEducational institution.

School building and recreation area in England

A school is an institution designed for the teaching ofstudents (or "pupils") under the directionofteachers. Most countries have systems of formaleducation, which is commonly compulsory.In these systems, students progress through a series of schools. The names for these schools varyby country (discussed in theRegionalsection below), but generally includeprimary school foryoung children and secondary school for teenagers who have completed primary education. Aninstitution where higher educationis taught, is commonly called auniversity collegeor

university.

In addition to these core schools, students in a given country may also attend schools before andafter primary and secondary education.Kindergarten orpre-school provide some schooling tovery young children (typically ages 35). University,vocational school, college orseminary maybe available after secondary school. A school may also be dedicated to one particular field, suchas a school of economics or a school of dance.Alternative schools may provide nontraditionalcurriculum and methods.

There are also non-government schools, called private schools. Private schools may be forchildren with special needs when the government does not supply for them; religious, such asChristian schools, hawzas,yeshivas, and others; or schools that have a higher standard ofeducation or seek to foster other personal achievements. Schools for adults include institutions ofcorporate training, Military education and trainingandbusiness schools.

In homeschoolingand online schools, teaching and learning take place outside of a traditionalschool building.

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In human context, a family (from Latin:familia) is agroup ofpeople affiliated by consanguinity,affinity, or co-residence. In most societies it is the principal institution for the socialization ofchildren. Extended from the human "family unit" by biological-cultural affinity, marriage,economy, culture,tradition, honour, and friendship are concepts of family that are physical andmetaphorical, or that grow increasingly inclusiveextending to community,village,city,region,nationhood, global village and humanism. A family group consisting of a father, mother andtheir children is called a nuclear family. This term can be contrasted with an extended family.

There are also concepts of family thatbreak with tradition within particular societies, or thosethat are transplanted via migration to flourish or else cease within their new societies. As a unitofsocialization and a basic institution key to the structure of society[clarification needed], the family isthe object of analysis forsociologists of the family.Genealogyis a field which aims to trace

family lineages through history. In science, the term "family" has come to be used as a means toclassify groupsof objects as being closely and exclusively related. In the study ofanimals it hasbeen found that many species form groups that have similarities to human "family"often called"packs." Sexual relations among family members are regulated by rules concerning incest suchas the incest taboo

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