Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
A vision on smart textiles: SYSTEX
Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
Commercialization Cluster of Organic and Large Area Electronics
Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
Programme9.00 Registration9.15 “Introduciton to smart textiles” (Carla Hertleer, UGent,B)10.30 “TriTex e-learning course” (Cédric Cochrane, ENSAIT, F)10.45 Coffee Break11.00 “Stretchable electronics for smart textiles” (Jan Vanfleteren, CMST, Imec,B)12.00 Sandwich lunch13.15 “Conjugated polymers: Versatile conductorsd and semi-conductors
for electronic applications” (Dirk Vanderzande, Uhasselt, Imec, B)14.45 Coffee break15.00 Discussion round16.30 Closing
Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
Why smart textiles?
Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
A wearable smart textile system comprises
• Sensors• Actuators• Data processing unit• Communication system• Energy supply• Interconnections
Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
e-textiles
Smart textiles
Intelligent textiles
Interactive clothing
Wearable electronics
Embedded electronics
Wearable textile systems
Smart suitSFITSmart Fabrics Interactive Textiles
Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
A combination of materials and processes
Materials ProcessesConductive SpinningOptical WeavingChromic KnittingShape memory EmbroideryPiezo LaminatingPhase change Others
Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
Functional materials
Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
Smart use of passive materials
Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
Conductive materials
• carbon, metal, polymers• conductive, semiconductive, dielectric properties
Kevlar coatedwith polypyrrol copper gold
Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
Deposition of polypyrrole
Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
Electroless deposition of copper
Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
Deposition of gold: exchange with copper
Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
• Conductivity• Conductivity that changes with fibre
expansion:• Deformation• Swelling
Adding conductive nanoparticles
Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
Obtaining elastic conductivity
Yarn levelFabric level: Knitting, special weavingStretchable electronics
Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
Smart yarns: elastic, conductive (A. Schwarz)
Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
Hollow spindle process
Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
Printing with conductive inks on textiles(I. Kazani)
• Digital or screen• Homogeneity• Accuracy of paths• Washing• Deformation• Adhesion
Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
Conductive inks on textiles
Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
Decline due to washing
Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
Connections Antenna
Power supply Heating
Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
Incompatibility of materials
ε=0
ε=6.0 %
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0 0.2 0.4 0.6
strain
(R-R
o)/R
ofrom experiment
from change in dimension
PU with knitted fabric withcopper coating stainless steel yarns
Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
Sensors
Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
Body Environment Textile itselfbiopotential temperature temperature
temperature movements wetness
respiration biological stretch
movements chemical wear
position EM/ES fields abrasion
sweat water/moisture
odour radiation
electrical position
chemical pressure
biological sound
pressure
acoustic
skin properties
Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
Knitted electroconductive yarns as sensor
Textrodes Respibelt
Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
Woven pressure sensor, capacity based
Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
Complex textile structurescan add functionality
Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
Smart fabrics: knitting
• Electrodes forelectrostimulation
• Connection electrodes-contacts
• Textile compatible contacts
Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
Contactlesssensor EMG
Electrodeelectrostimulation
Textrodes
Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
Actuators
Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
Actuators
Mechanical shape memory materials, pH- and thermo-responsive polymers, electro-active polymers
Chemical micro/nano capsules, cyclodextrines, gel based systems Thermal phase change materials, electroconductive fibres,
Peltier textiles Optical electrochromic materials, (in)organic LED (OLED) Acoustic piezo electric materials Electrical electrostimulation
Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
OLED
Textile structureOrganic materialsImage qualityYield still lowOxidation
TITV
Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
Energy supply
Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
Energy classification
Generation: ‣ Thermal: Seebeck textiles, Peltier elements,‣ Kinetic: piezo electric fibres, ‣ Radiation: photovoltaic fibres,‣ Magnetic,‣ Chemical: batteries,‣ Fuel cells.
Storage: electrochemical (flexible batteries), electrical (super capacitor fibres)
Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
A flexible battery
Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
Flexible photovaltaics in garments
Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
Photovoltaics: Dephotex
OrganicphotovoltaicsNanostructuresDyestuffsChallenges:•Materials•Production•Stability•Concept
Transparent layer/ Electrode
N semiconductor
P semiconductor
Electrode
+ -+ -
+ -
Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
Energy from motion: piezo electrics
Deformation leads to E fieldNeeds large surface, no thicknessPVDFChallenges:•Materials•Concepts•Production (poling) Electrode
Piezo electric layerElectrode
Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
Energy from heat: Seebeck effect
Materials:•P semiconductor•N semiconductor•Conductive materials
Infineon demonstrator
Areas of cooling
Areas of heating
Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
Communication
Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
Communication
Wired-wirelessShort-long distanceVisual-Auditive-Tactile
Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
Into clothing
Into protective clothing
A selection of the prototypes for integration
Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
Data processing
Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
Electronics are required
- rigid PCBs- flexible PCBs- stretchable PCBs- textile electronics
Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
MICAS van KULeuven CSEM voor Proetex Fraunhofer, Berlin
Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
Textile electronics through weaving (Sefar)
Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
Fibre transistor (L. Rambausek)
Conductive core: gateInsulating coatingSemiconductor coatingElectrode: source
Electrode: drain
SemiconductorSource Insulator
GateDrain
OFET: organicfield effect transistor
Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
Fibre OFET production
• Dip coating• thin layer• controlled crystallinity• homogeneous coating
• Vapour deposition• Controlled distance of electrodes
Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
OFET stability
• Characteristics change• Pressure• BendingSensor
• Oxydation of semi conductor
Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
OFET textile integration
Weaving structureRight patternsRight contactsNo falso contactsStable contacts
100µm
Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
Interconnections
Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
Embroidery
Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
Contacts (T. Linz)
Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
Standardisation of smart textiles
TC 248 WG 31 definitions and framework of regulationsStandards electronics: • no deformation, moisture, temperature• manipulation of materials (clamping, deformation, …)Textiles: no electronics
Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
Conclusions
• Enormous possibilities• Choice of materials, concepts, structures,
production technologies• Application oriented