Effects of Globalization on Indian Society.

Q1) While many see globalisation as synonymous with westernisation, evidence suggests that the process of globalisation has not been a one way street. Comment (15 marks)

Q2. Globalization is a double edged sword, which on one hand ensures economic growth but on other hand, assault national sovereignty, erodes local culture and threatens economic and social instability. Critically examine the

statement in the context of Indian Society. ( 10 marks)

Q3.To what extent globalization has affected the rural life in India? CriticallyAnalyze. (15 marks)

Globalization is a process of interaction and integration among the people, companies and governments of different nations, a process driven by international trade and investment and aided by information technology. This process has effects on the environment, on culture, on political systems, on economic development and prosperity and on human physical well-being in societies around the world. From economic point of view, globalization increases the movement of goods, labour, and services and weakened national barriers and restrictions that are imposed by a nation state. In the past two decades, economic globalization has been the driving force behind the overall process of globalization making the world a global village.POSITIVE EFFECT OF GLOBALIZATION1. Migration: Labour migration to cities from rural areas in search of employment is a common phenomenon. Reasons of this mainly include desire for better life style, better income and numerous job opportunities.

2. Infrastructure Development: Development of good roads has enabled the village community to successfullysale agricultural products from villages to goods markets in cities and towns. Asa result, they can earn good price of their product. Electricity: Several villages have been electrified. It is big benefit in ruraldevelopment. Globalization is going to make much difference to rural lifethrough electricity.3. Expansion of Education: Because of increasing awareness, girls are attending schools in the villages. Also the number of students attending graduate and post-graduate courses is increasing with awareness among students from rural areas. The technical education is providing to most of the students from rural areas to secure employment.4. Technology is being used in villages to set up communication infrastructure.Government’s push for the adoption of technological changes in agriculture will help in making it a profitable venture.5. Improvement in Agricultural productivity: The farmers in the Indian village nowhave access to the advanced equipments for agriculture, which leads them to betteryields and in turn it helps the economy of the country. Globalization also providesbetter exposure to the agricultural produces and ensures the farmers that they get the correct value for the produces due to globalization.6. Access to global markets for traditional rural handicrafts: Because of globalisation ,Indian handicrafts are now available in global markets. Products of Indian craftsmen are going global and there is increase in demand for it, hence, there is a rise in the handicraft sector economy.NEGATIVE EFFECT OF GLOBALIZATION1. Family Structure: As there is increase in migration rate, it is often seen that malemember of the family moves to city in search of job and because of this there is rise in dual households. This has put more pressure on women members of the family. Women are taking care of the household works as well as agriculture in absence of male members. This phenomenon is known as “Feminization of Agriculture”.2. Increasing Farmers’ suicide: Because of globalization, there is commercialization of agriculture and expansion of mechanization in agriculture. This

has increased the input cost of agriculture and affected the medium and lower level farmers negatively. Hence, globalization along with environmental changes (droughts, flood etc.) has led to increasing farmers suicide rates in India.

3. Impact on traditional life style: Because of influence of urban life style, it has affected the traditional culture of folk dances, folk songs, dressing style and food habits. The villagers have awareness and culture is touched and affected by western influence.4. Affected the livelihood of traditional handicraftsmen, artisans: Because of the popularization of machine based low cost and superior qualityconsumer goods, the Indian handicraft industry is facing many problems. Theartisans have become increasingly dependent on middle men like pettymerchant capitalists who pay the artisans in wage on piece rate bases. Another problem is that the village craftsmen in our society remain concernedthat with free trade, mass production, embroidery from other parts of the worldwill out price the products of their hard labour.Thus, the impact of globalization on Indian rural economy has given new face to modern India. There is a rapid and positive progress towards society. Rural economy is the pillar of Indian economy through its agricultural activities. The impact of globalization has changed India as one the global superpowers. However, rural India must tread cautiously on the path of globalization as its negative effects can prove to be catastrophic.

{ This answer is only for information , we will learn how to make proper answer from such vast information}

Q4) To what extent globalization has influenced the core of cultural diversity in India? Explain. ( 10 marks)

Globalization is the process of expanding and accelerating the movement of ideas, people, capital and exchange of commodities (goods and services) over vast distance. It has had a significant impact on Indian cultural diversity.

Affect on core of cultural diversity:

• Linguistic diversity:

The influence of transnational corporations has resulted in centralist language, which dominates regional dialects, and minority languages. Eg: In urban areas, most of the families these days talk in English even at homes. But it has a positive dimension, where it had lead to Indians excelling in the services sector of the economy.

• Caste Diversity:

Though globalization has led to decreased emphasis on localized castes but the socio-economic disparities in societies continues to cause conflicts, which are dominated by caste hegemony.

• Religious diversity:

In a globalized world where increased prosperity and materialistic pursuits have decreased the religion based conflicts but religion continues to dominate the social sphere mostly concerned with ethos and values. It also had led to questioning the age old exploitative traditions like Devadasi and Triple-talaq. Also though India was multi-religious but was dominated by Hindu’s with globalization it has led to be polarized by few religions. Also, exposed India to religious fundamentalism

• Racial diversity:

Globalization to an extent has changed the racial demography to an extent with decreasing numbers of Mongoloid race. Migration from North East side of India has to an extent changed the demography of Indian races. The economic inequalities and slow movement towards mono-culture has led to increased attacks on racial minorties,

Eg: N-E students attacked in New Delhi.

Negative influence:

• Unmonitored access to Western culture has led to increasing Misrepresentation, stereotyping and the risk of loss of cultural and intellectual property rights.• Increased consumerism and availability of media has led to erosion of local cultural traits.• Under the influence of Western idea of individualism there has been more homogenization of values and beliefs. Eg: Loss of local artifacts, promotion of western dressing, shift from local culinary habits etc.Positive influence:• Technology has helped preserve some of the dying artifacts, document local languages and also exposed Indians to various global arts/movies etc.• It has minimized cultural barriers and promoted universal ethos (reducing partial mindset etc.), education etc.

Globalization to an extent acted as a unifying force but monitored access would help India preserve its multi-lingual, multi-religious and multi-caste society.

Q5) Recently de-globalisation is in the news. Enumerate the factors responsible for it. What may be impact of it on India. And suggest measures to control it. ( 15 marks)

Deglobalization is the process of diminishing interdependence and integration between nation-states, certain units around the world. It is triggering a process of restructuring the world economic and political system , so as to strengthen local and national economies instead of weakening them.

See mind map of de- globalization. Today we will learn how to use mind maps effectively to write answer.

Q6) Discuss the impact of Globalisation on environment. Also elaborate how globalisation can be helpful to fight climate change. ( 10 marks)

Globalization is a process of interaction and integration among the people, companies and governments of different nations, a process driven by international trade and investment and aided by information technology. This process has effects on the environment both positive and negative.

Impact of Globalisation on the environment:

POSITIVE IMPACT

INTERNATIONAL COLLABRATION

LIKE UNFCC,UNEP

MOVEMENTS FOR CONSERVATION

OF ENVIRONMENT

EX;

GREEN TECHNOLOGY TX

FROM DEVELOPED TO

DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

FINANCEGEF

GREEN BONDBLUE BOND

Recently, in Davos Globalisation 4.0(a phenomenon driven by technology and the movement of ideas, people and goods) to stem climate change has been discussed. According to that, globalisation can be helpful to fight climate change as below:

1. Cleaner types of energy> bio fuels, carbon neutral techs, fuel cell etc. helps to achieve Paris CC treaty targets.

2. Building new leadership platforms for policy experimentation and public –private partnership.

3. Advance technologies > smart building ,smart energy >environment friendly 4. Faster technology tx to developing countries to solve the problem of

environmental pollution. Etc

So with rightful use of globalisation and IR 4.o we can achieve the targets of SDG , paris climate change treaty and goals of environment friendly development etc.

NEGATIVE IMPACT

INVASIVE SPECIES ADVERSE EFFECT ON

BIODIVERSITY

UNSUSTAINABLE DEVELOPEMENT MODELS DUE TO

COMPETITION

INCREASE IN GHG, GLOBAL WARMING

DUE TO CONSUMERALISM

CONFLICT OF DEVELOPED AND

DEVELOPING COUNTRIES ABOUT

SHARING RESPONSIBILITIES OF

ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION